Surgical Complications of Colic Surgery

Hillyer, 2002, A cross-sectional study of colic in horses on Thoroughbred training premises in the British Isles in 1997, Equine Vet J, 33, 380, 10.2746/042516401776249499 Mee, 1998, A retrospective study of mortality associated with general anaesthesia in horses: elective procedures, Vet Rec, 142, 275, 10.1136/vr.142.11.275 Mee, 1998, A retrospective study of mortality associated with general anaesthesia in horse: emergency procedures, Vet Rec, 142, 307, 10.1136/vr.142.12.307 Valverde, 2006, Advances in inhalation anesthesia, 219 Provost, 1991, Effects of heparin treatment on colonic torsion-associated hemodynamic and plasma eicosanoid changes in anesthetized ponies, Am J Vet Res, 52, 289 Schmid A. Die Anatomie des Foramen epiploicum und seiner benachbarten Strukturen und diet Auswirkungen von Alter, Rasse und Geschlecht auf Darmstrangulation durch das Foramen epiploicum, Inguinalhernie, Lipoma pendulans und Invagination, Med Vet Thesis, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat, Munich; 1997. Vachon, 1995, Small-intestinal herniation through the epiploic foramen: 53 cases (1987–1993), Equine Vet J, 27, 373, 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1995.tb04073.x Vasey, 1988, Incarceration of the small intestine by the epiploic foramen in fifteen horses, Can Vet J, 29, 378 Livesey, 1991, Fatal hemorrhage associated with incarceration of small intestine by the epiploic foramen in three horses, Can Vet J, 32, 434 Freeman, 2005, Short-term survival after surgery for epiploic foramen entrapment compared with other strangulating diseases of the small intestine in horses, Equine Vet J, 37, 292, 10.2746/0425164054529436 Forener, 1993, Transection of the pelvic flexure to reduce incarceration of the large colon through the epiploic foramen in a horse, J Am Vet Med Assoc, 203, 1312 Hawkins, 1993, Peritonitis in horses: 67 cases (1985–1990), J Am Vet Med Assoc, 203, 284 Wilson, 1995, Complications of celiotomy incisions in horses, Vet Surg, 24, 506, 10.1111/j.1532-950X.1995.tb01362.x Kobluk, 1989, Factors affecting incisional complication rates associated with colic surgery in horses: 78 cases (1983–1985), J Am Vet Med Assoc, 195, 639 Honnas, 1997, Risk factors for wound infection following celiotomy in horses, J Am Vet Med Assoc, 210, 78 Phillips, 1993, Retrospective analysis of the results of 151 exploratory laparotomies in horses with gastrointestinal disease, Equine Vet J, 25, 427, 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1993.tb02985.x Freeman, 2000, Short- and long-term survival and prevalence of post operative ileus after small intestinal surgery in the horse, Equine Vet J, 32, 42 Proudman, 2002, Long-term survival of equine surgical colic cases. Part 1: patterns of mortality and morbidity, Equine Vet J, 34, 432, 10.2746/042516402776117845 MacDonald, 1989, Survival after small intestinal resection and anastomosis in horses, Vet Surg., 18, 415, 10.1111/j.1532-950X.1990.tb01116.x Mair, 2005, Survival and complication rates in 300 horses undergoing surgical treatment of colic. Part 2: short-term complications, Equine Vet J, 37, 303, 10.2746/0425164054529364 Galuppo, 1999, Evaluation of iodophor skin preparation techniques and factors influencing drainage from ventral midline incisions in horses, J Am Vet Med Assoc, 215, 963 Gibson KT, Curtis CR, Turner AS. Incisional hernias in the horse incidence and predisposing factors Vet Surgery 1989;18(5):360–6. Ingle-Fehr, 1997, Bacterial culturing of ventral