Survivin: A new target for anti-cancer therapy

Cancer Treatment Reviews - Tập 35 Số 7 - Trang 553-562 - 2009
Bríd M. Ryan1,2, Norma O’Donovan3, Michael J. Duffy4,5
1Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program, Office of Preventive Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4258, USA
2Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Centre for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4258, USA
3National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
4Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin 4, Ireland
5UCD School of Medicine and Medical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland

Tóm tắt

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Altieri, 2008, Survivin, cancer networks and pathway-directed drug discovery, Nat Rev Cancer, 81, 61, 10.1038/nrc2293

Li, 2003, Survivin study: what is the next wave?, J Cell Physiol, 1971, 8, 10.1002/jcp.10327

Duffy, 2007, Survivin: a promising tumor biomarker, Cancer Lett, 2491, 49, 10.1016/j.canlet.2006.12.020

Pennati, 2008, Targeting survivin in cancer therapy, Expert Opin Ther Targets, 124, 463, 10.1517/14728222.12.4.463

Hunter, 2007, The inhibitors of apoptosis (IAPs) as cancer targets, Apoptosis, 129, 1543, 10.1007/s10495-007-0087-3

Schimmer, 2004, Inhibitor of apoptosis proteins: translating basic knowledge into clinical practice, Cancer Res, 6420, 7183, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-1918

Crook, 1993, An apoptosis-inhibiting baculovirus gene with a zinc finger-like motif, J Virol, 674, 2168, 10.1128/jvi.67.4.2168-2174.1993

Deveraux, 1999, IAP family proteins – suppressors of apoptosis, Genes Dev, 133, 239, 10.1101/gad.13.3.239

Ambrosini, 1997, A novel anti-apoptosis gene, survivin, expressed in cancer and lymphoma, Nat Med, 38, 917, 10.1038/nm0897-917

Verdecia, 2000, Structure of the human anti-apoptotic protein survivin reveals a dimeric arrangement, Nat Struct Biol, 77, 602

Chantalat, 2000, Crystal structure of human survivin reveals a bow tie-shaped dimer with two unusual alpha-helical extensions, Mol Cell, 61, 183, 10.1016/S1097-2765(05)00020-1

Mahotka, 1999, Survivin-deltaEx3 and survivin-2B: two novel splice variants of the apoptosis inhibitor survivin with different antiapoptotic properties, Cancer Res, 5924, 6097

Badran, 2004, Identification of a novel splice variant of the human anti-apoptopsis gene survivin, Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 3143, 902, 10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.12.178

Caldas, 2005, Survivin 2alpha: a novel Survivin splice variant expressed in human malignancies, Mol Cancer, 41, 11, 10.1186/1476-4598-4-11

Li, 2005, Role of survivin and its splice variants in tumorigenesis, Brit J Cancer, 922, 212, 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602340

Sampath, 2007, Alternative splice variants of survivin as potential targets in cancer, Curr Drug Discov Technol, 43, 174, 10.2174/157016307782109652

Tamm, 1998, IAP-family protein survivin inhibits caspase activity and apoptosis induced by Fas (CD95), Bax, caspases, and anticancer drugs, Cancer Res, 5823, 5315

Suzuki, 2000, Survivin initiates procaspase 3/p21 complex formation as a result of interaction with Cdk4 to resist Fas-mediated cell death, Oncogene, 1910, 1346, 10.1038/sj.onc.1203429

Mirza, 2002, Human survivin is negatively regulated by wild-type p53 and participates in p53-dependent apoptotic pathway, Oncogene, 2117, 2613, 10.1038/sj.onc.1205353

Zaffaroni, 2002, Expression of the anti-apoptotic gene survivin correlates with taxol resistance in human ovarian cancer, Cell Mol Life Sci, 598, 1406, 10.1007/s00018-002-8518-3

Azuhata, 2006, Survivin inhibits apoptosis induced by TRAIL, and the ratio between survivin and TRAIL receptors is predictive of recurrent disease in neuroblastoma, J Pediat Surg, 418, 1431, 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2006.04.020

Wright, 2000, Caspase-3 and inhibitor of apoptosis protein(s) interactions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and mammalian cells, FEBS Lett, 4811, 13, 10.1016/S0014-5793(00)01962-1

