Surgical management of advanced gastric cancer: An evolving issue

Fock, 2014, Review article: the epidemiology and prevention of gastric cancer, Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 40, 250, 10.1111/apt.12814 Jung, 2013, Prediction of cancer incidence and mortality in Korea, 2013, Cancer Res Treat, 45, 15, 10.4143/crt.2013.45.1.15 World Health Organization, 2012 Karimi, 2014, Gastric cancer: descriptive epidemiology, risk factors, screening, and prevention, Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev, 23, 700, 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-13-1057 Kunz, 2012, Long-term survivors of gastric cancer: a California population-based study, J Clin Oncol, 30, 3507, 10.1200/JCO.2011.35.8028 Kim, 1998, Clinicopathologic characteristics and prognostic factors in 10,783 patients with gastric cancer, Gastric Cancer, 1, 125, 10.1007/s101200050006 Zen, 2013, Lymph node ratio is a better prognosticator than lymph node status for gastric cancer: a retrospective study of 138 cases, Oncol Lett, 6, 1693, 10.3892/ol.2013.1615 Sobin, 2010 Qiu, 2011, Comparison of 6th and 7th AJCC TNM staging classification for carcinoma of the stomach in China, Ann Surg Oncol, 18, 1869, 10.1245/s10434-010-1542-x Kikuchi, 2011, Comparison of staging system between the old (6th edition) and new (7th edition) TNM classifications in advanced gastric cancer, Anticancer Res, 31, 2361 Jung, 2011, Validation of the seventh edition of the American Joint committee on cancer TNM staging system for gastric cancer, Cancer, 117, 2371, 10.1002/cncr.25778 Marano, 2015, Comparison of the 6th and 7th editions of the AJCC/UICC TNM staging system for gastric cancer focusing on the “N” parameter-related survival: the monoinstitutional NodUs Italian study, World J Surg Oncol, 13, 215, 10.1186/s12957-015-0633-3 2009 Rüdiger Siewert, 2000, Adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction: results of surgical therapy based on anatomical/topographic classification in 1,002 consecutive patients, Ann Surg, 232, 353, 10.1097/00000658-200009000-00007 Murakami, 1979, Early cancer of the stomach, World J Surg, 3, 685, 10.1007/BF01654788 De Sol, 2014, Requirement for a standardised definition of advanced gastric cancer, Oncol Lett, 7, 164, 10.3892/ol.2013.1672 Zhang, 2007, Spleen preservation in radical surgery for gastric cardia cancer, Ann Surg Oncol, 14, 1312, 10.1245/s10434-006-9190-x Schwarz, 2007, Clinical impact of lymphadenectomy extent in resectable gastric cancer of advanced stage, Ann Surg Oncol, 14, 317, 10.1245/s10434-006-9218-2 Wu, 2006, Nodal dissection for patients with gastric cancer: a randomised controlled trial, Lancet Oncol, 7, 309, 10.1016/S1470-2045(06)70623-4 Degiuli, 2014, Randomized clinical trial comparing survival after D1 or D2 gastrectomy for gastric cancer, Br J Surg, 101, 23, 10.1002/bjs.9345 Hundahl, 2002, Surgical treatment variation in a prospective, randomized trial of chemoradiotherapy in gastric cancer: the effect of undertreatment, Ann Surg Oncol, 9, 278, 10.1007/BF02573066 Cuschieri, 1999, Patient survival after D1 and D2 resections for gastric cancer: long-term results of the MRC randomized surgical trial. Surgical Co-operative Group, Br J Cancer, 79, 1522, 10.1038/sj.bjc.6690243 Cuschieri, 1996, Postoperative morbidity and mortality after D1 and D2 resections for gastric cancer: preliminary results of the MRC randomised controlled surgical trial. The Surgical Cooperative Group, Lancet, 347, 995, 10.1016/S0140-6736(96)90144-0 Kampschöer, 1989, Computer analysis in making preoperative decisions: a rational approach to lymph node dissection in gastric cancer patients, Br J Surg, 76, 905, 10.1002/bjs.1800760910 Seevaratnam, 2012, How many lymph nodes should be assessed in patients with gastric cancer? A systematic review, Gastric Cancer, 15, S70, 10.1007/s10120-012-0169-y Someya, 2013, Duodenal switch for intractable reflux gastroesophagitis after proximal gastrectomy, Tohoku J Exp Med, 230, 129, 10.1620/tjem.230.129 Lauren, 1965, The two histological main types of gastric carcinoma: diffuse and so-called intestinal-type carcinoma. An attempt at a histo-clinical classification, Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand, 64, 31, 10.1111/apm.1965.64.1.31 Gouzi, 1989, Total versus subtotal gastrectomy for adenocarcinoma of the gastric antrum. A French prospective controlled study, Ann Surg, 209, 162, 10.1097/00000658-198902000-00005 