Suckling Induces Differential Gut Enzyme Activity and Body Composition Compared to Feeding Milk Replacer in Piglets

Animals - Tập 12 Số 22 - Trang 3112
C. Amdi1, Marie Louise M. Pedersen2, Christina Larsen1, Joanna Klaaborg1, Andrew R. Williams1, J. Madsen1
1Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 2, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark
2Pig Research Centre, Danish Agriculture and Food Council, Axeltorv 3, 1609 Copenhagen V, Denmark

Tóm tắt

The aim of this study was to investigate differences in growth, hematology, metabolism, small intestine (SI) morphology, and enzyme activity of sow-reared piglets (SOW) compared to artificially reared piglets (MILK) given milk replacers in two different environments. Thirty-six piglets were selected at birth based on their birth weight; eighteen were kept on a commercial farm, another eighteen transferred to an animal research facility for artificial rearing. Differences were observed in enzymatic activity, with a larger amount of sucrase in the SOW compared with MILK group across the SI. SOW piglets also had a body composition with a larger amount of fat, muscle, and bone mass content. Differences in hematology were observed, suggesting environmental influences, biochemistry differences reflective of the diets given, and finally, an increased dry matter (DM) intake in SOW piglets was estimated. No differences were observed in immune function and only small differences in the gut integrity were found between the two groups. It can be concluded that body composition and enzyme activity can be manipulated through dietary intervention and that an increase in DM during lactation is beneficial for gut function. The study warrants further investigation into what this means for the subsequent weaning period.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Foxcroft, 2012, Reproduction in Farm Animals in an Era of Rapid Genetic Change: Will Genetic Change Outpace Our Knowledge of Physiology?, Reprod. Domest. Anim., 47, 313, 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2012.02091.x

Milligan, 2002, Within-litter birth weight variation in the domestic pig and its relation to pre-weaning survival, weight gain, and variation in weaning weights, Livest. Prod. Sci., 76, 181, 10.1016/S0301-6226(02)00012-X

Bruun, 2016, Reproductive performance of “nurse sows” in Danish piggeries, Theriogenology, 86, 981, 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.03.023

Hansen, C. (2021, February 01). Landsgennemsnit for Produktivitet i Produktionen af Grise. Available online: www.landbrugsinfo.dk/-/media/landbrugsinfo/public/4/5/4/notat_2204_landsgennemsnit_produktion_grise_2021.pdf.

Hojgaard, 2019, Optimal crude protein in diets supplemented with crystalline amino acids fed to high-yielding lactating sows, J. Anim. Sci., 97, 3399, 10.1093/jas/skz200

Harrell, R.J., Thomas, M.J., and Boyd, R.D. (1993, January 19–21). Limitations of Sow Milk-Yield on Baby Pig Growth. Proceedings of the 1993 Cornell Nutrition Conference for Feed Manufacturers, Rochester, NY, USA.

Noble, 2002, Lactational performance of first-parity transgenic gilts expressing bovine alpha-lactalbumin in their milk, J. Anim. Sci., 80, 1090, 10.2527/2002.8041090x

Pieper, 2016, Bovine milk-based formula leads to early maturation-like morphological, immunological, and functional changes in the jejunum of neonatal piglets, J. Anim. Sci., 94, 989, 10.2527/jas.2015-9942

Spreeuwenberg, 2001, Small intestine epithelial barrier function is compromised in pigs with low feed intake at weaning, J. Nutr., 131, 1520, 10.1093/jn/131.5.1520

Nabuurs, 1998, Weaning and the weanling diet influence the villous height and crypt depth in the small intestine of pigs and alter the concentrations of short-chain fatty acids in the large intestine and blood, J. Nutr., 128, 947, 10.1093/jn/128.6.947

Kelly, 1991, Digestive development of the early-weaned pig: 2. Effect of level of food intake on digestive enzyme activity during the immediate post-weaning period, Br. J. Nutr., 65, 181, 10.1079/BJN19910079

Theil, 2007, Milk intake and carbon dioxide production of piglets determined with the doubly labelled water technique, Animal, 1, 881, 10.1017/S1751731107000031

Amdi, 2021, Pre-weaning adaptation responses in piglets fed milk replacer with gradually increasing amounts of wheat, Br. J. Nutr., 126, 375, 10.1017/S0007114520004225

Sangild, 2006, Diet- and colonization-dependent intestinal dysfunction predisposes to necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm pigs, Gastroenterology, 130, 1776, 10.1053/j.gastro.2006.02.026

He, 2018, Fat deposition deficiency is critical for the high mortality of pre-weanling newborn piglets, J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol., 9, 66, 10.1186/s40104-018-0280-y

Dunshea, 1999, Supplemental skim milk before and after weaning improves growth performance of pigs, Aust. J. Agric. Res., 50, 1165, 10.1071/AR98180

Zijlstra, 1996, Effect of feeding a milk replacer to early-weaned pigs on growth, body composition, and small intestinal morphology, compared with suckled littermates, J. Anim. Sci., 74, 2948, 10.2527/1996.74122948x

Gondret, 2006, Low birth weight is associated with enlarged muscle fiber area and impaired meat tenderness of the longissimus muscle in pigs, J. Anim. Sci., 84, 93, 10.2527/2006.84193x

Yao, 2008, Dietary arginine supplementation increases mTOR signaling activity in skeletal muscle of neonatal pigs, J. Nutr., 138, 867, 10.1093/jn/138.5.867

Madsen, 2018, Influence of l-carnitine and l-arginine on protein synthesis and maturation of the semitendinosus muscle of lightweight piglets, J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr., 102, 440, 10.1111/jpn.12765

Pluske, 1997, Factors influencing the structure and function of the small intestine in the weaned pig: A review, Livest. Prod. Sci., 51, 215, 10.1016/S0301-6226(97)00057-2

Huygelen, 2014, Supplementing formula-fed piglets with a low molecular weight fraction of bovine colostrum whey results in an improved intestinal barrier, J. Anim. Sci., 92, 3491, 10.2527/jas.2013-6437

Wang, 2015, Oral administration of putrescine and proline during the suckling period improves epithelial restitution after early weaning in piglets, J. Anim. Sci., 93, 1679, 10.2527/jas.2014-8230

Sun, 2015, Dietary L-leucine supplementation enhances intestinal development in suckling piglets, Amino Acids, 47, 1517, 10.1007/s00726-015-1985-2

Vergauwen, 2017, Artificial rearing influences the morphology, permeability and redox state of the gastrointestinal tract of low and normal birth weight piglets, J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol., 8, 30, 10.1186/s40104-017-0159-3

Jakobsen, 2021, Peroral iron supplementation can be provided to piglets through a milk cup system with results comparable to parenteral iron administration, Transl. Anim. Sci., 5, txab004, 10.1093/tas/txab004

Bhattarai, 2015, Early indicators of iron deficiency in large piglets at weaning, J. Swine Health Prod., 23, 10, 10.54846/jshap/871

Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Animals

Tập 12 Số 22

3112

Thông tin tác giả