Surface chemistry and catalysis on well-defined epitaxial iron-oxide layers

Progress in Surface Science - Tập 70 Số 1-3 - Trang 1-151 - 2002
W. Weiß1, W. Ranke1
1Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany

Tóm tắt

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

1997

Boehm, 1983, vol. 4, 39

Kung, 1991, vol. 45

Freund, 1993, vol. 33

Henrich, 1994

Noguera, 1996

Centi, 2000

Jacobs, 1998, J. Mol. Catal. A, 131, 5, 10.1016/S1381-1169(97)00252-5

Schlögl, 1997, vol. 4, 1697

Freund, 1997, Angew. Chem., 109, 444, 10.1002/ange.19971090504

Noguera, 2000, J. Phys. Cond. Matter, 12, R367, 10.1088/0953-8984/12/31/201

Kochloefl, 1997, vol. 5, 2151

Langmuir, 1916, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 38, 2221, 10.1021/ja02268a002

Langmuir, 1918, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 40, 1361, 10.1021/ja02242a004

Wedler, 1970, vol. 9

Christmann, 1991

Clark, 1970

Dash, 1975

Steele, 1974

Freund, 1997, vol. 4, 911

Lennard-Jones, 1932, Trans. Faraday Soc., 28, 333, 10.1039/tf9322800333

1990

Bagus, 1994, J. Electron. Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 69, 109, 10.1016/S0368-2048(14)80002-9

Boszo, 1977, J. Catal., 49, 18, 10.1016/0021-9517(77)90237-8

Ertl, 1983

Tomanek, 1984, Phys. Rev. B, 31, 2488, 10.1103/PhysRevB.31.2488

1990, 3

Christmann, 1988, Surf. Sci. Rep., 9, 1, 10.1016/0167-5729(88)90009-X

Wandelt, 1982, Surf. Sci. Rep., 2, 1, 10.1016/0167-5729(82)90003-6

Brundle, 1990, vol. 3

Blyholder, 1964, J. Phys. Chem., 2772, 68

Hammer, 1996, Phys. Rev. Lett., 76, 2141, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.76.2141

Norskov, 1987, Surf. Sci., 189, 91, 10.1016/S0039-6028(87)80419-3

Ruban, 1997, J. Mol. Catal. A, 115, 421, 10.1016/S1381-1169(96)00348-2

Behm, 1998, Acta Phys. Pol. A, 93, 259, 10.12693/APhysPolA.93.259

Gleich, 1997, Surf. Sci., 386, 48, 10.1016/S0039-6028(97)00302-6

Ruff, 1998, Appl. Phys. A, 66, S513, 10.1007/s003390051193

Pöhlchen, 1992, J. Chem. Phys., 97, 2583, 10.1063/1.463098

Staemmler, 1993, vol. 33, 169

Pacchioni, 1991, Surf. Sci., 225, 344, 10.1016/0039-6028(91)90691-K

Pacchioni, 1992, Surf. Sci., 275, 450, 10.1016/0039-6028(92)90818-Q

Pacchioni, 1993, Surf. Sci., 281, 257, 10.1016/0039-6028(93)90869-L

Pacchioni, 1993, vol. 33, 180

Neymann, 1993, J. Chem. Phys., 168, 267

Neymann, 1993, Surf. Sci., 297, 223, 10.1016/0039-6028(93)90266-M

1993, Chem. Phys., 177, 561, 10.1016/0301-0104(93)80033-6

Pisani, 1989, Surf. Sci., 216, 267, 10.1016/0039-6028(89)90390-7

Nygren, 1994, J. Electron. Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 69, 43, 10.1016/S0368-2048(14)80007-8

Vesecky, 1994, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A, 12, 2114, 10.1116/1.579146

Heidberg, 1993, Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem., 97, 211, 10.1002/bbpc.19930970314

Cappus, 1995, Surf. Sci. L, 421, 325

Gerlach, 1995, Surf. Sci., 331, 2490, 10.1016/0039-6028(95)00270-7

Xu, 1991, Phys. Rev. Lett., 67, 3551, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.67.3551

