Surface wind gust prediction over Incheon international airport using the unified model

Abel SJ, Shipway BJ (2007) A comparison of cloud-resolving model predictions of trade wind cumulus with aircraft observations taken during RICO. Quart J Roy Meteor Soc 133:781–794. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.55

Boutle IA, Eyre JEJ, Lock AP (2014) Seamless strato-cumulus prediction across the turbulent grey zone. Mon Wea Rev 142:1655–1668. https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-13-00229.1

Boutle IA, Finnenkoetter A, Lock AP, Wells H (2016) The London model: forecasting fog at 333m resolution. Quart J Roy Meteor Soc 142:360–371. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.2656

Chan PW, Hon KK (2016) Performance of super high resolution numerical weather prediction model in forecasting terrain-disrupted airflow at the Hong Kong International Airport: case studies. Meteorol Appl 23:101–114. https://doi.org/10.1002/met.1534

Charney JG, Phillips NA (1953) Numerical integration of the quasigeostrophic equations for barotropic and simple baroclinic flows. J Meteor 10:71–99

Clark P, Roberts N, Lean H, Ballard SP, Charlton-Perez C (2016) Convection-permitting models: a step-change in rainfall forecasting. Meteor Appl 23:165–181. https://doi.org/10.1002/met.1538

Clayton AM, Lorenc AC, Barker DM (2013) Operational implementation of a hybrid ensemble/4D-Var global data assimilation system at the Met Office. Q J R Meteorol Soc 139:1445–1461. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.2054

Dash SK, Sahu DK, Sahu SC (2013) Impact of AWS observations in WRF-3DVAR data assimilation system: a case study on abnormal warming condition in Odisha. Nat Haz 65:767–798. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-012-0393-0

Davies T, Cullen MJP, Malcolm AJ, Mawson MH, Staniforth A, White AA, Wood N (2005) A new dynamical core for the Met Office's global and regional modelling of the atmosphere. Quart J R Meteor Soc 131:1759–1782

Edwards JM, Slingo A (1996) Studies with a flexible new radiation code. I: choosing a configuration for a large-scale model. Quart J R Meteor Soc 122:689–719. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49712253107

Golding BW, Ballard SP, Mylne K, Roberts N, Saulter A, Wilson C, Agnew P, Davis LS, Trice J, Jones C, Simonin D, Li Z, Pierce C, Bennett A, Weeks M, Moseley S (2014) Forecasting capabilities for the London 2012 Olympics. Bull Amer Meteor Soc. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00102.1

Gregory D, Rowntree PR (1990) A mass flux convection scheme with representation of cloud ensemble characteristics and stability dependent closure. Mon Wea Rev 118:1483–1506

Hong SO (2016) Development of prediction model for urban and rural area. National Institute of Meteorological Sciences report series

Jordi B, Folch A, Afif AS, Miró JR (2015) Assimilation of surface AWS using 3DVAR and LAPS and their effects on short-term high-resolution weather forecasts. Atmos Res 156:160–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2014.12.019

Lock AP, Brown AR, Bush MR, Martin GM, Smith RNB (2000) A new boundary layer mixing scheme. Part I: scheme description and single-column model tests. Mon Wea Rev 128:3187–3199. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493%282000%29128%3C3187%3AANBLMS%3E2.0.CO%3B2

Lock AP (2001) The numerical representation of entrainment in parameterisations of boundary layer turbulent mixing. Mon Wea Rev 128:1148–1163

Prasanna V, Choi HW, Jung J, Lee YG, Kim BJ (2018) High resolution wind prediction over Incheon International Airport (IIA) with the Unified Model’s Rose nesting suite from KMA operational forecasts. Asia-Pac J Atmos Sci 54(2):1–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13143-018-0003-5

Regmi RP (2014a) Aviation hazards over the Jomsom Airport of Nepal as revealed by numerical prediction of local flows. J Inst Sci Technol 19(1):111–120

Regmi RP (2014b) Aviation hazards in the sky over Thada as revealed by meso-scale meteorological modeling. J Inst Sci Technol 19(2):65–70

Smagorinsky J (1963) General circulation experiments with the primitive equations. Part 1: The basic experiment. Mon Wea Rev 91:99–164. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1963)0912.3.CO2

Smith RNB (1990) A scheme for predicting layer cloud and their water content in a general circulation model. Q J R Meteor Soc 116:435–460. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49711649210

Smith SA, Vosper SB, Field PR (2015) Sensitivity of orographic precipitation enhancement to horizontal resolution in the operational met office weather forecasts. Meteorol Appl 22:14–24. https://doi.org/10.1002/met.1352

Stein THM, Hogan RJ, Hanley KE, Nicol JC, Lean HW, Plant RS, Clark PA, Halliwell CE (2014) The three-dimensional morphology of predicted and observed convective storms over southern England. Mon Wea Rev 142:3264–3283. https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-13-00372.1

Stein THM, Hogan RJ, Clark PA, Halliwell CE, Hanley KE, Lean HW, Nicol JC, Plant RS (2015) A statistical approach for the evaluation of convective storms in high-resolution NWP models. Bull Amer Meteor Soc. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00279.1

Unnikrishnan CK, Gharai B, Mohandas S, Mamgain A, Rajagopal EN, Iyengar GR, Rao PVN (2016) Recent changes on land use/land cover over Indian region and its impact on the weather prediction using unified model. Atmos Sci Let 17:294–300

Van Genuchten MT (1980) A closed-form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils. Soil Sci Soc Am J 44:892–898

Vosper SB, Carter E, Lean H, Lock A, Clark P, Webster S (2013) High-resolution modelling of valley cold pools. Atmos Sci Lett 14:193–199. https://doi.org/10.1002/asl2.439

Vosper SB, Hughes JK, Lock AP, Sheridan PF, Ross AN, Jemmett-Smith B, Brown AR (2014) Cold-pool formation in a narrow valley. Q J R Meteor Soc 140:699–714. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.2160

Wilson DR, Ballard SP (1999) A microphysically based precipitation scheme for the UK meteorological office unified model. Q J R Meteor Soc 125:1607–1636. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49712555707

Wilson DR, Bushell AC, Kerr-Munslow AM, Price JD, Morcrette CJ (2008) PC2: a prognostic cloud fraction and condensation scheme. I: Scheme description. Q J R Meteor Soc 134:2093–2107. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.333

Wong WK, Lau CS, Chan PW (2013) Aviation model: a fine-scale numerical weather prediction system for aviation applications at the Hong Kong International Airport. Adv Meteorol. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/532475

Wood N, Staniforth A, White A, Allen T, Diamantakis M, Gross M, Melvin T, Smith C, Vosper SB, Zerroukat M, Thuburn J (2014) An inherently mass-conserving semi-implicit semi-Lagrangian discretisation of the deep-atmosphere global nonhydrostatic equations. Q J R Meteor Soc 140:1505–1520. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.2235