Superpixel spectral unmixing framework for the volumetric assessment of tissue chromophores: A photoacoustic data-driven approach

Williams, 2019, What do we know about volumetric medical image interpretation?: a review of the basic science and medical image perception literatures, Cogn. Res.: Princ. Implic., 4, 1, 10.1186/s41235-019-0171-6 Baker, 2010, The whole picture, Nature, 463, 977, 10.1038/463977a Herrmann, 2012, Possibilities and limitations for high resolution small animal mri on a clinical whole-body 3t scanner, Magn. Reson. Mater. Phys., Biol. Med., 25, 233, 10.1007/s10334-011-0284-5 Zhang, 2019, Rapid dynamic contrast-enhanced mri for small animals at 7t using 3d ultra-short echo time and golden-angle radial sparse parallel mri, Magn. Reson. Med., 81, 140, 10.1002/mrm.27357 Liu, 2019, Nanoparticle contrast-enhanced micro-ct: a preclinical tool for the 3d imaging of liver and spleen in longitudinal mouse studies, J. Pharmacol. Toxicol. Methods, 96, 67, 10.1016/j.vascn.2019.02.003 Clark, 2021, Advances in micro-ct imaging of small animals, Phys. Med., 88, 175, 10.1016/j.ejmp.2021.07.005 Levin, 2007, Current trends in preclinical pet system design, PET Clin., 2, 125, 10.1016/j.cpet.2007.12.001 Brenner, 2007, Computed tomography-an increasing source of radiation exposure, N. Engl. J. Med., 357, 2277, 10.1056/NEJMra072149 Leslie, 2021, Non-invasive synchronous monitoring of neutrophil migration using whole body near-infrared fluorescence-based imaging, Sci. Rep., 11, 1, 10.1038/s41598-021-81097-8 Darne, 2013, Small animal fluorescence and bioluminescence tomography: a review of approaches, algorithms and technology update, Phys. Med. Biol., 59, R1, 10.1088/0031-9155/59/1/R1 Dhawan, 2010, Optical imaging modalities for biomedical applications, IEEE Rev. Biomed. Eng., 3, 69, 10.1109/RBME.2010.2081975 Jung, 2007, In vivo three-dimensional spectral domain endoscopic optical coherence tomography using a microelectromechanical system mirror, Opt. Lett., 32, 3239, 10.1364/OL.32.003239 Spaide, 2018, Optical coherence tomography angiography, Prog. Retin. eye Res., 64, 1, 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2017.11.003 Applegate, 2020, Recent advances in high speed diffuse optical imaging in biomedicine, APL Photonics, 5, 10.1063/1.5139647 Yoo, 2019, Deep learning diffuse optical tomography, IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging, 39, 877, 10.1109/TMI.2019.2936522 Hedde, 2021, Phasorbased hyperspectral snapshot microscopy allows fast imaging of live, three-dimensional tissues for biomedical applications, Commun. Biol., 4, 1, 10.1038/s42003-021-02266-z Halicek, 2019, In-vivo and exvivo tissue analysis through hyperspectral imaging techniques: revealing the invisible features of cancer, Cancers, 11, 756, 10.3390/cancers11060756 Wu, 2018, In-vivo optical imaging in head and neck oncology: basic principles, clinical applications and future directions, Int. J. Oral. Sci., 10, 1, 10.1038/s41368-018-0011-4 Tkaczyk, 2017, Innovations and developments in dermatologic noninvasive optical imaging and potential clinical applications, Acta Derm., 5 Kan, 2021, Interventional optical imaging permits instant visualization of pathological zones of ablated tumor periphery and residual tumor detection, Cancer Res., 81, 4594, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-21-1040 Deroose, 2007, Multimodality imaging of tumor xenografts and metastases in mice with combined small-animal pet, small-animal ct, and bioluminescence imaging, J. Nucl. Med., 48, 295 Walter, 2020, Correlated multimodal imaging in life sciences: expanding the biomedical horizon, Front. Phys., 8, 47, 10.3389/fphy.2020.00047 Xia, 2013, Small-animal whole-body photoacoustic tomography: a review, IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., 61, 1380, 10.1109/TBME.2013.2283507 Li, 2021, Recent advances in photoacoustic tomography, BME Front., 10.34133/2021/9823268 Manohar, 2016, Photoacoustics: a historical review, Adv. Opt. Photonics, 8, 586, 10.1364/AOP.8.000586 Yao, 2018, Recent progress in photoacoustic molecular imaging, Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol., 45, 104, 10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.03.016 Cox, 2012, Quantitative spectroscopic photoacoustic imaging: a review, J. Biomed. Opt., 17, 10.1117/1.JBO.17.6.061202 Lin, 2018, Single-breath-hold photoacoustic computed tomography of the breast, Nat. Commun., 9, 1, 10.1038/s41467-018-04576-z Lawrence, 2019, Spectral photoacoustic imaging to estimate in vivo placental oxygenation during preeclampsia, Sci. Rep., 9, 1, 