Suppression of Splenic Macrophage Functions Following Acute Morphine Action in the Rat Mesencephalon Periaqueductal Gray

Albina, 1993, Nitric oxide-mediated apoptosis in murine peritoneal macrophages, J. Immunol., 150, 5080, 10.4049/jimmunol.150.11.5080 Band, 1992, Central μ-opioid receptors mediate suppression of natural killer activity in vivo, Prog. Neuroendocrinimmunol., 5, 95 Bayer, 1990, Morphine inhibition of lymphocyte activity is mediated by an opioid dependent mechanism, Neuropharmacology, 29, 369, 10.1016/0028-3908(90)90096-A Belkowski, 1995, Inhibition of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha synthesis following treatment of macrophages with the kappa opioid agonist U50, 488H, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 273, 1491 Bencsics, 1997, Effect of morphine on lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha production in vivo: Involvement of the sympathetic nervous system, J. Neuroimmunol., 73, 1, 10.1016/S0165-5728(96)00163-4 Bian, 1995, Immunomodulatory effects of morphine microinjected into periaqueductal gray, Acta Pharmacol. Sin., 16, 121 Borda, 1998, Role of arachidonic acid metabolites in the action of a beta adrenergic agonist on human monocyte phagocytosis, Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids, 58, 85, 10.1016/S0952-3278(98)90145-4 Carr, 1996, The relevance of opioids and opioid receptors on immunocompetence and immune homeostasis, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 213, 248, 10.3181/00379727-213-44056 Chao, 1994, Priming effect of morphine on the production of tumor necrosis factor-α by microglia: implications in respiratory burst activity and human immunodeficiency virus-1 expression, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 269, 198 Chao, 1993, Morphine inhibits the release of tumor necrosis factor in human peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures, Int. J. Immunopharmacol., 15, 447, 10.1016/0192-0561(93)90057-6 Chao, 1990, Lethality of morphine in mice infected with Toxoplasma gondii, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 252, 605 Chen, 1994, Differential effects of serum on lipopolysaccharide receptor-directed macrophage activation for nitric oxide production, Immunol. Lett., 40, 179, 10.1016/0165-2478(94)90190-2 Fecho, 1996, Assessment of the involvement of central nervous system and peripheral opioid receptors in the immunomodulatory effects of acute morphine treatment in rats, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 276, 626 Fecho, 1996, Evidence for sympathetic and adrenal involvement in the immunomodulatory effects of acute morphine treatment in rats, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 277, 633 Fecho, 1994, Macrophage-derived nitric oxide is involved in the depressed concanavalin A responsiveness of splenic lymphocytes from rats administered morphine in vivo, J. Immunol., 152, 5845, 10.4049/jimmunol.152.12.5845 Flores, 1995, Mechanisms of morphine-induced immunosuppression: Effect of acute morphine administration on lymphocyte trafficking, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 272, 1246 Gomez-Flores, 1999, Opioids, opioid receptors, and the immune system, 281 Gomez-Flores, 1999, Inhibition of IL-2 production and downregulation of IL-2 and transferrin receptors on rat splenic lymphocytes following PAG morphine administration: A role in natural killer and T cell suppression, J. Interferon Cytokine Res., 19, 627, 10.1089/107999099313767 Gomez-Flores, 1997, Bidirectional effects of IFN-γ on growth of Mycobacterium avium complex in murine peritoneal macrophages, J. Interferon Cytokine Res., 17, 331, 10.1089/jir.1997.17.331 Gomez-Flores, 1997, Nitric oxide and TNF-alpha production by murine peritoneal macrophages activated with a novel 20-kDa protein isolated from Bacillus thuringiensis var. thuringiensis parasporal bodies, J. Immunol., 158, 3796, 10.4049/jimmunol.158.8.3796 Grasso, 1982, Inhibition of yeast phagocytosis by dexamethasone in macrophage cultures: reversibility of the effect and enhanced suppression in cultures of stimulated macrophages, J. Immunopharmacol., 4, 265, 10.3109/08923978209019447 Hall, 1998, Opioid mediated effects on the immune system: sympathetic nervous system involvement, J. Neuroimmunol., 83, 29, 10.1016/S0165-5728(97)00218-X Harris, 1972, Susceptibility of addicts to infection and neoplasia, N. Engl. J. Med., 287, 310, 10.1056/NEJM197208102870620 Hasko, 1998, Isoproterenol inhibits IL-10, TNF-alpha, and nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 macrophages, Brain Res. Bull., 45, 183, 10.1016/S0361-9230(97)00337-7 Hibbs, 1988, Nitric oxide: A cytotoxic activated macrophage effector molecule, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 157, 87, 