Bozzetti, 1999, Subtotal versus total gastrectomy for gastric cancer: five-year survival rates in a multicenter randomized Italian trial. Italian Gastrointestinal Tumor Study Group, Ann Surg, 230, 170, 10.1097/00000658-199908000-00006 Japanese Gastric Cancer Association, 2011, Japanese gastric cancer treatment guidelines 2010 (ver. 3), Gastric Cancer, 14, 113, 10.1007/s10120-011-0042-4 Kasakura, 2000, Is there a benefit of pancreaticosplenectomy with gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer?, Am J Surg, 179, 237, 10.1016/S0002-9610(00)00293-2 Coburn, 2009, Lymph nodes and gastric cancer, J Surg Oncol, 99, 199, 10.1002/jso.21224 Pacelli, 2013, Italian Research Group for Gastric Cancer. Multivisceral resection for locally advanced gastric cancer: an Italian multicenter observational study, JAMA Surg, 148, 353, 10.1001/2013.jamasurg.309 Brady, 1991, Effect of splenectomy on morbidity and survival following curative gastrectomy for carcinoma, Arch Surg, 126, 359, 10.1001/archsurg.1991.01410270105017 Otsuji, 1999, Total gastrectomy with simultaneous pancreaticosplenectomy or splenectomy in patients with advanced gastric carcinoma, Br J Cancer, 79, 1789, 10.1038/sj.bjc.6690285 Kodama, 1997, Gastrectomy with combined resection of other organs for carcinoma of the stomach with invasion to adjacent organs: clinical efficacy in a retrospective study, J Am Coll Surg, 184, 16 Ozer, 2009, Surgical outcomes and survival after multiorgan resection for locally advanced gastric cancer, Am J Surg, 198, 25, 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2008.06.031 Bonenkamp, 1995, Randomised comparison of morbidity after D1 and D2 dissection for gastric cancer in 996 Dutch patients, Lancet, 345, 745, 10.1016/S0140-6736(95)90637-1 Songun, 2010, Surgical treatment of gastric cancer: 15-year follow-up results of the randomised nationwide Dutch D1D2 trial, Lancet Oncol, 11, 439, 10.1016/S1470-2045(10)70070-X Jiang, 2014, Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness and safety of extended lymphadenectomy in patients with resectable gastric cancer, Br J Surg, 101, 595, 10.1002/bjs.9497 Brar, 2013, Defining surgical quality in gastric cancer: a RAND/UCLA appropriateness study, J Am Coll Surg, 217, 347, 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2013.01.067 Sasako, 2008, Japan Clinical Oncology Group. D2 lymphadenectomy alone or with para-aortic nodal dissection for gastric cancer, N Engl J Med, 359, 453, 10.1056/NEJMoa0707035 de Manzoni, 2015, Impact of super-extended lymphadenectomy on relapse in advanced gastric cancer, Eur J Surg Oncol, 41, 534, 10.1016/j.ejso.2015.01.023 Hartgrink, 2004, Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy for operable gastric cancer: long term results of the Dutch randomized FAMTX trial, Eur J Surg Oncol, 30, 643, 10.1016/j.ejso.2004.04.013 Cunningham, 2006, Perioperative chemotherapy versus surgery alone for resectable gastroesophageal cancer, N Engl J Med, 355, 11, 10.1056/NEJMoa055531 Boige, 2007, Final results of a randomized trial comparing preoperative 5-fluorouracil (f) cisplatin (P) to surgery alone in adeno-carcinoma of stomach and lower esophagus (aSlE): FNLCC ACCORD 07-FFCD 9703 Trial, J Clin Oncol, 25 Schuhmacher, 2010, Neoadjuvant chemotherapy compared with surgery alone for locally advanced cancer of the stomach and cardia: European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer randomized trial 40954, J Clin Oncol, 28, 5210, 10.1200/JCO.2009.26.6114 Kokkola, 2012, Does non-curative gastrectomy improve survival in patients with metastatic gastric cancer?, J Surg Oncol, 106, 193, 10.1002/jso.23066 Yan, 2007, A systematic review on the efficacy of cytoreductive surgery and perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy for pseudomyxoma peritonei, Ann Surg Oncol, 14, 484, 10.1245/s10434-006-9182-x Yang, 2011, Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy improves survival of patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis from gastric cancer: final results of a phase III randomized clinical trial, Ann Surg Oncol, 18, 1575, 10.1245/s10434-011-1631-5 Magge, 2014, Aggressive locoregional surgical therapy for gastric peritoneal carcinomatosis, Ann Surg Oncol, 21, 1448, 10.1245/s10434-013-3327-5 Yonemura, 2006, Neoadjuvant treatment of gastric cancer with peritoneal dissemination, Eur J Surg Oncol, 32, 661, 10.1016/j.ejso.2006.03.007 Canbay, 2014, Outcome