Surgical treatment of macroglossia in patients with Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome: a 20-year experience and review of the literature

Bliek, 2001, Increased tumour risk for BWS patients correlates with aberrant H19 and not KCNQ1OT1 methylation: occurrence of KCNQ1OT1 hypomethylation in familial cases of BWS, Hum Mol Genet, 10, 467, 10.1093/hmg/10.5.467 Bracka, 1981, The blood supply of dorsal tongue flaps, Br J Plast Surg, 34, 379, 10.1016/0007-1226(81)90040-0 Chitayat, 1990, Apparent postnatal onset of some manifestations of the Wiedemann-Beckwith syndrome, Am J Med Genet, 36, 434, 10.1002/ajmg.1320360412 Cohen, 1999, Overgrowth syndromes: an update, Adv Pediatr, 46, 441 Cohen, 2005, Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome: historical, clinicopathological, and etiopathogenetic perspectives, Pediatr Dev Pathol, 8, 287, 10.1007/s10024-005-1154-9 Davalbhakta, 2000, Technique for uniform reduction of macroglossia, Br J Plast Surg, 53, 294, 10.1054/bjps.1999.3311 DeBaun, 1998, Risk of cancer during the first four years of life in children from The Beckwith–Wiedemann Syndrome Registry, J Pediatr, 132, 398, 10.1016/S0022-3476(98)70008-3 DeBaun, 1998, Nephromegaly in infancy and early childhood: a risk factor for Wilms tumor in Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome, J Pediatr, 132, 401, 10.1016/S0022-3476(98)70009-5 Dingman, 1961, Lymphangioma of the tongue, Plast Reconstr Surg Transplant Bull, 27, 214, 10.1097/00006534-196102000-00008 Dios, 2000, Treatment of macroglossia in a child with Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome, J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 58, 1058, 10.1053/joms.2000.8753 Egyedi, 1965, Reduction of tongue size in the surgical correction of jaw deformity, Br J Oral Surg, 3, 13, 10.1016/S0007-117X(65)80002-6 Elliott, 1994, Clinical features and natural history of Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome: presentation of 74 new cases, Clin Genet, 46, 168, 10.1111/j.1399-0004.1994.tb04219.x Engstrom, 1988, Wiedemann-Beckwith syndrome, Eur J Pediatr, 147, 450, 10.1007/BF00441965 Filippi, 1970, The Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome, Medicine (Baltimore), 49, 279, 10.1097/00005792-197007000-00002 Gasparini, 2002, Surgical management of macroglossia: discussion of 7 cases, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, 94, 566, 10.1067/moe.2002.127583 Gupta, 1971, Congenital macroglossia, Arch Otolaryngol, 93, 378, 10.1001/archotol.1971.00770060570005 Harada, 1995, A new method of tongue reduction for macroglossia, J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 53, 91, 10.1016/0278-2391(95)90513-8 Hettinger, 2011, Double stellate tongue reduction: a new method of treatment for macroglossia in patients with Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome, Ann Plast Surg, 67, 240, 10.1097/SAP.0b013e3181f77a83 Kacker, 2000, Tongue reduction in Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome, Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 53, 1, 10.1016/S0165-5876(00)00280-9 Kawafuji, 2011, Systemic and maxillofacial characteristics of patients with Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome not treated with glossectomy, Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 139, 517, 10.1016/j.ajodo.2009.07.021 Kole, 1965, Results, experience and problems in the surgical treatment of anomalies with reverse overbite, Int J Oral Surg, 19, 427, 10.1016/0030-4220(65)90002-2 Kveim, 1985, Early tongue resection for Beckwith–Wiedemann macroglossia, Ann Plast Surg, 14, 142, 10.1097/00000637-198502000-00008 Lauretano, 1997, Anatomic location of the tongue base neurovascular bundle, Laryngoscope, 107, 1057, 10.1097/00005537-199708000-00010 Massengill, 1978, Surgical correction of macroglossia, Pediatrics, 61, 485, 10.1542/peds.61.3.485 Matsune, 2006, Taste after reduction of the tongue in Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome, Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 44, 49, 10.1016/j.bjoms.2005.03.015 