Surface treatment of rail to enhance rolling contact fatigue and wear resistance: Combined spot laminar plasma quenching and tempering method

Zhou, 2018, Prediction of the coexistence of rail head check initiation and wear growth, Int. J. Fatigue, 112, 289, 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2018.03.027 Zhang, 2023, Effect of vibration amplitude and axle load on the rail rolling contact fatigue under water condition, Int. J. Fatigue, 167, 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2022.107329 Wang, 2022, A machine learning based methodology for broken rail prediction on freight railroads: A case study in the United States, Constr. Build. Mater., 346, 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.128353 Wang, 2021, A feature engineering framework for online fault diagnosis of freight train air brakes, Measurement, 182, 10.1016/j.measurement.2021.109672 Wang, 2023, Severe rail wear detection with rail running band images, Comput.-Aided Civil Infrastruct, Eng., 38, 1162 Xue, 2023, Systematic review: Ultrasonic technology for detecting rail defects, Constr. Build. Mater., 368, 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.130409 Hu, 2020, Comparison of wear and rolling contact fatigue behaviours of bainitic and pearlitic rails under various rolling-sliding conditions, Wear, 460-461, 10.1016/j.wear.2020.203455 Feng, 2014, Sliding wear and low cycle fatigue properties of new carbide free bainitic rail steel, Mater. Sci. Technol., 30, 1410, 10.1179/1743284713Y.0000000474 Zhu, 2019, A Review on Wear Between Railway Wheels and Rails Under Environmental Conditions, J. Tribol., 141, 10.1115/1.4044464 Ruijie, 2023, Research progress on rolling contact fatigue damage of bainitic rail steel, Eng. Fail. Anal., 143, 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2022.106875 Meng, 2021, Laser-induction hybrid cladding of different coatings on rail surface: Microstructure, wear properties and contact fatigue behaviors, Appl. Surf. Sci., 566, 10.1016/j.apsusc.2021.150678 Xie, 2021, Investigation on the Rolling Contact Fatigue Behaviors of Different Laser Cladding Materials on the Damaged Rail, J. Tribol., 143, 10.1115/1.4050690 Xiao, 2023, High-temperature tribological properties of coatings repaired by laser additive manufacturing on railway wheel tread damage, Wear, 520-521, 10.1016/j.wear.2023.204674 Liu, 2021, Investigation on material characteristics and fatigue crack behavior of thermite welded rail joint, Constr. Build. Mater., 276, 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.122249 Sarikavak, 2020, Influence of welding on microstructure and strength of rail steel, Constr. Build. Mater., 243, 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118220 Wang, 2022, Study on the mechanism of plasma jet surface hardening of rail steels by using numerical method, Mater. Today. Commun., 31 Wang, 2022, Theoretical study of laminar plasma quenching of rail steel using the fluid-solid-thermal coupling method, Int J Therm Sci, 179, 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2022.107708 Meng, 2021, Comparison on the microstructure, bending properties and tribological behaviors of rail materials treated by laser dispersed quenching and induction assisted laser dispersed quenching, Surf. Coat. Technol., 410, 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.126936 Zhao, 2021, Numerical investigation on the rolling contact wear and fatigue of laser dispersed quenched U71Mn rail, Int. J. Fatigue, 143, 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2020.106010 Ding, 2022, Effect of laser claddings of Fe-based alloy powder with different concentrations of WS2 on the mechanical and tribological properties of railway wheel, Wear, 488-489, 10.1016/j.wear.2021.204174 Ding, 2020, Effect of preheating/post-isothermal treatment temperature on microstructures and properties of cladding on U75V rail prepared by plasma cladding method, Surf. Coat. Technol., 399, 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2020.126122 Xu, 2021, Investigation on wear and damage characteristics of high-speed rail steel with plasma selective quenching, Wear, 486–487 Zheng, 2017, A novel laser surface compositing by selective laser quenching to enhance railway service life, Tribol. Int., 106, 46, 10.1016/j.triboint.2016.09.020 Cao, 2018, Investigation on the microstructure and damage characteristics of wheel and rail materials subject to laser dispersed quenching, Appl. Surf. Sci., 450, 468, 10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.04.210 Su, 2019, Investigation on the rolling wear and damage properties of laser dispersed quenched rail materials treated with different ratios, Tribol. Int., 135, 488, 10.1016/j.triboint.2019.03.022 Ding, 2019, Investigation on the rolling wear and damage properties of laser discrete quenched rail material with different quenching shapes and patterns, Surf. Coat. Technol., 378, 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2019.124991 Shi, 2019, Influence of laser strengthening techniques on anti-wear and anti-fatigue properties of rail welding joint, Eng. Fail. Anal., 101, 72, 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2019.03.012 Zhang, 2021, The rolling-sliding wear behavior and damage mechanism of the rail steel treated by plasma selective quenching, Surf. Coat. Technol., 428, 127908, 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127908 Xu, 2020, An investigation into the microstructure and tribological properties of rail materials with plasma selective quenching, Tribol. Int., 146, 10.1016/j.triboint.2019.106032 Gao, 2021, Numerical investigation of crack initiation on rail surfaces considering laminar plasma quenching technology, Tribol. Int., 154, 10.1016/j.triboint.2020.106755 Wang, 2023, Determining the elastic-plastic properties of materials with residual stress included using nanoindentation experiments and dimensionless functions, Eng. Fract. Mech., 282, 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2023.109175 Hu, 2020, Investigation on wear and rolling contact fatigue of wheel-rail materials under various wheel/rail hardness ratio and creepage conditions, Tribol. Int., 143, 10.1016/j.triboint.2019.106091 Wang, 2023, Effect of material non-uniformity and residual stress on wear and transient rolling contact behaviour in laminar plasma quenched (LPQ) rails, Wear, 523, 10.1016/j.wear.2023.204767