data of patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis from gastric origin treated by a strategy of bidirectional chemotherapy prior to cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in a single specialized center in Japan, Ann Surg Oncol, 21, 1147, 10.1245/s10434-013-3443-2 Coccolini, 2014, Intraperitoneal chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer. Meta-analysis of randomized trials, Eur J Surg Oncol, 40, 12, 10.1016/j.ejso.2013.10.019 Takemura, 2012, Long-term outcomes after surgical resection for gastric cancer liver metastasis: an analysis of 64 macroscopically complete resections, Langenbecks Arch Surg, 397, 951, 10.1007/s00423-012-0959-z Makino, 2010, Indication for hepatic resection in the treatment of liver metastasis from gastric cancer, Anticancer Res, 30, 2367 Thelen, 2008, Liver resection for metastatic gastric cancer, Eur J Surg Oncol, 34, 1328, 10.1016/j.ejso.2008.01.022 Kodera, 2014, Surgical resection of hepatic metastasis from gastric cancer: a review and new recommendation in the Japanese gastric cancer treatment guidelines, Gastric Cancer, 17, 206, 10.1007/s10120-013-0299-x Chen, 2013, Radiofrequency ablation for liver metastasis from gastric cancer, Eur J Surg Oncol, 39, 701, 10.1016/j.ejso.2013.03.023 D'Ugo, 2003, Laparoscopic staging of gastric cancer: an overview, J Am Coll Surg, 196, 965, 10.1016/S1072-7515(03)00126-1 Ajani, 1999, Enhanced staging and all chemotherapy preoperatively in patients with potentially resectable gastric carcinoma, J Clin Oncol, 17, 2403, 10.1200/JCO.1999.17.8.2403 Coburn, 2010, Management of gastric cancer in Ontario, J Surg Oncol, 102, 54, 10.1002/jso.21561 Karanicolas, 2011, Staging laparoscopy in the management of gastric cancer: a population-based analysis, J Am Coll Surg, 213, 644, 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2011.07.018 Tourani, 2015, Laparoscopy and peritoneal cytology: important prognostic tools to guide treatment selection in gastric adenocarcinoma, ANZ J Surg, 85, 69, 10.1111/ans.12197 Convie, 2015, The current role of staging laparoscopy in oesophagogastric cancer, Ann R Coll Surg Engl, 97, 146, 10.1308/003588414X14055925061270 Blackshaw, 2003, Laparoscopy significantly improves the perceived preoperative stage of gastric cancer, Gastric Cancer, 6, 225, 10.1007/s10120-003-0257-0 Muntean, 2009, Staging laparoscopy in gastric cancer. Accuracy and impact on therapy, J Gastrointestin Liver Dis, 18, 189 Nakagawa, 2007, Role of staging laparoscopy with peritoneal lavage cytology in the treatment of locally advanced gastric cancer, Gastric Cancer, 10, 29, 10.1007/s10120-006-0406-3 Yano, 2000, Appraisal of treatment strategy by staging laparoscopy for locally advanced gastric cancer, World J Surg, 24, 1130, 10.1007/s002680010183 Bonenkamp, 2001, Tumor load and surgical palliation in gastric cancer, Hepatogastroenterology, 48, 1219 Yano, 2002, Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by salvage surgery: effect on survival of patients with primary noncurative gastric cancer, World J Surg, 26, 1155, 10.1007/s00268-002-6362-0 van Delden, 1998, Laparoscopic ultrasonography for abdominal tumor staging, Eur Radiol, 8, 1405, 10.1007/s003300050561 Kitano, 1995, Laparoscopic approaches in the management of patients with early gastric carcinomas, Surg Laparosc Endosc, 5, 359 Uyama, 2000, Laparoscopic D2 lymph node dissection for advanced gastric cancer located in the middle or lower third portion of the stomach, Gastric Cancer, 3, 50, 10.1007/PL00011690 Kitano, 2002, A randomized controlled trial comparing open vs laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy for the treatment of early gastric cancer: an interim report, Surgery, 131, S306, 10.1067/msy.2002.120115 Lee, 2005, A prospective randomized study comparing open vs laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy in early gastric cancer: early results, Surg Endosc, 19, 168, 10.1007/s00464-004-8808-y Kim, 2010, Morbidity and mortality of laparoscopic gastrectomy versus open gastrectomy for gastric cancer: an interim report–a phase III multicenter, prospective, randomized Trial (KLASS Trial), Ann Surg, 251, 417, 10.1097/SLA.0b013e3181cc8f6b Chen, 2012, Laparoscopy-assisted versus open D2 radical gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer without serosal invasion: a case control study, World J Surg Oncol, 10, 248, 10.1186/1477-7819-10-248 Hamabe, 2012, Comparison of