Grossman, 2001, Transgenic expression of survivin in keratinocytes counteracts UVB-induced apoptosis and cooperates with loss of p53, J Clin Invest, 1087, 991, 10.1172/JCI13345

Yamamoto, 2002, Downregulation of survivin expression by induction of the effector cell protease receptor-1 reduces tumor growth potential and results in an increased sensitivity to anticancer agents in human colon cancer, Eur J Cancer, 3817, 2316, 10.1016/S0959-8049(02)00247-2

Dean, 2007, Novel therapeutic targets in lung cancer: inhibitor of apoptosis proteins from laboratory to clinic, Cancer Treat Rev, 332, 203, 10.1016/j.ctrv.2006.11.002

Salvesen, 2002, IAP proteins: blocking the road to death’s door, Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, 36, 401, 10.1038/nrm830

Kobayashi, 1999, Expression of a murine homologue of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein is related to cell proliferation, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 964, 1457, 10.1073/pnas.96.4.1457

O’Connor, 2000, Regulation of apoptosis at cell division by p34cdc2 phosphorylation of survivin, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 9724, 13103, 10.1073/pnas.240390697

Li, 1999, Pleiotropic cell-division defects and apoptosis induced by interference with survivin function, Nat Cell Biol, 18, 461, 10.1038/70242

Shin, 2001, An anti-apoptotic protein human survivin is a direct inhibitor of caspase-3 and -7, Biochemistry, 404, 1117, 10.1021/bi001603q

Conway, 2002, Deficiency of survivin in transgenic mice exacerbates Fas-induced apoptosis via mitochondrial pathways, Gastroenterology, 1232, 619, 10.1053/gast.2002.34753

Banks, 2000, Survivin does not inhibit caspase-3 activity, Blood, 9612, 4002, 10.1182/blood.V96.12.4002

Li, 2008, Chemically synthesized human survivin does not inhibit caspase-3, Protein Sci, 17, 1624, 10.1110/ps.036145.108

Eckelman, 2006, Human inhibitor of apoptosis proteins: why XIAP is the black sheep of the family, EMBO Rep, 710, 988, 10.1038/sj.embor.7400795

Dohi, 2004, Mitochondrial survivin inhibits apoptosis and promotes tumorigenesis, J Clin Invest, 1148, 1117, 10.1172/JCI200422222

Marusawa, 2003, HBXIP functions as a cofactor of survivin in apoptosis suppression, EMBO J, 2211, 2729, 10.1093/emboj/cdg263

Xia, 2006, Mitosis-independent survivin gene expression in vivo and regulation by p53, Cancer Res, 667, 3392, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-4537

Verhagen, 2000, Identification of DIABLO, a mammalian protein that promotes apoptosis by binding to and antagonizing IAP proteins, Cell, 1021, 43, 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)00009-X

Du, 2000, Smac, a mitochondrial protein that promotes cytochrome c-dependent caspase activation by eliminating IAP inhibition, Cell, 1021, 33, 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)00008-8

Yang, 2004, Cell division and cell survival in the absence of survivin, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 10142, 15100, 10.1073/pnas.0406665101

Okada, 2004, Pathways of apoptotic and non-apoptotic death in tumour cells, Nat Rev Cancer, 48, 592, 10.1038/nrc1412

Vader, 2006, Survivin mediates targeting of the chromosomal passenger complex to the centromere and midbody, EMBO Rep, 71, 85, 10.1038/sj.embor.7400562

Ruchaud, 2007, The chromosomal passenger complex: one for all and all for one, Cell, 1312, 230, 10.1016/j.cell.2007.10.002

Ruchaud, 2007, Chromosomal passengers: conducting cell division, Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, 810, 798, 10.1038/nrm2257

Li, 1999, Transcriptional analysis of human survivin gene expression, Biochem J, 344, 305, 10.1042/bj3440305

Caldas, 2005, Survivin splice variants regulate the balance between proliferation and cell death, Oncogene, 2412, 1994, 10.1038/sj.onc.1208350

Noton, 2006, Molecular analysis of survivin isoforms: evidence that alternatively spliced variants do not play a role in mitosis, J Biol Chem, 2812, 1286, 10.1074/jbc.M508773200

