Lưu huỳnh trong nghêu lucinid ức chế tốc độ tiêu thụ của một loài chim nước ăn động vật thân mềm

Oecologia - Tập 199 - Trang 69-78 - 2022
Tim Oortwijn1, Jimmy de Fouw1,2, Jillian M. Petersen3, Jan A. van Gils1,4
1Department Coastal Systems (COS), NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Den Burg (Texel), The Netherlands
2Faculty of Science, Department of Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
3Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
4Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

Tóm tắt

Tốc độ thu nhận năng lượng của một loài đi tìm thức ăn thường bị hạn chế bởi sự kết hợp giữa thời gian xử lý, tỷ lệ gặp gỡ và tỷ lệ tiêu hóa. Bên cạnh đó, việc thu nhận thức ăn có thể bị hạn chế khi một loài đi tìm thức ăn chỉ có thể xử lý một lượng tối đa các hợp chất độc hại nhất định. Ràng buộc sau được mô tả rõ ràng ở các loài ăn cỏ có khả năng chịu đựng hạn chế đối với các hợp chất thứ cấp từ thực vật. Trong hệ sinh thái biển giàu sulfur, nhiều loài động vật sống ký sinh chứa các sinh vật đơn bào hóa tự dưỡng, lưu trữ các hợp chất sulfur như một nguồn năng lượng, có khả năng làm cho các loài chủ trở nên độc với các sinh vật săn mồi. Chim nước ăn động vật thân mềm Calidris canutus canutus là một loài chim sống ở các bãi bùn của Banc d’Arguin vào mùa đông, nơi loài nhuyễn thể phổ biến nhất là Loripes orbiculatus, nơi chứa vi khuẩn oxy hóa sulfide. Trong hệ sinh thái này, chúng tôi đã nghiên cứu tác động tiềm năng của lưu huỳnh đối với tốc độ tiêu thụ của chim đỏ bằng cách cho chúng ăn Loripes với các hàm lượng lưu huỳnh khác nhau trong điều kiện nuôi nhốt. Để điều chỉnh độ độc, chúng tôi đã bỏ đói Loripes trong 10 ngày bằng cách loại bỏ nguồn năng lượng sulfide của sinh vật cộng sinh của chúng. Như dự đoán, chúng tôi đã tìm thấy nồng độ lưu huỳnh thấp hơn trong Loripes bị bỏ đói. Chúng tôi cũng đã đưa vào sự biến thiên tự nhiên về nồng độ lưu huỳnh bằng cách cung cấp Loripes được thu thập ở hai địa điểm khác nhau. Trong cả hai trường hợp, mức lưu huỳnh thấp hơn trong Loripes dẫn đến tỷ lệ tiêu thụ cao hơn ở chim đỏ. Qua thời gian, chim đỏ đã tăng tốc độ thu nhận Loripes của chúng, cho thấy khả năng điều chỉnh để tăng cường thu nhận lưu huỳnh.

Từ khóa

#lưu huỳnh #chim nước #nhuyễn thể #tốc độ tiêu thụ #sinh vật cộng sinh

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