Wu, 1993, J. Phys. Chem., 97, 4182, 10.1021/j100118a039

Heidberg, 1993, vol. 33, 46

Pearson, 1973

Kung, 1985, Catal. Rev. Sci. Eng., 27, 425, 10.1080/01614948508064741

Knözinger, 1976, Adv. Catal., 184, 25

Thiel, 1987, Surf. Sci. Rep., 7, 211, 10.1016/0167-5729(87)90001-X

Liu, 1998, Surf. Sci., 416, 326, 10.1016/S0039-6028(98)00271-4

Henderson, 1994, Surf. Sci., 319, 315, 10.1016/0039-6028(94)90598-3

Henderson, 1998, Surf. Sci., 417, 66, 10.1016/S0039-6028(98)00662-1

Liu, 1998, Surf. Sci., 412/413, 287, 10.1016/S0039-6028(98)00444-0

Liu, 1998, Surf. Sci., 417, 53, 10.1016/S0039-6028(98)00661-X

Cappus, 1993, Chem. Phys., 177, 533, 10.1016/0301-0104(93)80031-4

Rohr, 1994, Surf. Sci. L, 977, 315

Cappus, 1995, Surf. Sci., 337, 268, 10.1016/0039-6028(95)00624-9

Mars, 1954, Chem. Eng. Sci. Suppl., 3, 41, 10.1016/S0009-2509(54)80005-4

Cappus, 1995, Surf. Sci., 337, 268, 10.1016/0039-6028(95)00624-9

Ranke, 2000, Surf. Sci., 465, 317, 10.1016/S0039-6028(00)00721-4

Christmann, 1982, Surf. Sci., 120, 291, 10.1016/0039-6028(82)90152-2

Ranke, 1998, Surf. Sci., 414, 236, 10.1016/S0039-6028(98)00515-9

Borroni-Bird, 1991, Chem. Phys. Lett., 183, 516, 10.1016/0009-2614(91)80168-W

Borroni-Bird, 1991, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 62, 1, 10.1063/1.1142525

Ehrlich, 1963, Adv. Catal., 14, 255, 10.1016/S0360-0564(08)60341-7

Redhead, 1962, Vacuum, 12, 203, 10.1016/0042-207X(62)90978-8

King, 1975, Surf. Sci., 47, 384, 10.1016/0039-6028(75)90302-7

Menzel, 1975, vol. 4

Petermann, 1972, Prog. Surf. Sci., 1, 2

Polanyi, 1932, Trans. Faraday Soc., 28, 314, 10.1039/TF9322800316

Niemantsverdriet, 2000

Dresser, 1974, Surf. Sci., 42, 533, 10.1016/0039-6028(74)90037-5

Habenschaden, 1984, Surf. Sci., 138, L147, 10.1016/0039-6028(84)90488-6

Kreuzer, 1993

Zscherpel, 1997, Surf. Sci., 382, 326, 10.1016/S0039-6028(97)00195-7

Chan, 1978, Surf. Sci., 1, 360, 10.1016/0378-5963(78)90038-7

Falconer, 1975, Surf. Sci., 48, 393, 10.1016/0039-6028(75)90414-8

Atkins, 1987

Joseph, 2000, J. Phys. Chem. B, 104, 3224, 10.1021/jp9932012

Temkin, 1940, Acta Physicochim. USSR, 12, 327

Brunauer, 1938, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 60, 309, 10.1021/ja01269a023