long-term results between laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy and open gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection for advanced gastric cancer, Surg Endosc, 26, 1702, 10.1007/s00464-011-2096-0 Sato, 2012, Comparison of long-term prognosis of laparoscopy assisted gastrectomy and conventional open gastrectomy with special reference to D2 lymph node dissection, Surg Endosc, 26, 2240, 10.1007/s00464-012-2167-x Kim, 2012, Comparative analysis of five-year survival results of laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy versus open gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer: a case-control study using a propensity score method, Dig Surg, 29, 165, 10.1159/000338088 Zhao, 2011, Comparison of outcomes for laparoscopically assisted and open radical distal gastrectomy with lymphadenectomy for advanced gastric cancer, Surg Endosc, 25, 2960, 10.1007/s00464-011-1652-y Huang, 2010, Laparoscopy-assisted D2 radical distal gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer, Dig Surg, 27, 291, 10.1159/000281818 Shinohara, 2013, Laparoscopic versus open D2 gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer: a retrospective cohort study, Surg Endosc, 27, 286, 10.1007/s00464-012-2442-x Zou, 2014, Laparoscopic vs open D2 gastrectomy for locally advanced gastric cancer: a meta-analysis, World J Gastroenterol, 20, 16750, 10.3748/wjg.v20.i44.16750 Li G. Multicenter study on laparoscopic distal subtotal gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer (CLASS-01). NLM identifier NCT01609309. Available from: URL: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01609309. Shi Y. Comparison of laparoscopic vs open gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer: a prospective randomized trial. NLM identifier NCT01043835. Available from: URL: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01043835. Huang CM. Prospective randomized controlled trial of laparoscopic D2 radical gastrectomy and open surgery for advanced gastric cancer. ChiCTR identifier ChiCTRTRC-11001340. Available from: URL: http://www.chictr.org/en/proj/show.aspx?proj=66. Han SU. Efficacy of laparoscopic subtotal gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection for locally advanced gastric cancer (KLASS-02-RCT). NLM identifier NCT01456598. Available from: URL: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01456598. Kim YW. Feasibility study of laparoscopy-assisted d2 distal gastrectomy to treat advanced gastric cancer (COACT_1001). NLM identifier NCT01088204. Available from: URL: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01088204. Kim W. Comparison of the laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy and open distal gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer. NLM identifier NCT00741676. Available from: URL:http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00741676. Tsuyoshi E. Randomized controlled trial to evaluate laparoscopic vs open surgery for advanced gastric Cancer (JLSSG0901: Adv.GC-LAP/OPEN, PII/III). JPRN identifier JPRN-UMIN000003420. Available from: URL: http://apps.who.int/trialsearch/trial.aspx?TrialID=JPRNUMIN000003420. Patriti, 2008, Robot-assisted laparoscopic total and partial gastric resection with D2 lymph node dissection for adenocarcinoma, Surg Endosc, 22, 2753, 10.1007/s00464-008-0129-0 Giulianotti, 2003, Robotics in general surgery: personal experience in a large community hospital, Arch Surg, 138, 777, 10.1001/archsurg.138.7.777 Woo, 2011, Robotic gastrectomy as an oncologically sound alternative to laparoscopic resections for the treatment of early-stage gastric cancers, Arch Surg, 146, 1086, 10.1001/archsurg.2011.114 Hyun, 2013, Robot versus laparoscopic gastrectomy for cancer by an experienced surgeon: comparison of surgery, complications, and surgical stress, Ann Surg Oncol, 20, 1258, 10.1245/s10434-012-2679-6 Huang, 2012, Initial experience of robotic gastrectomy and comparison with open and laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer, J Gastrointest Surg, 16, 1303, 10.1007/s11605-012-1874-x Shen, 2014, A meta-analysis of robotic versus laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer, Surg Endosc, 28, 2795, 10.1007/s00464-014-3547-1 Coratti, 2015, Robot-assisted surgery for gastric carcinoma: five years follow-up and beyond: a single western center experience and long-term oncological outcomes, Eur J Surg Oncol, 15, 00026