Jeyaprakash, 2007, Structure of a Survivin–Borealin–INCENP core complex reveals how chromosomal passengers travel together, Cell, 1312, 271, 10.1016/j.cell.2007.07.045

Velculescu, 1999, Analysis of human transcriptomes, Nat Genet, 234, 387, 10.1038/70487

Aoki, 2003, Inhibition of STAT3 signaling induces apoptosis and decreases survivin expression in primary effusion lymphoma, Blood, 1014, 1535, 10.1182/blood-2002-07-2130

Sommer, 2003, Inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) survivin is upregulated by oncogenic c–H–Ras, Oncogene, 2227, 4266, 10.1038/sj.onc.1206509

Hoffman, 2002, Transcriptional repression of the anti-apoptotic survivin gene by wild type p53, J Biol Chem, 2775, 3247, 10.1074/jbc.M106643200

Zhang, 2001, Evidence that APC regulates survivin expression: a possible mechanism contributing to the stem cell origin of colon cancer, Cancer Res, 6124, 8664

Koul, 2006, PTEN enhances TNF-induced apoptosis through modulation of nuclear factor-kappaB signaling pathway in human glioma cells, Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 3502, 463, 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.09.077

Bergers, 2003, Tumorigenesis and the angiogenic switch, Nat Rev Cancer, 36, 401, 10.1038/nrc1093

O’Connor, 2000, Control of apoptosis during angiogenesis by survivin expression in endothelial cells, Am J Pathol, 1562, 393, 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)64742-6

Tran, 2002, A role for survivin in chemoresistance of endothelial cells mediated by VEGF, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 997, 4349, 10.1073/pnas.072586399

Tran, 1999, Marked induction of the IAP family antiapoptotic proteins survivin and XIAP by VEGF in vascular endothelial cells, Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2643, 781, 10.1006/bbrc.1999.1589

Conway, 2003, Survivin-dependent angiogenesis in ischemic brain: molecular mechanisms of hypoxia-induced up-regulation, Am J Pathol, 1633, 935, 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)63453-0

Kawasaki, 2001, Expression of survivin correlates with apoptosis, proliferation, and angiogenesis during human colorectal tumorigenesis, Cancer, 9111, 2026, 10.1002/1097-0142(20010601)91:11<2026::AID-CNCR1228>3.0.CO;2-E

Blanc-Brude, 2003, Therapeutic targeting of the survivin pathway in cancer: initiation of mitochondrial apoptosis and suppression of tumor-associated angiogenesis, Clin Cancer Res, 97, 2683

Tu, 2003, Suppression of survivin expression inhibits in vivo tumorigenicity and angiogenesis in gastric cancer, Cancer Res, 6322, 7724

Altieri, 2003, Survivin, versatile modulation of cell division and apoptosis in cancer, Oncogene, 2253, 8581, 10.1038/sj.onc.1207113

Fesik, 2005, Promoting apoptosis as a strategy for cancer drug discovery, Nat Rev Cancer, 511, 876, 10.1038/nrc1736

Pennati, 2007, Targeting survivin in cancer therapy: fulfilled promises and open questions, Carcinogenesis, 286, 1133, 10.1093/carcin/bgm047

Asanuma, 2000, Survivin as a radioresistance factor in pancreatic cancer, Jpn J Cancer Res, 9111, 1204, 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2000.tb00906.x

Rodel, 2003, Spontaneous and radiation-induced apoptosis in colorectal carcinoma cells with different intrinsic radiosensitivities: survivin as a radioresistance factor, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 555, 1341, 10.1016/S0360-3016(02)04618-7

Chakravarti, 2004, Survivin enhances radiation resistance in primary human glioblastoma cells via caspase-independent mechanisms, Oncogene, 2345, 7494, 10.1038/sj.onc.1208049

Paik, 2004, A multigene assay to predict recurrence of tamoxifen-treated, node-negative breast cancer, N Engl J Med, 35127, 2817, 10.1056/NEJMoa041588

Biroccio, 2003, The future of antisense therapy: combination with anticancer treatments, Oncogene, 2242, 6579, 10.1038/sj.onc.1206812