Freundlich, 1926

Zeldowitsch, 1934, Acta Physicochim. USSR, 1, 961

Poelsema, 1985, Surf. Sci., 152/153, 496, 10.1016/0039-6028(85)90181-5

Rendulic, 1988, Appl. Phys. A, 47, 55, 10.1007/BF00619698

Russel, 1986, J. Chem. Phys., 85, 6186, 10.1063/1.451485

Raval, 1990, vol. 3

Michelsen, 1994, vol. 34, 185

King, 1972, Surf. Sci., 29, 454, 10.1016/0039-6028(72)90232-4

King, 1974, Proc. R. Soc. London A, 339, 245, 10.1098/rspa.1974.0120

Rendulic, 1989, Surf. Sci., 208, 404, 10.1016/0039-6028(89)90010-1

Rettner, 1986, J. Phys., 85, 1131

Hamza, 1987, J. Chem. Phys., 86, 6506, 10.1063/1.452442

Rettner, 1986, J. Phys., 85, 1131

Lee, 1987, J. Chem. Phys., 86, 2724, 10.1063/1.453060

Morris, 1984, 1

Kisliuk, 1958, J. Phys. Chem. Sol., 5, 78, 10.1016/0022-3697(58)90132-X

Kisliuk, 1957, J. Phys. Chem. Sol., 3, 95, 10.1016/0022-3697(57)90054-9

Christmann, 1974, J. Chem. Phys., 60, 4528, 10.1063/1.1680935

Engel, 1978, J. Chem. Phys., 69, 373, 10.1063/1.436363

Ertl, 1970, Z. Naturforsch., 25a, 1906, 10.1515/zna-1970-1218

Campbell, 1981, Surf. Sci., 107, 207, 10.1016/0039-6028(81)90621-X

Norskov, 1997, vol. 3, 983

Hammer, 1994, Phys. Rev. Lett., 73, 1400, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.73.1400

Evans, 1992, J. Chem. Phys., 97, 572, 10.1063/1.463552

Deem, 1992, Surf. Sci., 276, 99, 10.1016/0039-6028(92)90699-7

Zhdanov, 1994, Surf. Sci. Rep., 20, 111, 10.1016/0167-5729(94)90009-4

Ertl, 1993

Ertl, 1993, Surf. Sci., 287, 1, 10.1016/0039-6028(93)90732-Y

Masel, 1996

Rostrup-Nielsen, 1993, 441

Hinrichsen, 1996, Chem. Eng. Sci., 51, 1683, 10.1016/0009-2509(96)00027-9

Rasmussen, 1994, Catal. Lett., 26, 373, 10.1007/BF00810611

Rekoske, 1992, J. Phys. Chem., 96, 1880, 10.1021/j100183a067

Oh, 1986, J. Catal., 100, 360, 10.1016/0021-9517(86)90103-X

Stoltze, 1985, Phys. Rev. Lett., 55, 2502, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.55.2502

Schlögl, 1988, Catal. Lett., 1, 237, 10.1007/BF00766181

Muhler, 1994, Catal. Lett., 24, 317, 10.1007/BF00811804

Heinz, 1988, Prog. Surf. Sci., 27, 239, 10.1016/0079-6816(88)90008-1

1990, Vacuum, 41, 328, 10.1016/0042-207X(90)90349-4

Somorjai, 1994

Knop-Gericke, 1998, Angew. Chem., 13, 110

Bao, 1996, Phys. Rev. B, 54, 2249, 10.1103/PhysRevB.54.2249

Goodman, 1980, J. Catal., 63, 226, 10.1016/0021-9517(80)90075-5

Kelley, 1982, Surf. Sci., 123, L743, 10.1016/0039-6028(82)90319-3

Eggleston, 1992, Am. Miner., 77, 911

Kurtz, 1983, Surf. Sci., 129, 345, 10.1016/0039-6028(83)90185-1

Kurtz, 1987, Phys. Rev. B, 36, 3413, 10.1103/PhysRevB.36.3413

Lennie, 1996, Phys. Rev. B, 15, 10244, 10.1103/PhysRevB.53.10244

Condon, 1995, Phys. Rev. Lett., 75, 1961, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.1961

Jansen, 1995, Surf. Sci., 328, 237, 10.1016/0039-6028(95)00173-5

Guo, 1995, Surf. Sci., 340, L999, 10.1016/0039-6028(95)00703-2

Tarrach, 1993, Surf. Sci., 285, 1, 10.1016/0039-6028(93)90908-3

Stierle, 1995, Surf. Sci., 327, 9, 10.1016/0039-6028(94)00830-2

Jaeger, 1991, Surf. Sci., 259, 235, 10.1016/0039-6028(91)90555-7

Mueller, 1990, Surf. Sci., 237, 72, 10.1016/0039-6028(90)90520-I

Inoue, 1996, Thin Solid Films, 281, 24, 10.1016/0040-6090(96)08566-5

Schierbaum, 1998, Surf. Sci., 399, 29, 10.1016/S0039-6028(97)00808-X

Maurice, 1990, Surf. Sci., 237, 116, 10.1016/0039-6028(90)90524-C

Bertrams, 1996, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 14, 1141, 10.1116/1.588416

