Survey of approaches to improve reliability in lca

De Smet B, Stalmans M (1996): LCI Data and Data Quality. Thoughts and Considerations. Int J LCA 1 (2) 96–104

USEPA (1995): Guidelines for Assessing the Quality of Life Cycle Inventory Analysis. Office of Solid Waste, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA

Ross S, Evans D, Webber M (2001): How LCA Studies Deal with Uncertainty. Int J LCA 7 (1) 47–52

ISO (1997): Environmental Management—Life Cycle Assessment—Principles and Framework. ISO 14040:1997

ISO (1998): Environmental Management—Life Cycle Assessment—Goal and Scope Definition and Inventory Analysis. ISO 14041:1998

ISO (2000): Environmental Management—Life Cycle assessment—Life Cycle Interpretation. ISO 14043:2000

Huijbregts M (2000): Modelling Data Uncertainty in Life Cycle Inventories. Draft paper prepared for the SETAC Data quality workgroup

Huijbregts M (1998a): Application of Uncertainty and Variability in LCA. Part I: A general Framework for the Analysis of Uncer-tainty and Variability in Life Cycle Assessment. Int J LCA 3 (5) 273–280

Pohl C, Roš M, Waldeck B, Dinkel F (1996): Imprecicion and Un- certainty in LCA. In: Schaltegger S (ed) Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)—Quo Vadis? Birkhauser Verlag, Berlin, Germany

Weidema BP, Frees N, Nielsen A-M (1999): Marginal Production Technologies for Life Cycle Inventories. Int J LCA 4 (1) 48–56

Lindfors L-G, Christiansen K, Hoffman L, Virtanen Y, Juntilla V Hanssen O-J, Rønning A, Ekvall T, Finnveden G (1995): Data Quality. Technical report no 5, TemaNord 1995:502, Nordic Council of Ministers. Copenhagen, Denmark

Finnveden G (1999): Methodological Aspects of Life Cycle Assessment of Integrated Solid Waste Management Systems. Resources, Conservation, and Recycling 26, 173–187

Hoffman L, Weidema BP, Kristiansen K, Ersbøll AK (1995): Statistical Analysis and Uncertainties in Relation to LCA. Special report no 1 in TemaNord 1995:503, Nordic Council of Ministers. Copenhagen, Denmark

Finnveden G (2000): On the limitations of Life Cycle Assessment and Environmental Systems Analysis Tools in General. Int J LCA 5 (4) 229–238

Steen B (1997a): The EPS-system. An Overview. CPM-report 1997:2. Centrum för produktrelaterad miljöanalys, Chalmers Tekniska Högskola. Gothenburg, Sweden

SETAC (1997): Life-Cycle Impact Assessment: The State-of-the-Art. Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC), USA

Weidema BP, Wesnæs MS (1996): Data Quality Management for Life Cycle Inventories—An Example of Using Data Quality Indicators. J Cleaner Prod 4 (3-4) 167–174

Pålsson AC (1999): Introduction and Guide to LCA Data Documentation Using the CPM Documentation Criteria and the SPINE Format. Centre for Environmental Assessment of Product and Material Systems, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden

Weidema BP (1999): SPOLD ′99 Format—An Electronic Format for Exchange of LCI Data. Available at http://www.spold.org/publ/ index.html (September 2000)

Weidema BP (1998): Multi-User Test of the Data Quality Matrix for Product Life Cycle Inventory Data. Int J LCA 3 (5) 259–265

Kennedy D J, Montgomery D C, Quay B H (1996): Data Quality. Stochastic Environmental Life Cycle Assessment Modeling. Int J LCA 1 (4) 199–207

Raynolds MA Checkel MD, Fraser RA (1998): Uncertainty, Sensitivity and Data Quality Assessment for Life Cycle Value Assessment. SAE Special Publications, SP-1342, Proceedings of the 1998 International Congress and Exposition, Design and Manufacture for the Environment, Feb 1998, Detroit, MI, USA, 207–215