He, 2007, Inhibiting survivin expression enhances TRAIL-induced tumoricidal activity in human hepatocellular carcinoma via cell cycle arrest, Cancer Biol Ther, 68, 1247

Kojima, 2006, Enhancement of Cisplatin sensitivity in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck transfected with a survivin antisense gene, Arch Otolaryngol – Head Neck Surg, 1326, 682, 10.1001/archotol.132.6.682

Sharma, 2005, Antisense-mediated downregulation of anti-apoptotic proteins induces apoptosis and sensitizes head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells to chemotherapy, Cancer Biol Ther, 47, 720, 10.4161/cbt.4.7.1783

Carter, 2006, Regulation of survivin expression through Bcr–Abl/MAPK cascade: targeting survivin overcomes imatinib resistance and increases imatinib sensitivity in imatinib-responsive CML cells, Blood, 1074, 1555, 10.1182/blood-2004-12-4704

Fisker, 2007, Survivin mRNA antagonists using locked nucleic Acid, potential for molecular cancer therapy, Nucleos Nucleot Nucl Acid, 2610, 1427, 10.1080/15257770701542132

Hayashi, 2005, Adenoviral infection of survivin antisense sensitizes prostate cancer cells to etoposide in vivo, Prostate, 651, 10, 10.1002/pros.20232

Olie, 2000, A novel antisense oligonucleotide targeting survivin expression induces apoptosis and sensitizes lung cancer cells to chemotherapy, Cancer Res, 6011, 2805

Kim, 2007, Inhibition of survivin and aurora B kinase sensitizes mesothelioma cells by enhancing mitotic arrests, Int J Rad Oncol Biol Phys, 675, 1519, 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2006.12.018

Sah, 2006, Effect of downregulation of survivin expression on radiosensitivity of human epidermoid carcinoma cells, Int J Rad Oncol Biol Phys, 663, 852, 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2006.06.049

Kanwar, 2001, Effects of survivin antagonists on growth of established tumors and B7-1 immunogene therapy, J Natl Cancer Inst, 9320, 1541, 10.1093/jnci/93.20.1541

Talbot D, Davies J, Callies S, et al. First human dose study evaluating safety and pharmacokinetics of LY2181308, an antisense oligonucleotide designed to inhibit survivin. In: ASCO annual meeting: J Clin Oncol: Abst No 3518, vol. 26; 2008.

Puerta-Fernandez, 2003, Ribozymes: recent advances in the development of RNA tools, FEMS Microbiol Rev, 271, 75, 10.1016/S0168-6445(03)00020-2

Pennati, 2003, Radiosensitization of human melanoma cells by ribozyme-mediated inhibition of survivin expression, J Invest Dermatol, 1204, 648, 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2003.12082.x

Pennati, 2002, Ribozyme-mediated attenuation of survivin expression sensitizes human melanoma cells to cisplatin-induced apoptosis, J Clin Invest, 1092, 285, 10.1172/JCI0214891

Pennati, 2004, Ribozyme-mediated down-regulation of survivin expression sensitizes human melanoma cells to topotecan in vitro and in vivo, Carcinogenesis, 257, 1129, 10.1093/carcin/bgh107

Pennati, 2004, Ribozyme-mediated inhibition of survivin expression increases spontaneous and drug-induced apoptosis and decreases the tumorigenic potential of human prostate cancer cells, Oncogene, 232, 386, 10.1038/sj.onc.1207071

Liu, 2007, Phi29 pRNA vector for efficient escort of hammerhead ribozyme targeting survivin in multiple cancer cells, Cancer Biol Ther, 65, 697, 10.4161/cbt.6.5.3962

Aagaard, 2007, RNAi therapeutics: principles, prospects and challenges, Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 592–3, 75, 10.1016/j.addr.2007.03.005

Novina, 2008, RNA-directed therapy: the next step in the miRNA revolution, Oncologist, 131, 1, 10.1634/theoncologist.2007-0236

Carvalho, 2003, Survivin is required for stable checkpoint activation in taxol-treated HeLa cells, J Cell Sci, 116, 2987, 10.1242/jcs.00612