Oh, 1997, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A, 15, 1710, 10.1116/1.580925

Zhang, 1997, Surf. Sci., 375, 1, 10.1016/S0039-6028(96)01256-3

Kishi, 1996, Surf. Sci., 356, 171, 10.1016/0039-6028(96)00015-5

Chen, 1994, Surf. Sci., 312, L767, 10.1016/0039-6028(94)90719-6

Street, 1997, Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem., 48, 43, 10.1146/annurev.physchem.48.1.43

Chambers, 2000, Surf. Sci. Rep., 39, 105, 10.1016/S0167-5729(00)00005-4

Boffa, 1995, Surf. Sci., 326, 80, 10.1016/0039-6028(94)00760-8

Hermann, 1996, J. Mater. Res. B, 14, 1126

Hardacre, 1995, Surf. Sci., 326, 1, 10.1016/0039-6028(94)00783-7

Vurens, 1988, Surf. Sci., 201, 129, 10.1016/0039-6028(88)90602-4

Vurens, 1988, Surf. Sci., 199, L387, 10.1016/0039-6028(88)90391-3

Vurens, 1992, Surf. Sci., 268, 170, 10.1016/0039-6028(92)90960-E

Galloway, 1993, Surf. Sci., 298, 127, 10.1016/0039-6028(93)90089-3

Galloway, 1994, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A, 12, 2302, 10.1116/1.579203

Galloway, 1996, Phys. Rev. B, 54, R11145, 10.1103/PhysRevB.54.R11145

Kim, 1997, Phys. Rev. B, 55, R13448, 10.1103/PhysRevB.55.R13448

Gaines, 1997, Surf. Sci., 373, 85, 10.1016/S0039-6028(96)01145-4

Fujii, 1989, J. Appl. Phys., 666, 3168, 10.1063/1.344154

Voogt, 1995, Surf. Sci., 331, 1508, 10.1016/0039-6028(95)00347-9

Gao, 1997, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A, 15, 332, 10.1116/1.580488

Gao, 1997, J. Appl. Phys., 81, 3253, 10.1063/1.364355

Kim, 1997, Surf. Sci., 371, 358, 10.1016/S0039-6028(96)00999-5

Lind, 1992, Phys. Rev. B, 45, 1838, 10.1103/PhysRevB.45.1838

van der Zaag, 1996, J. Appl. Phys., 79, 5103, 10.1063/1.361315

Stoneham, 1976

Tasker, 1979, J. Phys. C: Solid State Phys., 12, 4977, 10.1088/0022-3719/12/22/036

Heyes, 1977, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. II, 10, 1485, 10.1039/f29777301485

Parry, 1975, Surf. Sci., 49, 433, 10.1016/0039-6028(75)90362-3

Lacman, 1965, Colloq. Int. CNRS, 152, 195

Wolf, 1992, Phys. Rev. Lett., 68, 3315, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.68.3315

Weiss, 1993, Phys. Rev. Lett., 71, 1848, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.71.1848

Rohr, 1997, Surf. Sci., 372, L291, 10.1016/S0039-6028(96)01255-1

1997, Surf. Sci., 389, 391, 10.1016/S0039-6028(97)00518-9

Manassidis, 1993, Surf. Sci., 285, L517, 10.1016/0039-6028(93)90423-H

Wang, 1998, Phys. Rev. Lett., 81, 1038, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.1038

Yang, 1982, Solid State Commun., 43, 847, 10.1016/0038-1098(82)90853-5

Hamers, 1986, Phys. Rev. B, 34, 5343, 10.1103/PhysRevB.34.5343

Barbieri, 1994, Surf. Sci., 302, 259, 10.1016/0039-6028(94)90832-X

Weiss, 1998, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A, 16, 21, 10.1116/1.580975

Nakao, 1975, Vacuum, 25, 431, 10.1016/0042-207X(75)90491-1

H. Ohlinger, S. Stadelmann, in: Urban und Schwarzenberg (Eds.), Ullmanns Enzyklopädie der Technische Chemie, vol. 16, München, Berlin, 1965, p. 460

Kearby, 1955, vol. III, 469

Nova Chemicals Corp., Supplemental Financial and Product Information 2000. Available from: www.novachem.com/investorrelations/reports/2000AnnualReport/FactBook2000.pdf.

