Sustainability of Stack Exchange Q&A communities: the role of trust
Tóm tắt
Knowledge-sharing communities are fundamental elements of a knowledge-based society. Understanding how different factors influence their sustainability is of crucial importance. We explore the role of the social network structure and social trust in their sustainability. We analyze the early evolution of social networks in four pairs of active and closed Stack Exchange communities on topics of physics, astronomy, economics, and literature and use a dynamical reputation model to quantify the evolution of social trust in them. In addition, we study the evolution of two active communities on mathematics topics and two closed communities about startups and compare them with our main results. Active communities have higher local cohesiveness and develop stable, better-connected, trustworthy cores. The early emergence of a stable and trustworthy core may be crucial for sustainable knowledge-sharing communities.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Leydesdorff L (2001) In: A sociological theory of communication: the self-organization of the knowledge-based society. Universal-Publishers, USA. https://doi.org/10.1108/jd.2002.58.1.106.2
Leydesdorff L (2012) The triple helix, quadruple helix,…, and an n-tuple of helices: explanatory models for analyzing the knowledge-based economy? J Knowl Econ 3(1):25–35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-011-0049-4
Lipkova H, Landová H, Jarolímková A (2017) Information literacy vis-a-vis epidemic of distrust. In: European conference on information literacy. Springer, Berlin, pp 833–843
Lucassen T, Schraagen JM (2012) Propensity to trust and the influence of source and medium cues in credibility evaluation. J Inf Sci 38(6):566–577
Abrahao B, Parigi P, Gupta A, Cook KS (2017) Reputation offsets trust judgments based on social biases among airbnb users. Proc Natl Acad Sci 114(37):9848–9853
Dankulov MM, Melnik R, Tadić B (2015) The dynamics of meaningful social interactions and the emergence of collective knowledge. Sci Rep 5(1):1–10. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep12197
Saxena A, Reddy H (2021) Users roles identification on online crowdsourced q&a platforms and encyclopedias: a survey. J Comput Soc Sci 1–33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42001-021-00125-9
Santos T, Walk S, Kern R, Strohmaier M, Helic D (2019) Activity archetypes in question-and-answer (q8a) websites—a study of 50 stack exchange instances. ACM Trans Soc Comput 2(1):1–23. https://doi.org/10.1145/3301612
Slag R, de Waard M, Bacchelli A (2015) One-day flies on stackoverflow-why the vast majority of stackoverflow users only posts once. In: 2015 IEEE/ACM 12th working conference on mining software repositories. IEEE, pp 458–461. https://doi.org/10.1109/MSR.2015.63
Chhabra A, Iyengar SRS (2020) Activity-selection behavior of users in stackexchange websites. In: Companion proceedings of the web conference 2020, pp 105–106. https://doi.org/10.1145/3366424.3382720
Dev H, Geigle C, Hu Q, Zheng J, Sundaram H (2018) The size conundrum: why online knowledge markets can fail at scale. In: Proceedings of the 2018 world wide web conference, pp 65–75. https://doi.org/10.1145/3178876.3186037
Santos T, Walk S, Kern R, Strohmaier M, Helic D (2019) Self-and cross-excitation in stack exchange question & answer communities. In: The world wide web conference, pp 1634–1645. https://doi.org/10.1145/3308558.3313440
Oliver PE, Marwell G (2001) Whatever happened to critical mass theory? A retrospective and assessment. Sociol Theory 19(3):292–311. https://doi.org/10.1111/0735-2751.00142
Smiljanić J, Mitrović Dankulov M (2017) Associative nature of event participation dynamics: a network theory approach. PLoS ONE 12(2):0171565. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0171565
Török J, Kertész J (2017) Cascading collapse of online social networks. Sci Rep 7(1):16743. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-17135-1
Lőrincz L, Koltai J, Győr AF, Takács K (2019) Collapse of an online social network: burning social capital to create it? Soc Netw 57:43–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socnet.2018.11.004