10.1038/s41598-018-37310-2 Grӧhl, 2021, Learned spectral decoloring enables photoacoustic oximetry, Sci. Rep., 11, 1, 10.1038/s41598-021-83405-8 Xie, 2020, In vivo assessment of inflammation in carotid atherosclerosis by noninvasive photoacoustic imaging, Theranostics, 10, 4694, 10.7150/thno.41211 J. Jose, D. Grootendorst, T. Vijn, M. Wouters, M. Wouters, et al., Initial results of imaging melanoma metastasis in resected human lymph nodes using photoacoustic computed tomography, doi:10.1117/1.3631705. Dai, 2020, Metastatic status of sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer determined with photoacoustic microscopy via dual-targeting nanoparticles, Light.: Sci. Appl., 9, 1, 10.1038/s41377-020-00399-0 Betzig, 1995, Proposed method for molecular optical imaging, Opt. Lett., 20, 237, 10.1364/OL.20.000237 Fadhel, 2020, Use of photoacoustic imaging for monitoring vascular disrupting cancer treatments, J. Biophotonics, 10.1002/jbio.202000209 Arabul, 2019, Unmixing multi-spectral photoacoustic sources in human carotid plaques using non-negative independent component analysis, Photoacoustics, 15, 10.1016/j.pacs.2019.100140 Prakash, 2019, Maximum entropy based non-negative optoacoustic tomographic image reconstruction, IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., 66, 2604, 10.1109/TBME.2019.2892842 Grӧhl, 2021, Deep learning for biomedical photoacoustic imaging: a review, Photoacoustics, 22, 10.1016/j.pacs.2021.100241 Glatz, 2011, Blind source unmixing in multi-spectral optoacoustic tomography, Opt. Express, 19, 3175, 10.1364/OE.19.003175 Hochuli, 2019, Estimating blood oxygenation from photoacoustic images: can a simple linear spectroscopic inversion ever work?, J. Biomed. Opt., 24, 10.1117/1.JBO.24.12.121914 Brochu, 2016, Towards quantitative evaluation of tissue absorption coefficients using light fluence correction in optoacoustic tomography, IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging, 36, 322, 10.1109/TMI.2016.2607199 Tzoumas, 2016, Eigenspectra optoacoustic tomography achieves quantitative blood oxygenation imaging deep in tissues, Nat. Commun., 7, 1, 10.1038/ncomms12121 Li, 2018, Photoacoustic tomography of blood oxygenation: a mini review, Photoacoustics, 10, 65, 10.1016/j.pacs.2018.05.001 Comon, 2010 Jacques, 2013, Optical properties of biological tissues: a review, Phys. Med. Biol., 58, R37, 10.1088/0031-9155/58/11/R37 Van Staveren, 1991, Light scattering in lntralipid-10% in the wavelength range of 400–1100 nm, Appl. Opt., 30, 4507, 10.1364/AO.30.004507 Khan, 2021, Refractive index of biological tissues: review, measurement techniques, and applications, Photo Photodyn. Ther., 33 S.L. Jacques, W.P. Roach, Optical interactions with tissue and cells xvii, Optical Interactions with Tissue and Cells XVII 6084. doi:10.1117/12. 662811. Kharine, 2003, Poly (vinyl alcohol) gels for use as tissue phantoms in photoacoustic mammography, Phys. Med. Biol., 48, 725 357, 10.1088/0031-9155/48/3/306 Yan, 2020, Hybrid mesh and voxel based monte carlo algorithm for accurate and efficient photon transport modeling in complex bio-tissues, Biomed. Opt. Express, 11, 6262, 10.1364/BOE.409468 Zhang, 2018, Tensor svd: Statistical and computational limits, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 64, 7311, 10.1109/TIT.2018.2841377 Liu, 2020, Determine the number of unknown targets in open world based on elbow method, IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst., 29, 986, 10.1109/TFUZZ.2020.2966182 Grasso, 2020, An automatic unmixing approach to detect tissue chromophores from multispectral photoacoustic imaging, Sensors, 20, 3235, 10.3390/s20113235 Bankhead, 2012, Fast retinal vessel detection and measurement using wavelets and edge location refinement, PloS One, 7, 10.1371/journal.pone.0032435 Maneas, 2018, Gel wax-based tissue-mimicking phantoms for multispectral photoacoustic imaging, Biomed. Opt. Express, 9, 1151, 10.1364/BOE.9.001151 Gröhl, 2021, Simpa: an open source toolkit for simulation and processing of photoacoustic images, Photons Ultrasound.: Imaging Sens., Vol. 11642, 116423C Li, 2022, Deep learning-based quantitative optoacoustic tomography of deep tissues in the absence of labeled experimental data, Optica, 9, 32, 10.1364/OPTICA.438502 Luke, 2013, Optical wavelength selection for improved spectroscopic photoacoustic imaging, Photoacoustics, 1, 36, 10.1016/j.pacs.2013.08.001 Ron, 2021, Flash scanning volumetric optoacoustic tomography for high resolution whole-body tracking of nanoagent kinetics and biodistribution, Laser Photonics Rev., 15, 2000484, 10.1002/lpor.202000484