Lee, 1973, Catal. Rev., 8, 285, 10.1080/01614947408071864

Coulter, 1995, Catal. Lett., 31, 1, 10.1007/BF00817027

Hirano, 1986, Appl. Catal., 28, 119, 10.1016/S0166-9834(00)82497-5

Hirano, 1986, Appl. Catal., 26, 65, 10.1016/S0166-9834(00)82542-7

Muhler, 1990, J. Catal., 126, 339, 10.1016/0021-9517(90)90003-3

Mross, 1983, Catal. Rev. Sci. Eng., 25, 591, 10.1080/01614948308078057

Muhler, 1992, J. Catal., 138, 413, 10.1016/0021-9517(92)90295-S

Carra, 1965, Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev., 4, 281, 10.1021/i260015a009

Lebedev, 1977, Kinet. Katal., 18, 1177

Tetenyi, 1976, Z. Phys. Chem., 102, 267, 10.1524/zpch.1976.102.5_6.267

Addiego, 1994, J. Catal., 146, 407, 10.1006/jcat.1994.1078

Gibson, 1976, J. Catal., 41, 420, 10.1016/0021-9517(76)90243-8

Wang, 1985, Appl. Catal., 16, 89, 10.1016/S0166-9834(00)84072-5

M. Muhler, Ph.D. Thesis, Fritz Haber Institute, Berlin, 1989

R.H. Allen, T. Alfrey, L.D. Yats, US Patent 3 487564, 1970

Bridgewater, 1982, Appl. Catal., 4, 267, 10.1016/0166-9834(82)80109-7

Richard, 1989, Catal. Today, 6, 171, 10.1016/0920-5861(89)85020-5

Guerrero-Ruiz, 1992, Appl. Catal. A: Gen., 81, 81, 10.1016/0926-860X(92)80262-B

Ledoux, 1989, J. Catal., 115, 580, 10.1016/0021-9517(89)90059-6

Minachev, 1984, Zeolites, 4, 270, 10.1016/0144-2449(84)90037-X

Guerrero-Ruiz, 1994, Carbon, 32, 23, 10.1016/0008-6223(94)90005-1

Grunewald, 1990, J. Mol. Catal., 58, 227, 10.1016/0304-5102(90)85042-G

Tagawa, 1983, J. Catal., 79, 47, 10.1016/0021-9517(83)90288-9

Murakami, 1981, J. Catal., 71, 257, 10.1016/0021-9517(81)90228-1

Emig, 1983, J. Catal., 84, 15, 10.1016/0021-9517(83)90081-7

Schraut, 1988, J. Catal., 112, 221, 10.1016/0021-9517(88)90136-4

Vrieland, 1988, J. Catal., 111, 1, 10.1016/0021-9517(88)90060-7

1988, J. Catal., 111, 14, 10.1016/0021-9517(88)90061-9

Vrieland, 1991, Appl. Catal., 77, 1, 10.1016/0166-9834(91)80018-R

Schraut, 1987, Appl. Catal., 29, 311, 10.1016/S0166-9834(00)82901-2

Cadus, 1990, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 29, 1143, 10.1021/ie00103a009

Alkhazov, 1976, Kinet. Katal., 17, 434

Echigoya, 1992, vol. V, 623

Tagiev, 1984, 9th Actas Simp. Iberoam. Catal., 2, 944

Cornell, 1996

Ketteler, 2001, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 3, 1114, 10.1039/b009288f

Equitherm Version 3.0, VCH Scientific Software, VCH, Weinheim, 1993

Muan, 1958, Am. J. Sci., 256, 171, 10.2475/ajs.256.3.171

Darken, 1945, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 67, 1398, 10.1021/ja01224a050