Ling, 2004, Silencing of antiapoptotic survivin gene by multiple approaches of RNA interference technology, Biotechniques, 363, 6

Ai, 2006, Inhibition of survivin reduces cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in human endometrial cancer, Cancer, 1074, 746, 10.1002/cncr.22044

Paduano, 2006, Silencing of survivin gene by small interfering RNAs produces supra-additive growth suppression in combination with 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin in human prostate cancer cells, Mol Cancer Therapeut, 51, 179, 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-05-0132

Nakao, 2006, Survivin downregulation by siRNA sensitizes human hepatoma cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis, Oncol Report, 162, 389

Lens, 2003, Survivin is required for a sustained spindle checkpoint arrest in response to lack of tension, EMBO J, 2212, 2934, 10.1093/emboj/cdg307

Beltrami, 2004, Acute ablation of survivin uncovers p53-dependent mitotic checkpoint functions and control of mitochondrial apoptosis, J Biol Chem, 2793, 2077, 10.1074/jbc.M309479200

Jiang, 2006, Lentivirus-mediated gene therapy by suppressing survivin in BALB/c nude mice bearing oral squamous cell carcinoma, Cancer Biol Ther, 54, 435, 10.4161/cbt.5.4.2542

Zhen, 2007, Short hairpin RNA targeting survivin inhibits growth and angiogenesis of glioma U251 cells, Int J Oncol, 315, 1111

Miao, 2007, Downregulation of survivin by RNAi inhibits growth of human gastric carcinoma cells, World J Gastroenterol, 138, 1170, 10.3748/wjg.v13.i8.1170

Song, 2008, Survivin gene RNA interference inhibits proliferation, induces apoptosis, and enhances radiosensitivity in HeLa cells, Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 1361, 83, 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2006.07.057

Huynh, 2006, Transcriptional targeting of small interfering RNAs into cancer cells, Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 3504, 854, 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.09.127

Kappler, 2005, Radiosensitization, after a combined treatment of survivin siRNA and irradiation, is correlated with the activation of caspases 3 and 7 in a wt-p53 sarcoma cell line, but not in a mt-p53 sarcoma cell line, Oncol Rep, 131, 167

Yonesaka, 2006, Small interfering RNA targeting survivin sensitizes lung cancer cell with mutant p53 to adriamycin, Int J Cancer, 1184, 812, 10.1002/ijc.21350

Croci, 2008, Silencing survivin gene expression promotes apoptosis of human breast cancer cells through a caspase-independent pathway, J Cell Biochem, 105, 381, 10.1002/jcb.21836

Grossman, 1999, Expression and targeting of the apoptosis inhibitor, survivin, in human melanoma, J Invest Dermatol, 1136, 1076, 10.1046/j.1523-1747.1999.00776.x

Mesri, 2001, Cancer gene therapy using a survivin mutant adenovirus, J Clin Invest, 1087, 981, 10.1172/JCI200112983

Grossman, 2001, Inhibition of melanoma tumor growth in vivo by survivin targeting, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 982, 635, 10.1073/pnas.98.2.635

McKay, 2003, Procaspase 3 expression in ovarian carcinoma cells increases survivin transcription which can be countered with a dominant-negative mutant, survivin T34A; a combination gene therapy strategy, Oncogene, 2223, 3539, 10.1038/sj.onc.1206417

Peng, 2008, Efficient inhibition of murine breast cancer growth and metastasis by gene transferred mouse survivin Thr34–>Ala mutant, J Exp Clin Cancer Res, 27, 46, 10.1186/1756-9966-27-46

Zhao, 2000, The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway regulates survivin degradation in a cell cycle-dependent manner, J Cell Sci, 113, 4363, 10.1242/jcs.113.23.4363

O’Connor, 2002, A p34(cdc2) survival checkpoint in cancer, Cancer Cell, 21, 43, 10.1016/S1535-6108(02)00084-3

Altieri, 2003, Validating survivin as a cancer therapeutic target, Nat Rev Cancer, 31, 46, 10.1038/nrc968

Zhang, 2008, A survivin double point mutant has potent inhibitory effect on the growth of hepatocellular cancer cells, Cancer Biol Ther, 74, 547, 10.4161/cbt.7.4.5484

Nakahara, 2007, YM155, a novel small-molecule survivin suppressant, induces regression of established human hormone-refractory prostate tumor xenografts, Cancer Res, 6717, 8014, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-1343

Cheng Q, Ling X, Wu J, et al. The novel small chemical molecule YM155 is a bona fide survivin transcription inhibitor and acts on the survivin proximal promoter region: inhibition of survivin promoter activity by YM155 is cell cycle-independent. In: Proc of the 99th annual meeting of the Am Assoc of Cancer Res: Abst No 1848; 2008.

