Surfactin production is not essential for pellicle and root-associated biofilm development of Bacillus subtilis

Fan, 2017, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus velezensis, and Bacillus siamensis form an “operational group B. amyloliquefaciens” within the B. subtilis species complex, Front Microbiol, 8, 22, 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00022 Pérez-García, 2011, Plant protection and growth stimulation by microorganisms: biotechnological applications of Bacilli in agriculture, Curr Opin Biotechnol, 22, 187, 10.1016/j.copbio.2010.12.003 Aloo, 2019, The potential of Bacilli rhizobacteria for sustainable crop production and environmental sustainability, Microbiol Res, 219, 26, 10.1016/j.micres.2018.10.011 Borriss, 2011, Use of plant-associated Bacillus strains as biofertilizers and biocontrol agents in agriculture, 41 Ongena, 2008, Bacillus lipopeptides: versatile weapons for plant disease biocontrol, Trends Microbiol, 16, 115, 10.1016/j.tim.2007.12.009 Stein, 2005, Bacillus subtilis antibiotics: structures, syntheses and specific functions, Mol Microbiol, 56, 845, 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2005.04587.x Straight, 2007, A singular enzymatic megacomplex from Bacillus subtilis, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 104, 305, 10.1073/pnas.0609073103 Tosato, 1997, Sequence completion, identification and definition of the fengycin operon in Bacillus subtilis 168, Microbiology, 143, 3443, 10.1099/00221287-143-11-3443 Rizzi, 2018, Iron homeostasis in Bacillus subtilis requires siderophore production and biofilm formation, Appl Environ Microbiol, 85, 1, 10.1128/AEM.02439-18 Kraas, 2010, Functional dissection of surfactin synthetase initiation module reveals insights into the mechanism of lipoinitiation, Chem Biol, 17, 872, 10.1016/j.chembiol.2010.06.015 Jourdan, 2009, Insights into the defense-related events occurring in plant cells following perception of surfactin-type lipopeptide from Bacillus subtilis, Mol Plant Microbe Interact, 22, 456, 10.1094/MPMI-22-4-0456 Bartal, 2018, Effects of different cultivation parameters on the production of surfactin variants by a Bacillus subtilis strain, Molecules, 23, 2675, 10.3390/molecules23102675 Nihorimbere, 2012, Impact of rhizosphere factors on cyclic lipopeptide signature from the plant beneficial strain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens S499, FEMS Microbiol Ecol, 79, 176, 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2011.01208.x Shaligram, 2010, Surfactin -a review on biosynthesis, fermentation, purification and applications, Food Technol Biotechnol, 48, 119 Kearns, 2004, Swarming motility in undomesticated Bacillus subtilis, Mol Microbiol, 49, 581, 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03584.x Kovács, 2017, Surfing of bacterial droplets: Bacillus subtilis sliding revisited, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 114, E8802, 10.1073/pnas.1710371114 Grau, 2015, A duo of Potassium-responsive histidine kinases govern the multicellular destiny of Bacillus subtilis, mBio, 6, 1, 10.1128/mBio.00581-15 van Gestel, 2015, From cell differentiation to cell collectives: Bacillus subtilis uses division of labor to migrate, PLoS Biol, 13, 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002141 Bais, 2004, Biocontrol of Bacillus subtilis against infection of Arabidopsis roots by Pseudomonas syringae is facilitated by biofilm formation and surfactin production, Plant Physiol, 134, 307, 10.1104/pp.103.028712 Ongena, 2007, Brief report Surfactin and fengycin lipopeptides of Bacillus subtilis as elicitors of induced, systemic resistance in plants, 9, 1084 García-Gutiérrez, 2013, The antagonistic strain Bacillus subtilis UMAF6639 also confers protection to melon plants against cucurbit powdery mildew by activation of jasmonate- and salicylic acid-dependent defence responses, Microb Biotechnol, 6, 264, 10.1111/1751-7915.12028 Farace, 2015, Cyclic lipopeptides from Bacillus subtilis activate distinct patterns of defence responses in grapevine, Mol