Katsura, 1967, J. Chem. Phys., 47, 4559, 10.1063/1.1701668

Wyckoff, 1982, second ed., vols. I–III, 89

Verwey, 1947, J. Chem. Phys., 15, 458

Tsuda, 1991

Schedel-Niedrig, 1995, Phys. Rev. B, 52, 17449, 10.1103/PhysRevB.52.17449

Weiss, 1999, Phys. Rev. B, 59, 5201, 10.1103/PhysRevB.59.5201

D. Zscherpel, Ph.D. Thesis, Oberhofer, Berlin, 1998

Yanase, 1984, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 53, 312, 10.1143/JPSJ.53.312

Zhang, 1991, Phys. Rev. B, 44, 13319, 10.1103/PhysRevB.44.13319

Armelao, 1995, J. Phys.: Cond. Matt., 7, L299, 10.1088/0953-8984/7/23/004

Fujimori, 1986, Phys. Rev. B, 34, 7318, 10.1103/PhysRevB.34.7318

Fujimori, 1987, Phys. Rev. B, 36, 6691, 10.1103/PhysRevB.36.6691

Lad, 1989, Phys. Rev. B, 39, 13478, 10.1103/PhysRevB.39.13478

Davis, 1982, Phys. Rev. B, 25, 2912, 10.1103/PhysRevB.25.2912

Fujimori, 1984, Phys. Rev. B, 29, 5225, 10.1103/PhysRevB.29.5225

Van der Laan, 1982, Solid State. Commun., 42, 165, 10.1016/0038-1098(82)90996-6

Eastman, 1975, Phys. Rev. Lett., 34, 395, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.34.395

Yeh, 1985, At. Data Nucl. Tables, 32, 1, 10.1016/0092-640X(85)90016-6

Cai, 1998, Phys. Rev. B, 58, 5043, 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.5043

de Groot, 1989, Phys. Rev. B, 40, 5715, 10.1103/PhysRevB.40.5715

Colliex, 1991, Phys. Rev. B, 44, 11402, 10.1103/PhysRevB.44.11402

Stöhr, 1996, vol. 25

Fisher, 1971, J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 32, 2455, 10.1016/S0022-3697(71)80093-8

Grunes, 1982, Phys. Rev. B, 25, 7157, 10.1103/PhysRevB.25.7157

Ghijsen, 1988, Phys. Rev. B, 38, 11322, 10.1103/PhysRevB.38.11322

Albright, 1985

Tossel, 1974, Am. Miner., 59, 319

Mattheis, 1972, Phys. Rev., 5, 190, 10.1103/PhysRevB.5.190

Van Hove, 1986

Henzler, 1994

Ritter, 1998, Phys. Rev. B, 57, 7240, 10.1103/PhysRevB.57.7240

Fadley, 1995, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 75, 273, 10.1016/0368-2048(95)02545-6

Ranke, 1999, Phys. Rev. B, 60, 1527, 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.1527

Kleber, 1979

Bauer, 1986, Phys. Rev. B, 33, 3657, 10.1103/PhysRevB.33.3657

Bäumer, 1997, 61

Pehlke, 1997, Appl. Phys. A, 65, 525, 10.1007/s003390050619

Schwegmann, 1995, Surf. Sci., 375, 91, 10.1016/S0039-6028(97)01249-1

Stampfl, 1996, Phys. Rev. Lett., 77, 3371, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.77.3371

Roddatis, 2001, Thin Solid Films, 396, 78, 10.1016/S0040-6090(01)01240-8

M. Ritter, Ph.D. Thesis, Oberhofer, Berlin, 1998

LeGoues, 1995, Appl. Phys. Lett., 67, 2317, 10.1063/1.115138

Lifschitz, 1961, J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 19, 35, 10.1016/0022-3697(61)90054-3

Wagner, 1961, Z. Elektrochem., 65, 581

Chakraverty, 1967, J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 28, 2401, 10.1016/0022-3697(67)90026-1

1967, J. Phys. Chem. Sol., 28, 2431

Wulf, 1901, Z. Kristallogr., 34, 449, 10.1524/zkri.1901.34.1.449

Zangwill, 1988

Farrow, 1993, J. Cryst. Growth, 133, 47, 10.1016/0022-0248(93)90102-3

Shaikhutdinov, 1999, Phys. Rev. B, 60, 11062, 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.11062

Joseph, 2001, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 3, 4141, 10.1039/b104263g