median celiotomies for prediction of postoperative incisional complications in horses, Vet Surg, 16, 7, 10.1111/j.1532-950X.1997.tb01456.x Smith, 2007, Incisional complications following exploratory celiotomy: Does an abdominal bandage reduce the risk?, Equine Vet J, 39, 277, 10.2746/042516407X193963 Hardy, 2006, Postoperative care and complications associated with abdominal surgery, 506 Trostle, 1994, A study of the biomechanical properties of the adult equine linea alba: relationship of tissue bite size and suture material to breaking strength, Vet Surg, 23, 435, 10.1111/j.1532-950X.1994.tb00504.x Stone WC, Lindsay WA, Mason ED, et al. Factors associated with acute wound dehiscence following equine abdominal surgery. Proceedings 4th Eq Colic Res Sym 1991. p. 52. Tulleners, 1999, Incisional hernias with acute total dehiscence, 811 Stick, 2006, Abdominal hernias, 495 Tulleners, 1983, Secondary closure of infected abdominal incisions in cattle and horses, J Am Vet Med Assoc, 182, 1377 Doyle, 2003, Life-threatening hemorrhage from enterotomies and anastomoses in 7 horses, Vet Surg, 32, 553, 10.1111/j.1532-950X.2003.00553.x Young, 1991, A comparison of three techniques for closure of pelvic flexure enterotomies in normal equine colon, Vet Surg, 20, 185, 10.1111/j.1532-950X.1991.tb00333.x Morton, 2002, Surgical and postoperative factors influencing short-term survival of horses following small intestinal resection: 92 cases (1994–2001), Equine Vet J, 34, 450, 10.2746/042516402776117700 Dyson, 1983, Review of 30 cases of peritonitis in the horse, Equine Vet J, 15, 25, 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1983.tb01693.x Mair, 1990, Peritonitis in adult horses: a review of 21 cases, Vet Rec, 126, 567 Dabareiner, 1996, Peritonitis in horses Santshi, 1988, Peritoneal fluid analysis in ponies after abdominal surgery, Vet Surg, 17, 6, 10.1111/j.1532-950X.1988.tb00268.x Rodgers, 1994, Evaluation of peritoneal pH, glucose, and lactate dehydrogenase levels as an indicator of intra-abdominal sepsis, Proc Am Coll Vet Intern Med, 12, 173 Maetani, 1981, Open peritoneal drainage as effective treatment for advanced peritonitis, Surgery, 90, 804 Hague, 1998, Evaluation of postoperative peritoneal lavage in standing horses for prevention of experimentally induced abdominal adhesions, Vet Surg, 27, 122, 10.1111/j.1532-950X.1998.tb00107.x Madaus, 1988, The biology of peritonitis and implications for treatment, Surg Clin North Am, 68, 431, 10.1016/S0039-6109(16)44487-7 Woolfson, 1986, Open peritoneal drainage in the treatment of generalized peritonitis in 25 dogs and cats, Vet Surg, 15, 27, 10.1111/j.1532-950X.1986.tb00169.x Chase, 1996, Open peritoneal drainage in horses with experimentally induced peritonitis, Vet Surg, 25, 189, 10.1111/j.1532-950X.1996.tb01397.x Mair, 2005, Survival and complication rates in 300 horses undergoing surgical treatment of colic. Part 4: early (acute) relaparotomy, Equine Vet J, 37, 315, 10.2746/0425164054529454 Hainisch EK, Proudman CJ, Edwards GB. Indications, surgical intervention and outcome of relaparotomy in 27 cases. In: Proceedings of the European College of Veterinary Surgeons Annual Symposium, Glasgow, Scotland; 2003. p. 224. Gerard, 1996, Jejunocolostomy or ileocolostomy for treatment of cecal impaction in horses: nine cases (1985–1995), J Am Vet Med Assoc, 209, 1287 Frankeny, 1995, Jejunal intussusception: a complication of functional end-end stapled anastomoses in two ponies, Vet Surg, 24, 515, 10.1111/j.1532-950X.1995.tb01363.x Lowe, 