Plant Pathol, 16, 177, 10.1111/mpp.12170 Chen, 2009, Genome analysis of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42 reveals its potential for biocontrol of plant pathogens, J Biotechnol, 140, 27, 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.10.011 Zeriouh, 2014, Surfactin triggers biofilm formation of Bacillus subtilis in melon phylloplane and contributes to the biocontrol activity, Environ Microbiol, 16, 2196, 10.1111/1462-2920.12271 Chowdhury, 2015, Cyclic lipopeptides of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum colonizing the lettuce rhizosphere enhance plant defence responses towards the bottom rot pathogen Rhizoctonia solani, Mol Plant Microbe Interact, 28, 17, 10.1094/MPMI-03-15-0066-R López, 2009, Structurally diverse natural products that cause potassium leakage trigger multicellularity in Bacillus subtilis, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 106, 280, 10.1073/pnas.0810940106 Oslizlo, 2015, Exploring ComQXPA quorum-sensing diversity and biocontrol potential of Bacillus spp. isolates from tomato rhizoplane, Microb Biotechnol, 8, 527, 10.1111/1751-7915.12258 Branda, 2001, Fruiting body formation by Bacillus subtilis, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 98, 11621, 10.1073/pnas.191384198 Gallegos-Monterrosa, 2016, Specific Bacillus subtilis 168 variants form biofilms on nutrient-rich medium, Microbiology, 162, 1922, 10.1099/mic.0.000371 Kiesewalter, 2020, Complete genome sequences of 13 Bacillus subtilis Soil isolates for studying secondary metabolite diversity, Microbiol Resour Announc, 9, 10.1128/MRA.01406-19 Kunst, 1995, Salt stress is an environmental signal affecting degradative enzyme synthesis in Bacillus subtilis, J Bacteriol, 177, 2403, 10.1128/JB.177.9.2403-2407.1995 Chen, 2009, Role of the sigmaD-dependent autolysins in Bacillus subtilis population heterogeneity, J Bacteriol, 191, 5775, 10.1128/JB.00521-09 van Gestel, 2014, Density of founder cells affects spatial pattern formation and cooperation in Bacillus subtilis biofilms, ISME J, 8, 2069, 10.1038/ismej.2014.52 Ahimou, 2000, Surfactin and iturin A effects on Bacillus subtilis surface hydrophobicity, Enzym Microb Technol, 27, 749, 10.1016/S0141-0229(00)00295-7 Beauregard, 2013, Bacillus subtilis biofilm induction by plant polysaccharides, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 110, E1621, 10.1073/pnas.1218984110 Lamprecht, 2007, CellProfilerTM: free, versatile software for automated biological image analysis, Biotechniques, 42, 71, 10.2144/000112257 Debois, 2015, Plant polysaccharides initiate underground crosstalk with bacilli by inducing synthesis of the immunogenic lipopeptide surfactin, Environ Microbiol Rep, 7, 570, 10.1111/1758-2229.12286 Ghelardi, 2012, Contribution of surfactin and SwrA to flagellin expression, swimming, and surface motility in Bacillus subtilis, Appl Environ Microbiol, 78, 6540, 10.1128/AEM.01341-12 Davies, 1990, What are antibiotics? Archaic functions for modern activities, Mol Microbiol, 4, 1227, 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1990.tb00701.x Traxler, 2015, Natural products in soil microbe interactions and evolution, Nat Prod Rep, 32, 956, 10.1039/C5NP00013K Romero, 2011, Antibiotics as signal molecules, Chem Rev, 111, 5492, 10.1021/cr2000509 Oslizlo, 2014, Private link between signal and response in Bacillus subtilis quorum sensing, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 111, 1586, 10.1073/pnas.1316283111 Pollak, 2016, Facultative cheating supports the coexistence of diverse quorum-sensing alleles, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 113, 2152, 10.1073/pnas.1520615113 Vlamakis, 2013, Sticking together: building a biofilm the Bacillus subtilis way, Nat Rev Microbiol, 11, 157, 10.1038/nrmicro2960 Luo, 2015, Bacillomycin L and surfactin contribute synergistically to the phenotypic features of Bacillus subtilis 916 and the biocontrol of rice sheath blight induced by Rhizoctonia solani, Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 99, 1897, 10.1007/s00253-014-6195-4