Plescia, 2005, Rational design of shepherdin, a novel anticancer agent, Cancer Cell, 75, 457, 10.1016/j.ccr.2005.03.035

Chang, 2004, Tetra-O-methyl nordihydroguaiaretic acid induces growth arrest and cellular apoptosis by inhibiting Cdc2 and survivin expression, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 10136, 13239, 10.1073/pnas.0405407101

Smolewski, 2008, Terameprocol, a novel site-specific transcription inhibitor with anticancer activity, IDrugs, 113, 204

Lopez, 2007, The anticancer activity of the transcription inhibitor terameprocol (meso-tetra-O-methyl nordihydroguaiaretic acid) formulated for systemic administration, Anti-Cancer Drug, 188, 933, 10.1097/CAD.0b013e32813148e0

Khanna, 2007, Phase I/II clinical safety studies of terameprocol vaginal ointment, Gynecol Oncol, 1073, 554, 10.1016/j.ygyno.2007.08.074

Rosenberg, 2001, Progress in human tumour immunology and immunotherapy, Nature, 4116835, 380, 10.1038/35077246

Gattinoni, 2006, Adoptive immunotherapy for cancer: building on success, Nat Rev Immunol, 65, 383, 10.1038/nri1842

Zhu, 2007, Survivin DNA vaccine generated specific antitumor effects in pancreatic carcinoma and lymphoma mouse models, Vaccine, 2546, 7955, 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.08.050

Xiang, 2005, A DNA vaccine targeting survivin combines apoptosis with suppression of angiogenesis in lung tumor eradication, Cancer Res, 652, 553, 10.1158/0008-5472.553.65.2

Fuessel, 2006, Vaccination of hormone-refractory prostate cancer patients with peptide cocktail-loaded dendritic cells: results of a phase I clinical trial, Prostate, 668, 811, 10.1002/pros.20404

Otto, 2005, Lack of toxicity of therapy-induced T cell responses against the universal tumour antigen survivin, Vaccine, 237, 884, 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.08.007

Wobser, 2006, Complete remission of liver metastasis of pancreatic cancer under vaccination with a HLA–A2 restricted peptide derived from the universal tumor antigen survivin, Cancer Immunol Immunother, 5510, 1294, 10.1007/s00262-005-0102-x

Tsuruma, 2004, Phase I clinical study of anti-apoptosis protein, survivin-derived peptide vaccine therapy for patients with advanced or recurrent colorectal cancer, J Trans Med, 21, 19, 10.1186/1479-5876-2-19

Tsuruma, 2008, Clinical and immunological evaluation of anti-apoptosis protein, survivin-derived peptide vaccine in phase I clinical study for patients with advanced or recurrent breast cancer, J Trans Med, 6, 24, 10.1186/1479-5876-6-24

Wang R, Wang X, Li B, et al. Tumor-specific adenovirus-mediated PUMA gene transfer using the survivin promoter enhances radiosensitivity of breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2008 Sep 13. Epub ahead of print.

Bao, 2002, Activation of cancer-specific gene expression by the survivin promoter, J Natl Cancer Inst, 947, 522, 10.1093/jnci/94.7.522

Chen, 2004, Cancer-specific activation of the survivin promoter and its potential use in gene therapy, Cancer Gene Ther, 1111, 740, 10.1038/sj.cgt.7700752

Nandi, 2008, Low-dose radiation enhances survivin-mediated virotherapy against malignant glioma stem cells, Cancer Res, 6814, 5778, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-6441