A. Barbieri, M.A. Van Hove, Symmetrized Automated Tensor LEED package, available from M.A. Van Hove, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, 94720 Berkeley, USA

Rous, 1986, Phys. Rev. Lett., 57, 2951, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.57.2951

Rous, 1989, Surf. Sci., 219, 355, 10.1016/0039-6028(89)90513-X

Rous, 1989, Comput. Phys. Commun., 54, 137, 10.1016/0010-4655(89)90039-8

1989, Comput. Phys. Commun., 54, 157, 10.1016/0010-4655(89)90040-4

Pendry, 1980, J. Phys. C, 13, 937, 10.1088/0022-3719/13/5/024

Ritter, 1999, Surf. Sci., 432, 81, 10.1016/S0039-6028(99)00518-X

W. Moritz, available from W. Moritz, Institut für Kristallographie der Universität München, Theresienstr. 41, 80333 München, Germany

Yanase, 1999, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 68, 1607, 10.1143/JPSJ.68.1607

Condon, 1997, Phys. Rev. B, 55, 15885, 10.1103/PhysRevB.55.15885

Condon, 1998, Surf. Sci., 397, 278, 10.1016/S0039-6028(97)00744-9

Tsukada, 1982, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 51, 2562, 10.1143/JPSJ.51.2562

Goniakowski, 1994, Surf. Sci., 319, 68, 10.1016/0039-6028(94)90570-3

Goniakowski, 1994, Surf. Sci., 319, 81, 10.1016/0039-6028(94)90571-1

Tsukada, 1981, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 50, 3932, 10.1143/JPSJ.50.3032

Condon, 1994, Surf. Sci., 310, L609, 10.1016/0039-6028(94)91360-9

G. Ketteler, W. Weiss, W. Ranke, Surf. Rev. Lett., in press

D. Frickel, Y. Arita, W. Ranke, to be published

Wang, 2000, Phys. Rev. Lett., 84, 3650, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.3650

Nygren, 1997, Surf. Sci., 380, 113, 10.1016/S0039-6028(97)01596-3

Eng, 2000, Science, 288, 1029, 10.1126/science.288.5468.1029

Toofan, 1998, Surf. Sci., 401, 162, 10.1016/S0039-6028(97)01031-5

Jones, 2000, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2, 3209, 10.1039/b003380o

Thevuthasan, 1999, Surf. Sci., 425, 276, 10.1016/S0039-6028(99)00200-9

Parker, 1999, Faraday Discuss., 114, 381, 10.1039/a903111a

Rochester, 1979, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. I, 75, 1073, 10.1039/f19797501073

Walters, 2000, Surf. Sci., 464, L732, 10.1016/S0039-6028(00)00687-7

Henderson, 2000, Surf. Sci., 449, 135, 10.1016/S0039-6028(99)01246-7

Ahn, 1997, Surf. Sci., 388, 121, 10.1016/S0039-6028(97)00383-X

Wittbrodt, 1998, J. Phys. Chem., 102, 6539, 10.1021/jp981516w

Hass, 1998, Science, 282, 265, 10.1126/science.282.5387.265

Eggleston, 1999, Am. Mineral., 84, 1061, 10.2138/am-1999-7-808

Lad, 1988, Surf. Sci., 193, 81, 10.1016/0039-6028(88)90324-X

G. Thornton, private communication

Beilstein, fourth ed., 3. Ergänzungswerk, vol. V, p. 776

Himpsel, 1983, Adv. Phys., 32, 1, 10.1080/00018738300101521

M. Getzlaff, private communication

Gordon, 1972

Seah, 1979, Surf. Interf. Anal., 1, 2, 10.1002/sia.740010103

Lindholm, 1972, Faraday Discuss. Chem. Soc., 200

Lindholm, 1972, Faraday Discuss. Chem. Soc., 172

Shirley, 1987, vol. 27, 165

Turner, 1970

Demuth, 1974, Phys. Rev. Lett., 32, 1123, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.32.1123