1968, Intussusception in three ponies following experimental enterotomy, Cornell Vet, 58, 288 Dean, 1985, Comparison of suture materials and suture patterns for inverting intestinal anastomosis of the jejunum in the horse, Am J Vet Res, 46, 2072 Boswell, 2000, Jejunojejunal intussusception after an end-to end jejunojejunal anastamosis in a horse, Equine Vet Educ, 12, 303, 10.1111/j.2042-3292.2000.tb00065.x Schumacher, 1987, Ileocecocolic intussusception as a sequel to jejunocecostomy in a mare, J Am Vet Med Assoc, 190, 303 Kersjes, 1988, Results of operative treatment of equine colic with special reference to surgery of the ileum, Vet Quart, 10, 17, 10.1080/01652176.1988.9694141 Freeman, 1997, Surgery of the small intestine, Vet Clin N Am Equine Pract, 13, 261, 10.1016/S0749-0739(17)30240-7 van den Boom, 2001, Short- and long-term evaluation of surgical treatment of strangulating obstructions of the small intestine in horses: a review of 224 cases, Vet Quart, 23, 109, 10.1080/01652176.2001.9695095 Rendle, 2005, End-to-end jejuno-ileal anastomosis following resection of strangulated small intestine in horses: a comparative study, Equine Vet J, 37, 356, 10.2746/0425164054529463 Schumacher, 2002, Small colon obstruction in the mature horse, Equine Vet Educ, 68, 27 Huskamp B, Bonfig H. Relaparotomy as a therapeutic principle in postoperative complication of horses with colic. In: Proceedings of the 2nd Equine Colic Research Symposium, University of Georgia; 1985. p. 317–21. Parker, 1989, Retrospective evaluation of repeat celiotomy in 53 horses with acute gastrointestinal disease, Vet Surg, 18, 424, 10.1111/j.1532-950X.1990.tb01118.x Fischer, 2006, Colic: diagnosis, preoperative management, and surgical approaches, 398 Allen, 1986, Factors for prognostic use in equine obstructive small intestinal disease, J Am Vet Med Assoc, 189, 777 Snyder, 1990, Vascular injury associated with naturally occurring strangulating obstructions of the equine large colon, Vet Surg, 19, 446, 10.1111/j.1532-950X.1990.tb01232.x Freeman, 1988, Comparison of clinical judgement, Doppler ultrasound, and fluorescein fluorescence as methods for predicting intestinal viability in the pony, Am J Vet Res, 49, 895 Sullins, 1990, Deterimination of intestinal viability and the decision to resect Snyder, 1986, Surface oximetry of healthy and ischemic equine intestine, Am J Vet Res, 47, 2530 Snyder, 1994, Surface oximetry for intraoperative assessment of colonic viability in horses, J Am Vet Med Assoc, 204, 1786 Moore, 1996, Colonic luminal pressure in horses with strangulating and nonstrangulating obstruction of the large colon, Vet Surg, 25, 134, 10.1111/j.1532-950X.1996.tb01389.x Mathis, 2006, Use of colonic luminal pressure to predict outcome after surgical treatment of strangulating large colon volvulus in horses, Vet Surg, 35, 356, 10.1111/j.1532-950X.2006.00157.x Van Hoogmoed, 2000, Use of pelvic flexure biopsies to predict survival after large colon torsion in horses, Vet Surg, 29, 572, 10.1053/jvet.2000.17836 Van Hoogmoed, 2000, Evaluation of uniformity of morphological injury of the large colon following severe colonic torsion, Equine Vet J Suppl, 32, 98, 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2000.tb05343.x Snyder, 1988, Morhphologic alterations observed during experimental ischemia of the equine large colon, Am J Vet Res, 49, 801 Dabareiner, 2001, Serosal injury in the equine jejunum and ascending colon after ischemia-reperfusion or intraluminal distention and decompression, Vet Surg, 