Wang, 2007, The therapeutic potential of survivin promoter-driven siRNA on suppressing tumor growth and enhancing radiosensitivity of human cervical carcinoma cells via downregulating hTERT gene expression, Cancer Biol Ther, 68, 1295

Singh, 2008, Oral silibinin inhibits in vivo human bladder tumor xenograft growth involving down-regulation of survivin, Clin Cancer Res, 141, 300, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-07-1565

Tyagi, 2007, Et al. Chemopreventive effects of silymarin and silibinin on N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine induced urinary bladder carcinogenesis in male ICR mice, Mol Cancer Ther, 612, 3248, 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-07-2006

Tyagi, 2003, Silibinin down-regulates survivin protein and mRNA expression and causes caspases activation and apoptosis in human bladder transitional-cell papilloma RT4 cells, Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 3124, 1178, 10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.11.038

Wall, 2003, Suppression of survivin phosphorylation on Thr34 by flavopiridol enhances tumor cell apoptosis, Cancer Res, 631, 230

Harikumar, 2008, Resveratrol: a multitargeted agent for age-associated chronic diseases, Cell Cycle (Georgetown, Tex), 78, 1020, 10.4161/cc.7.8.5740

Fulda, 2004, Sensitization for anticancer drug-induced apoptosis by the chemopreventive agent resveratrol, Oncogene, 2340, 6702, 10.1038/sj.onc.1207630

Fulda, 2004, Sensitization for tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-induced apoptosis by the chemopreventive agent resveratrol, Cancer Res, 641, 337, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-03-1656

Fulda, 2005, Resveratrol-mediated sensitisation to TRAIL-induced apoptosis depends on death receptor and mitochondrial signalling, Eur J Cancer, 415, 786, 10.1016/j.ejca.2004.12.020

Zhang, 2004, The chemopreventive agent sulindac attenuates expression of the antiapoptotic protein survivin in colorectal carcinoma cells, J Pharmacol Experiment Therapeut, 3082, 434, 10.1124/jpet.103.059378

Sakoguchi-Okada, 2007, Celecoxib inhibits the expression of survivin via the suppression of promoter activity in human colon cancer cells, Biochem Pharmacol, 739, 1318, 10.1016/j.bcp.2006.12.033

Rayman, 2005, Selenium in cancer prevention: a review of the evidence and mechanism of action, Proc Nutr Society, 644, 527, 10.1079/PNS2005467

Chun, 2007, Selenium inhibition of survivin expression by preventing Sp1 binding to its promoter, Mol Cancer Ther, 69, 2572, 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-07-0172

National Cancer Institute. The SELECT prostate cancer prevention trial; 2008. Available from: <http://www.cancer.gov/select> [accessed 28.10.08].

Vogel, 2006, Effects of tamoxifen vs raloxifene on the risk of developing invasive breast cancer and other disease outcomes: the NSABP Study of Tamoxifen and Raloxifene (STAR) P-2 trial, JAMA, 29523, 2727, 10.1001/jama.295.23.joc60074

Nakayama, 2000, Tamoxifen and gonadal steroids inhibit colon cancer growth in association with inhibition of thymidylate synthase, survivin and telomerase expression through estrogen receptor beta mediated system, Cancer Lett, 1611, 63, 10.1016/S0304-3835(00)00600-5

Fukuda, 2006, Survivin, a cancer target with an emerging role in normal adult tissues, Mol Cancer Ther, 55, 1087, 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-05-0375

Chiou, 2003, Survivin expression in the stomach: implications for mucosal integrity and protection, Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 3052, 374, 10.1016/S0006-291X(03)00724-1

Marconi, 2007, Survivin identifies keratinocyte stem cells and is downregulated by anti-beta1 integrin during anoikis, Stem Cells (Dayton, Ohio), 251, 149, 10.1634/stemcells.2006-0165

Frost, 2002, Immunohistochemical localization of survivin in benign cervical mucosa, cervical dysplasia, and invasive squamous cell carcinoma, Am J Clin Pathol, 1175, 738, 10.1309/6V09-38K3-JQ40-UR50

Tolcher AW, Antonia S, Lewis LD, et al. A phase I study of YM155, a novel survivin suppressant, administered by 168 hours continuous infusion to patients with advanced solid tumors. In: Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 42nd annual meeting; 2006.