Wasko MM, Faraj S (2005) Why should I share? Examining social capital and knowledge contribution in electronic networks of practice. MIS Q 29(1):35–57. https://doi.org/10.2307/25148667
Hung S-Y, Durcikova A, Lai H-M, Lin W-M (2011) The influence of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation on individuals’ knowledge sharing behavior. Int J Hum-Comput Stud 69(6):415–427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2011.02.004
Rode H (2016) To share or not to share: the effects of extrinsic and intrinsic motivations on knowledge-sharing in enterprise social media platforms. J Inf Technol 31(2):152–165. https://doi.org/10.1057/jit.2016.8
Kairam SR, Wang DJ, Leskovec J (2012) The life and death of online groups: predicting group growth and longevity. In: Proceedings of the fifth ACM international conference on web search and data mining, pp 673–682. https://doi.org/10.1145/2124295.2124374
Boccaletti S, Latora V, Moreno Y, Chavez M, Hwang D-U (2006) Complex networks: structure and dynamics. Phys Rep 424(4–5):175–308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2005.10.009
Gallagher RJ, Young J-G, Welles BF (2021) A clarified typology of core-periphery structure in networks. Sci Adv 7(12):9800. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abc9800
Melnikov A, Lee J, Rivera V, Mazzara M, Longo L (2018) Towards dynamic interaction-based reputation models. In: 2018 IEEE 32nd international conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA), pp 422–428. https://doi.org/10.1109/AINA.2018.00070
Wei X, Chen W, Zhu K (2015) Motivating user contributions in online knowledge communities: virtual rewards and reputation. In: 2015 48th Hawaii international conference on system sciences. IEEE, pp 3760–3769. https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2015.452
Yanovsky S, Hoernle N, Lev O, Gal K (2019) One size does not fit all: badge behavior in q&a sites. In: Proceedings of the 27th ACM conference on user modeling, adaptation and personalization, pp 113–120. https://doi.org/10.1145/3320435.3320438
Santos T, Burghardt K, Lerman K, Helic D (2020) Can badges Foster a more welcoming culture on q&a boards? In: Proceedings of the international AAAI conference on web and social media, vol 14, pp 969–973
Bornfeld B, Rafaeli S (2019) When interaction is valuable: feedback, churn and survival on community question and answer sites: the case of stack exchange. In: Proceedings of the 52nd Hawaii international conference on system sciences
Kang M (2021) Motivational affordances and survival of new askers on social q&a sites: the case of stack exchange network. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.24548
Ahmed S, Yang S, Johri A (2015) Does online q&a activity vary based on topic: a comparison of technical and non-technical stack exchange forums. In: Proceedings of the second (2015) ACM conference on learning@ scale, pp 393–398. https://doi.org/10.1145/2724660.2728701
Chen G, Mok L (2021) Characterizing growth and decline in online ux communities. In: Extended abstracts of the 2021 CHI conference on human factors in computing systems, pp 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1145/3411763.3451646
Posnett D, Warburg E, Devanbu P, Filkov V (2012) Mining stack exchange: expertise is evident from initial contributions. In: 2012 international conference on social informatics. IEEE, pp 199–204. https://doi.org/10.1109/SocialInformatics.2012.67
Pal A, Chang S, Konstan JA (2012) Evolution of experts in question answering communities. In: Sixth international AAAI conference on weblogs and social media
Oliveira N, Muller M, Andrade N, Reinecke K (2018) The exchange in stackexchange: Divergences between stack overflow and its culturally diverse participants. Proc ACM Hum-Comput Interact 2(CSCW):1–22. https://doi.org/10.1145/3274399
Dover Y, Kelman G (2018) Emergence of online communities: empirical evidence and theory. PLoS ONE 13(11):0205167. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0205167
Han X, Cao S, Shen Z, Zhang B, Wang W-X, Cressman R, Stanley HE (2017) Emergence of communities and diversity in social networks. Proc Natl Acad Sci 114(11):2887–2891. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1608164114