Yu, 1975, Surf. Sci., 50, 149, 10.1016/0039-6028(75)90179-X

Huber, 1989, Surf. Sci., 217, 103, 10.1016/0039-6028(89)90538-4

Grobmann, 1978, vol. 27, 261

Robloff, 1976, Chem. Phys. Lett., 39, 493, 10.1016/0009-2614(76)80313-2

Nyberg, 1979, Surf. Sci., 85, 335, 10.1016/0039-6028(79)90257-7

Hofmann, 1981, Surf. Sci., 105, L260, 10.1016/0039-6028(81)90143-6

Somorjai, 1990, J. Phys. Chem., 94, 1013, 10.1021/j100366a001

Gokhale, 1998, J. Chem. Phys., 108, 5554, 10.1063/1.475945

Birkenheuer, 1998, Surf. Sci., 409, 213, 10.1016/S0039-6028(98)00207-6

Weiss, 1998, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A, 16, 1017, 10.1116/1.581225

Weiss, 1996, J. Mol. Struct., 458, 143, 10.1016/S0166-1280(98)00357-1

Wühn, 2000, J. Phys. Chem. B, 104, 7694, 10.1021/jp0006734

Pöss, 1981, Surf. Sci., 105, 77, 10.1016/0039-6028(81)90149-7

Walsh, 1993, Phys. Rev. B, 48, 14749, 10.1103/PhysRevB.48.14749

Raza, 1998, Surf. Sci., 404, 710, 10.1016/S0039-6028(97)00987-4

Schmeisser, 1983, Phys. Rev. B, 27, 3279, 10.1103/PhysRevB.27.3279

Fölsch, 1992, Surf. Sci., 264, 65, 10.1016/0039-6028(92)90165-3

Morokuma, 1971, J. Chem. Phys., 55, 1236, 10.1063/1.1676210

Umeyama, 1977, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 99, 1316, 10.1021/ja00447a007

Connor, 1977, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 12, 143, 10.1016/0368-2048(77)87003-5

MacKay, 1989, Phys. Rev. B, 39, 6156, 10.1103/PhysRevB.39.6156

Peng, 1990, Surf. Sci., 233, 283, 10.1016/0039-6028(90)90641-K

McKay, 1985, Phys. Rev. B, 32, 6764, 10.1103/PhysRevB.32.6764

Giordano, 1998, Phys. Rev. Lett., 81, 1271, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.1271

Lindan, 1998, Phys. Rev. Lett., 80, 762, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.80.762

Firment, 1979, Surf. Sci., 84, 199, 10.1016/0039-6028(79)90138-9

Fujishima, 1972, Nature, 238, 37, 10.1038/238037a0

Hendewerk, 1986, Surf. Sci., 172, 544, 10.1016/0039-6028(86)90500-5

Gercher, 1995, Surf. Sci., 322, 177, 10.1016/0039-6028(95)90028-4

Fischer, 1980, Phys. Rev. Lett., 44, 683, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.44.683

Kurtz, 1982, Phys. Rev. B, 26, 6682, 10.1103/PhysRevB.26.6682

Lo, 1978, Surf. Sci., 71, 199, 10.1016/0039-6028(78)90328-X

Brooks, 1988, Vacuum, 38, 405, 10.1016/0042-207X(88)90090-5

Kurtz, 1989, Surf. Sci., 218, 178, 10.1016/0039-6028(89)90626-2

Smith, 1987, Surf. Sci., 188, 241, 10.1016/S0039-6028(87)80155-3

Speedy, 1996, J. Chem. Phys., 105, 240, 10.1063/1.471869

Joseph, 2000, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2, 5314, 10.1039/b006332k

Scharfenberg, 1980, Z. Naturforsch., 35a, 431, 10.1515/zna-1980-0414

Cochran, 1997, J. Mol. Struct., 413–414, 313, 10.1016/S0022-2860(97)00071-9

Henzler, 1979

Weiss, 1989, Surf. Sci., 207, 401, 10.1016/0039-6028(89)90131-3

Shaikhutdinov, 1999, Faraday Discuss., 114, 363, 10.1039/a902633i

Zscherpel, 1998, J. Chem. Phys., 108, 9506, 10.1063/1.476421

Kuhrs, 2001, Top. Catal., 14, 111, 10.1023/A:1009067302464

C. Kuhrs, Ph.D. Thesis, Logos, Berlin, 2000

Weiss, 1998, Catal. Lett., 52, 215, 10.1023/A:1019052310644