10.1016/S0006-291X(88)80015-9 Iuvone, 1995, Opioids inhibit the induction of nitric oxide synthase in J774 macrophages, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 212, 975, 10.1006/bbrc.1995.2065 Joyce, 1997, Glucocorticoid modulation of human monocyte/macrophage function: control of TNF-alpha secretion, Inflamm. Res., 46, 447, 10.1007/s000110050222 Kaldjian, 1992, Enhancement of lymphocyte proliferation assays by use of serum-free medium, J. Immunol. Methods, 147, 189, 10.1016/S0022-1759(12)80007-X Lewis, 1983, Stress and morphine affect survival of rats challenged with a mammary ascites tumor (MAT 13762B), Nat. Immun. Cell Growth Regul., 3, 43 Lysle, 1996, Evidence for the involvement of the caudal region of the periaqueductal gray in a subset of morphine-induced alterations of immune status, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 277, 1533 Madden, 1998, Opiate binding sites in the cellular immune system: Expression and regulation, J. Neuroimmunol., 83, 57, 10.1016/S0165-5728(97)00221-X Mellon, 1998, Evidence for central opioid receptors in the immunomodulatory effects of morphine: Review of potential mechanism(s) of action, J. Neuroimmunol., 83, 19, 10.1016/S0165-5728(97)00217-8 Meltzer, 1982, Macrophage activation for tumor cytotoxicity: Regulatory mechanisms for induction and control of cytotoxic activity, Fed. Proc., 41, 2198 Miles, 1996, Binding of alpha-adrenergic receptors stimulates the anti-mycobacterial activity of murine peritoneal macrophages, J. Neuroimmunol., 71, 19, 10.1016/S0165-5728(96)00113-0 Monastra, 1993, Beta-adrenergic receptors mediate in vivo the adrenaline inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor release, Immunol. Lett., 38, 127, 10.1016/0165-2478(93)90177-4 Nathan, 1991, Role of nitric oxide synthesis in macrophage antimicrobial activity, Curr. Opin. Immunol., 3, 665, 10.1016/0952-7915(91)90079-G Pacifici, 1995, Morphine affects cytostatic activity of macrophages by the modulation of nitric oxide release, Int. J. Immunopharmacol., 17, 771, 10.1016/0192-0561(95)00046-5 Ramirez, 1997, Glucocorticoids enhance concanavalin A-induced mitogenic response through the inhibition of nitric oxide production, Immunology, 90, 66, 10.1046/j.1365-2567.1997.d01-2134.x Reisine, 1996, Opioid analgesics and antagonists, 521 Rojavin, 1993, Morphine treatment in vitro or in vivo decreases phagocytic functions of murine macrophages, Life Sci., 53, 997, 10.1016/0024-3205(93)90122-J Roy, 1998, Mu-opioid receptor-knockout mice: role of mu-opioid receptor in morphine mediated immune functions, Brain. Res. Mol. Brain. Res., 61, 190, 10.1016/S0169-328X(98)00212-5 Schneider, 1998, Role of central mu-opioid receptors in the modulation of nitric oxide production by splenocytes, J. Neuroimmunol., 89, 150, 10.1016/S0165-5728(98)00128-3 Sharp, 1998, Evidence for opioid receptors on cells involved in host defense and the immune system, J. Neuroimmunol., 83, 45, 10.1016/S0165-5728(97)00220-8 Shavit, 1986, Involvement of brain opiate receptors in the immune-suppressive effect of morphine, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 83, 7114, 10.1073/pnas.83.18.7114 Singhal, 1998, Morphine enhances macrophage apoptosis, J. Immunol., 160, 1886, 10.4049/jimmunol.160.4.1886 Spengler, 1990, Stimulation of alpha-adrenergic receptor augments the production of macrophage-derived tumor necrosis factor, J. Immunol., 145, 1430, 10.4049/jimmunol.145.5.1430 Starec, 1991, Immune status and survival of opiate- and cocaine-treated mice infected with Friend virus, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 259, 745 Stuart, 1997, Upregulation of phagocytosis and candidicidal activity of macrophages exposed to the immunostimulant acemannan, Int. J. Immunopharmacol., 19, 75, 10.1016/S0192-0561(97)00010-6 Suo, 1998, Immunomodulation mediated by microinjection of morphine into the periaqueductal gray matter of the mesencephalon, Adv. Exp. Med. Biol., 437, 177, 10.1007/978-1-4615-5347-2_19 Szabo, 1993, Suppression of peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis of Candida albicans by opioids, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 267, 703 Tubaro, 1983, Effect of morphine on resistance to infection, J. Infect. Dis., 148, 656, 10.1093/infdis/148.4.656 Vaupel, 1993, Effects of verapamil on morphine-induced euphoria, analgesia and respiratory depression in humans, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 267, 1386 Way, 1995, Opioid analgesics and antagonists, 460 Weber, 1989, The periaqueductal gray matter mediates opiate-induced immunosuppression, Science, 245, 188, 10.1126/science.2749256 Yeager, 1991, Effect of morphine on growth of metastatic colon cancer in vivo, Arch. Surg., 126, 454, 10.1001/archsurg.1991.01410280056007