Maturo, 2006, Submucosal minimally invasive lingual excision: an effective, novel surgery for pediatric tongue base reduction, Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol, 115, 624, 10.1177/000348940611500809 McManamny, 1985, Macroglossia as a presentation of the Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome, Plast Reconstr Surg, 75, 170, 10.1097/00006534-198502000-00004 Menard, 1995, Treatment of the craniofacial complications of Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome, Plast Reconstr Surg, 96, 27, 10.1097/00006534-199507000-00004 Mixter, 1993, Central tongue reduction for macroglossia, Plast Reconstr Surg, 91, 1159, 10.1097/00006534-199305000-00031 Moore, 2000, Heterogeneity in Wiedemann-Beckwith syndrome: anthropometric evidence, Am J Med Genet, 90, 283, 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(20000214)90:4<283::AID-AJMG4>3.0.CO;2-F Morgan, 1996, Surgical management of macroglossia in children, Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 122, 326, 10.1001/archotol.1996.01890150096017 Perkins, 2009, Overview of macroglossia and its treatment, Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 17, 460, 10.1097/MOO.0b013e3283317f89 Rimell, 1995, Head and neck manifestations of Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome, Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 113, 262, 10.1016/S0194-5998(95)70115-X Shipster, 2006, Speech and oral motor skills in children with Beckwith Wiedemann Syndrome: pre- and post-tongue reduction surgery, Adv Speech Lang Pathol, 8, 45, 10.1080/14417040500484401 Sotelo-Avila, 1980, Complete and incomplete forms of Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome: their oncogenic potential, J Pediatr, 96, 47, 10.1016/S0022-3476(80)80322-2 Tan, 2006, Tumour surveillance in Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome and hemihyperplasia: a critical review of the evidence and suggested guidelines for local practice, J Paediatr Child Health, 42, 486, 10.1111/j.1440-1754.2006.00908.x Tomlinson, 2007, Long-term outcomes of surgical tongue reduction in Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome, Plast Reconstr Surg, 119, 992, 10.1097/01.prs.0000252256.77086.67 Vasquez, 1994, Macroglossie congenitale et syndrome de Wiedemann-Beckwith, Ann Pediatr (Paris), 41, 303 Van Borsel, 1999, Macroglossia and speech in Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome: a sample survey study, Int J Lang Commun Disord, 34, 209, 10.1080/136828299247540 van der Horst, 2011, Development of a test for evaluation of taste perception after tongue reduction, J Craniomaxillofac Surg, 38, 452, 10.1016/j.jcms.2009.11.002 Vogel, 1986, Macroglossia: a review of the condition and a new classification, Plast Reconstr Surg, 78, 715, 10.1097/00006534-198678060-00001 Wang, 2003, The role of tongue reduction, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, 95, 269, 10.1067/moe.2003.1 Weiss, 1990, Macroglossia: a review, J La State Med Soc, 142, 13 Weksberg, 2001, Tumor development in the Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome is associated with a variety of constitutional molecular 11p15 alterations including imprinting defects of KCNQ1OT1, Hum Mol Genet, 10, 2989, 10.1093/hmg/10.26.2989 Weksberg, 2005, Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome, Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet, 137C, 12, 10.1002/ajmg.c.30058 Weksberg, 2010, Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome, Eur J Hum Genet, 18, 8, 10.1038/ejhg.2009.106 Wiedemann, 1997, Frequency of Wiedemann-Beckwith syndrome in Germany; rate of hemihyperplasia and of tumours in affected children, Eur J Pediatr, 156, 251 Yang, 2009, Course and distribution of the lingual nerve in the ventral tongue region: anatomical considerations for frenectomy, J Craniofac Surg, 20, 1359, 10.1097/SCS.0b013e3181ae42fa Yura, 2009, Tongue reduction techniques with an ultrasonic surgical aspirator, J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 67, 1568, 10.1016/j.joms.2009.03.025