Nakagawa K, Satoh T, Okamoto I, et al. Phase I study of YM155, a first-in-class survivin suppressant, in patients with advanced solid tumors in Japan. In: 2007 ASCO annual meeting Proc (J Clin Oncol); 2007.

Miranda, 2003, Differential activation of apoptosis regulatory pathways during monocytic vs granulocytic differentiation: a requirement for Bcl–X(L)and XIAP in the prolonged survival of monocytic cells, Leukemia, 172, 390, 10.1038/sj.leu.2402779

Cong, 2004, Survivin and leukemia, Int J Hematol, 803, 232, 10.1532/IJH97.A10408

Leung, 2007, Requirements for survivin in terminal differentiation of erythroid cells and maintenance of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, J Exp Med, 2047, 1603, 10.1084/jem.20062395

Fukuda, 2001, Regulation of the inhibitor-of-apoptosis family member survivin in normal cord blood and bone marrow CD34(+) cells by hematopoietic growth factors: implication of survivin expression in normal hematopoiesis, Blood, 987, 2091, 10.1182/blood.V98.7.2091

Fukuda, 2002, The antiapoptosis protein survivin is associated with cell cycle entry of normal cord blood CD34(+) cells and modulates cell cycle and proliferation of mouse hematopoietic progenitor cells, Blood, 1007, 2463, 10.1182/blood.V100.7.2463

Fukuda, 2004, Survivin regulates hematopoietic progenitor cell proliferation through p21WAF1/Cip1-dependent and -independent pathways, Blood, 1031, 120, 10.1182/blood-2003-05-1756

Visvader, 2008, Cancer stem cells in solid tumours: accumulating evidence and unresolved questions, Nat Rev Cancer, 810, 755, 10.1038/nrc2499

Pardal, 2003, Applying the principles of stem-cell biology to cancer, Nat Rev Cancer, 312, 895, 10.1038/nrc1232

Fodde, 2007, Wnt/beta-catenin signaling in cancer stemness and malignant behavior, Curr Opin Cell Biol, 192, 150, 10.1016/j.ceb.2007.02.007

Lee, 2008, Molecular dependence of estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer on a notch-survivin signaling axis, Cancer Res, 6813, 5273, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-6673

Klaus, 2008, Wnt signalling and its impact on development and cancer, Nat Rev Cancer, 85, 387, 10.1038/nrc2389

Radtke, 2003, The role of Notch in tumorigenesis: oncogene or tumour suppressor?, Nat Rev Cancer, 310, 756, 10.1038/nrc1186

Harlin, 2001, Characterization of XIAP-deficient mice, Mol Cell Biol, 2110, 3604, 10.1128/MCB.21.10.3604-3608.2001

Konopleva, 2000, Liposomal Bcl-2 antisense oligonucleotides enhance proliferation, sensitize acute myeloid leukemia to cytosine–arabinoside, and induce apoptosis independent of other antiapoptotic proteins, Blood, 9512, 3929, 10.1182/blood.V95.12.3929

Wang, 2002, Characterization of an anti-apoptotic glycoprotein encoded by Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus which resembles a spliced variant of human survivin, EMBO J, 2111, 2602, 10.1093/emboj/21.11.2602

Zhu, 2004, An alternatively spliced survivin variant is positively regulated by p53 and sensitizes leukemia cells to chemotherapy, Oncogene, 2345, 7545, 10.1038/sj.onc.1208038

Ling, 2007, Forced expression of survivin-2B abrogates mitotic cells and induces mitochondria-dependent apoptosis by blockade of tubulin polymerization and modulation of Bcl-2, Bax, and survivin, J Biol Chem, 28237, 27204, 10.1074/jbc.M705161200

Kappler, 2007, The effects of knockdown of wild-type survivin, survivin-2B or survivin-delta3 on the radiosensitization in a soft tissue sarcoma cells in vitro under different oxygen conditions, Cancer Gene Ther, 1412, 994, 10.1038/sj.cgt.7701090

Wuttig, 2007, Are overexpressed alternative survivin transcripts in human bladder cancer suitable targets for siRNA-mediated in vitro inhibition?, Int J Oncol, 306, 1317