Kleineberg K-K, Boguñá M (2015) Digital ecology: coexistence and domination among interacting networks. Sci Rep 5(1):1–11. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep10268
Oliver P, Marwell G, Teixeira R (1985) A theory of the critical mass. I. Interdependence, group heterogeneity, and the production of collective action. Am J Sociol 91(3):522–556. https://doi.org/10.1086/228313
Dunning D, Anderson JE, Schlösser T, Ehlebracht D, Fetchenhauer D (2014) Trust at zero acquaintance: more a matter of respect than expectation of reward, vol 107 pp 122–141. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0036673
Dunning D, Fetchenhauer D, Schlösser T (2019) Why people trust: solved puzzles and open mysteries. Curr Dir Psychol Sci 28(4):366–371. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721419838255
Schilke O, Reimann M, Cook KS (2021) Trust in Social Relations. Annu Rev Sociol 47(1):239–259. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-082120-082850
McEvily B, Zaheer A, Soda G (2021) Network trust. In: Gillespie N, Fulmer A, Lewicki R (eds) Understanding trust in organizations. Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429449185
Aberer K, Despotovic Z (2001) Managing trust in a peer-2-peer information system. In: CIKM’01. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, pp 310–317. https://doi.org/10.1145/502585.502638
Duma C, Shahmehri N, Caronni G (2005) Dynamic trust metrics for peer-to-peer systems. In: 16th international workshop on database and expert systems applications (DEXA’05). IEEE, pp 776–781. https://doi.org/10.1109/DEXA.2005.80
Tschannen-Moran M, Hoy W (2000) A multidisciplinary analysis of the nature, meaning, and measurement of trust. In: Review of educational research, vol 70. American Educational Research Association, pp 547–593. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543070004547
Dover Y, Goldenberg J, Shapira D (2020) Sustainable online communities exhibit distinct hierarchical structures across scales of size. Proc R Soc A 476(2239):20190730. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2019.0730
Orsini C, Dankulov MM, Colomer-de-Simón P, Jamakovic A, Mahadevan P, Vahdat A, Bassler KE, Toroczkai Z, Boguná M, Caldarelli G et al. (2015) Quantifying randomness in real networks. Nat Commun 6(1):8627. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms9627
Backstrom L, Huttenlocher D, Kleinberg J, Lan X (2006) Group formation in large social networks: membership, growth, and evolution. In: Proceedings of the 12th ACM SIGKDD international conference on knowledge discovery and data mining, pp 44–54. https://doi.org/10.1145/1150402.1150412
Centola D, Eguíluz VM, Macy MW (2007) Cascade dynamics of complex propagation. Phys A, Stat Mech Appl 374(1):449–456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2006.06.018
Bollobás B, Riordan OM (2003) Mathematical results on scale-free random graphs. In: Handbook of graphs and networks: from the genome to the Internet, pp 1–34
Fortunato S (2010) Community detection in graphs. Phys Rep 486(3–5):75–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2009.11.002
Saramäki J, Moro E (2015) From seconds to months: an overview of multi-scale dynamics of mobile telephone calls. Eur Phys J B 88(6):1–10. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjb/e2015-60106-6
Krings G, Karsai M, Bernhardsson S, Blondel VD, Saramäki J (2012) Effects of time window size and placement on the structure of an aggregated communication network. EPJ Data Sci 1(1):1. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjds4
Barrat A, Gelardi V, Le Bail D, Claidiere N (2021) From temporal network data to the dynamics of social relationships. Proc R Soc Lond B, Biol Sci 288:20211164. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2021.1164
Arnold NA, Steer B, Hafnaoui I, Parada GHA, Mondragon RJ, Cuadrado F, Clegg RG (2021) Moving with the times: investigating the alt-right network gab with temporal interaction graphs. Proc ACM Hum-Comput Interact 5(CSCW2) 447. https://doi.org/10.1145/3479591
Yashkina E, Pinigin A, Lee J, Mazzara M, Adekotujo AS, Zubair A, Longo L (2019) Expressing trust with temporal frequency of user interaction in online communities. In: Advanced information networking and applications. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15032-7_95