30, 114, 10.1053/jvet.2001.21393 Dabareiner, 2001, Effects of intraluminal distention and decompression on microvascular permeability and hemodynamics of the equine jejunum, Am J Vet Res, 62, 225, 10.2460/ajvr.2001.62.225 Freeman, 2006, Small intestine, 428 Baxter, 1989, Abdominal adhesions after small intestinal surgery in the horse, Vet Surg, 18, 409, 10.1111/j.1532-950X.1990.tb01115.x Santschi, 2000, Colic surgery in 206 juvenile thoroughbreds: survival and racing results, Equine Vet J Suppl, 32, 32, 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2000.tb05331.x Trevor PB, White NA, Sullins KE. Use of sodium hyaluronate to prevent adhesions in the horse and rabbit. Equine Colic Research Symposium 1991 [abstract]. Sullins, 1991, Treatment of ischemia induced peritoneal adhesions in foals, Vet Surg, 20, 348 Freeman, 1988, Early mucosal healing and chronic changes in pony jejunum after various types of strangulation obstruction, Am J Vet Res, 49, 810 Sullins, 2004, Prevention of ischaemia-induced small intestinal adhesions in foals, Equine Vet J, 36, 370, 10.2746/0425164044868431 Parker, 1987, Prevention of intraabdominal adhesions in ponies by low-dose heparin therapy, Vet Surg, 16, 459, 10.1111/j.1532-950X.1987.tb00988.x Moll, 1991, Evaluation of sodium carboxymethylcellulose for prevention of experimentally induced abdominal adhesions in ponies, Am J Vet Res, 42, 88 Murphy, 2002, Use of a high-molecular-weight carboxymethylcellulose in a tissue protective solution for prevention of post operative abdominal adhesions in ponies, Am J Vet Res, 63, 1448, 10.2460/ajvr.2002.63.1448 Hay, 2001, One percent sodium carboxymethylcellulose prevents experimentally induced abdominal adhesions in horses, Vet Surg, 30, 223, 10.1053/jvet.2001.17849 Eggleston, 2004, Effect of carboxymethylcellulose and hyaluronate solutions on jejunal healing in horses, Am J Vet Res, 65, 637, 10.2460/ajvr.2004.65.637 Mueller, 2000, Effect of carboxymethylcellulose and a hyaluronate-carboxymethylcellulose membrane on healing of intestinal anastomoses in horses, Am J Vet Res, 61, 369, 10.2460/ajvr.2000.61.369 Mueller, 2000, Evaluation of a biosorbable hyaluronate-carboxymethylcellulose membrane for prevention of experimentally induced abdominal adhesions in horses, Vet Surg, 29, 48, 10.1111/j.1532-950X.2000.00048.x Eggleston, 2001, Quandt JE, et al. Use of a hyaluronate membrane for jejunal anastomosis in horses, Am J Vet Res, 62, 1314, 10.2460/ajvr.2001.62.1314 Dabareiner, 1994, Effect of a reperfusion solution, “Carolina rinse,” on intestinal vascular permeability and blood flow after jejunal ischemia and reperfusion in the horse, Vet Surg, 23, 399 Young, 2002, Treatment of ischaemic jejunum with topical and intraluminal Carolina rinse, Equine Vet J, 34, 469, 10.2746/042516402776117755 Dabareiner, 2003, Evaluation of Carolina rinse solution as a treatment for ischaemia reperfusion of the equine jejunum, Equine Vet J, 35, 642, 10.2746/042516403775696302 Dunn, 1984, The adjuvant effect of peritoneal fluid in experimental peritonitis, Ann Surg, 199, 37, 10.1097/00000658-198401000-00007 Hague, 1994, Evaluation of standing postoperative peritoneal lavage for prevention of experimentally induced abdominal adhesions in horses, Vet Surg, 27, 122, 10.1111/j.1532-950X.1998.tb00107.x Nieto, 2003, Use of an active intra-abdominal drain in 67 horses, Vet Surg, 32, 1, 10.1053/jvet.2003.50013 Kuebelbec, 1998, Effect of omentectomy on adhesion formation in horses, Vet Surg, 27, 132, 10.1111/j.1532-950X.1998.tb00109.x