Almemark M, Bjuggren C, Granath J, Olsson J, Röttorp J, Lindfors LG (2000): Analysis and Development of the Interpretation Process in LCA. IVL B Report 1375. Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Stockholm, Sweden

Steen B (1997b): On Uncertainty and Sensitivity of LCA-Based Priority Setting. J Cleaner Prod 5 (4) 255–262

SETAC (2000): List of Definitions. Working paper from SETAC LCA Workgroup: Data Availability and Data Quality

Maurice B, Frischknecht R, Coelho-Schwirtz V, Hungerbüler K (2000): Uncertainty Analysis in Life Cycle Inventory. Applications to the Production of Electricity with French Coal Power Plants. J Cleaner Prod 8, 95–108

Heijungs R (1996): Identification of Key Issues for Further Investigation in Improving the Reliability of Life Cycle Assessments. J Cleaner Prod 4 (3-4) 159–166

Huijbregts M (1998b): Application of Uncertainty and Variability in LCA. Part II: Dealing with Parameter Uncertainty and Uncertainty due to Choices in Life Cycle Assessment. Int J LCA 3 (6) 343–351

Harrison K, Ranjithan R (1999): Uncertainty Issues in Environmental Modeling & Decision-making. Presented at the International Expert Group on Life Cycle assessment for Integrated Waste Management Workshop, May 13–14 1999. Raleigh, NC, USA

Asbjørnsen OA (1995): Quality Assurance and Control (QAC) of Uncertainty Models and Simulations of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Uncertainty Modeling and Analysis, September 17–20, 1995, Maryland/ Los Alamitos, CA, USA

Kusko BH, Hunt RG (1997): Managing Uncertainty in Life Cycle Inventories. SAE Special Publications, Proceedings of the 1997 International Congress and Exposition, Feb 24–27, Detroit, MI, USA, 65–68

Kennedy DJ, Montgomery DC, Rollier DA, Keats JB (1997): Data Quality. Assessing Input Data Uncertainty in Life Cycle Assessment Inventory Models. Int J LCA 12 (4) 229–239

Hedbrant J, Sörme L (2000): Data Vagueness and Uncertainties in Urban Heavy-Metal Data Collection. Accepted for publication in Water, Air and Soil Pollution

Chevalier J-L, Le Teno J-F (1996): Life Cycle Analysis with IllDefined Data and its Application to Building Products. Int J LCA 1 (2) 90–96

Rønning A, Hanssen OJ, Møller H (1993): Life Cycle Assessment of Two Paint Products. Report OR.76.93, Stiftelsen Østfoldforskning, Fredrikstad, Norway

Petersen EB (1997): Life-Cycle Assesment of Building Components—Handling Uncertainty in LCAs. In: Proceedings of 2nd International Conference Buildings and the Environment, June 1997, Paris, France

Beccali G, Beccali M, Cellura M (1997): Fuzzy Set Application in Life Cycle Inventory of Building Materials. In proceedings of 2nd International Conference Building and the Environment, June 1997, Paris, France

Finnveden G, Lindfors L-G (1998): Data Quality of Life Cycle Inventory Data—Rules of Thumb. Int J LCA 3 (2) 65–66

Hanssen OJ, Asbjørnsen OA (1996): Statistical Properties of Emission Data in Life Cycle Assessments. J Cleaner Prod 4 (3-4) 149–157

SETAC (1994): Life-Cycle Assessment Data Quality: A Conceptual Framework. Society of Environmental Toxicolgy and Chemistry (SETAC), USA

Huijbregts M, Norris G, von Bahr B (1999): General Framework to Compare and Develop Methods for Uncertainty Assessment in LCI. Working paper from SETAC LCA Workgroup on Data Availability and Data Quality

Tillman A-M (2000): Significance of Decision-making for LCA Methodology. Environ Impact Assessment Rev 20, 113–123