Boure, 2002, Evaluation of laparoscopic adhesiolysis for the treatment of experimentally induced adhesions in pony foals, Am J Vet Res, 63, 289, 10.2460/ajvr.2002.63.289 Lansdowne, 2004, Comparison of two laparoscopic treatments for experimentally induced abdominal adhesions in pony foals, Am J Vet Res, 65, 681, 10.2460/ajvr.2004.65.681 Walmsley, 1999, Review of equine laparoscopy and an analysis of 148 laparoscopies in the horse, Equine Vet J, 31, 456, 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1999.tb03851.x Tinker, 1997, A prospective study of equine colic incidence, risk factors, and mortality rates, Equine Vet J, 29, 448, 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1997.tb03157.x Cohen, 1995, Case-control study of the association between various management factors and development of colic in horses, J Am Vet Med Assoc, 206, 667 Harrison, 1998, Equine large intestinal volvulus: a review of 124 cases, Vet Surg, 17, 77, 10.1111/j.1532-950X.1988.tb00281.x Barclay, 1980, Volvulus of the large colon in the horse, J Am Vet Med Assoc, 177, 629 Hardy, 2000, Nephrosplenic entrapment in the horse: a retrospective study of 174 cases, Equine Vet J Suppl, 32, 95, 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2000.tb05342.x Baird, 1991, Renosplenic entrapment of the large colon in horses: 57 cases (1983–1988), J Am Vet Med Assoc, 198, 1423 Hance, 1992, Colopexy in broodmares: 44 cases(1986–1990), J Am Vet Med Assoc, 201, 782 Herthel, 1985, Partial large colon resection in the mare, Proc Am Assoc Equine Pract, 6, 487 Huskamp, 1980, Die verlagerung des colon ascenden in den milznierenraum beim pferd (2), Rierarztl Prax, 8, 495 Markel, 1985, Colopexy of the left large colon to the right large colon in the horse, Vet Surg, 14, 407 Markel, 1988, Colopexy of the large colon in four horses, J Am Vet Med Assoc, 192, 358 Markel, 1988, Colopexy of the equine large colon: comparison of two techniques, J Am Vet Med Assoc, 192, 354 Markel, 1989, Colopexy of the equine large colon: experimental and clinical results, Proc Am Assoc Equine Pract, 34, 45 Markel, 1989, Prevention of large colon displacements and volvulus, Vet Clin N Am Equine Pract, 4, 395, 10.1016/S0749-0739(17)30596-5 Embertson, 1991, Effects of colopexy in the broodmare, Proc Am Assoc Equine Pract, 36, 531 Aright, 1987, Extensive large colon resection in 12 horses, Can Vet J, 28, 245 Bertone, 1986, Large colon resection and anastomosis in horses, J Am Vet Med Assoc, 188, 612 Boening K, von Saldern F. Resection of the left large colon in horses. In: Proceedings of the Second Colic Research Symposium; 1986. p. 337. Ducharme, 1987, Extensive large colon resection in the pony. II. Digestibility studies and postmortem findings, Can J Vet Res, 51, 76 Ducharme, 1987, Extensive large colon resection in the pony: I. surgical procedures and clinical results, Can J Vet Res, 51, 66 Marien, 2001, Laparoscopic closure of the renosplenic space in standing horses, Vet Surg, 30, 559, 10.1053/jvet.2001.28436 Zekas, 1999, Ablation of the nephrosplenic space for treatment of recurring left dorsal displacement of the large colon in a racehorse, J Am Vet Med Assoc, 214, 1361 Epstein, 2006, Laparoscopic obliteration of the nephrosplenic space using polypropylene mesh in five horses, Vet Surg, 35, 431, 10.1111/j.1532-950X.2006.00171.x Mair, 2005, Survival and complication rates in 300 horses undergoing surgical treatment of colic. Part 3: long-term complications and survival, Equine Vet J, 37, 310, 10.2746/0425164054529445