Substance Use in Individuals with Mild to Borderline Intellectual Disability: an Exploration of Rates and Risks in the Netherlands

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.

Bolland, K. A., Bolland, J. M., Tomek, S., Devereaux, R. S., Mrug, S., & Wimberly, J. C. (2016). Trajectories of adolescent alcohol use by gender and early initiation status. Youth & Society, 48, 3–32.

Burgard, J. F., Donohue, B., Azrin, N. H., & Teichner, G. (2000). Prevalence and treatment of substance abuse in the mentally retarded population: An empirical review. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 32, 293–298.

Carroll Chapman, S. L., & Wu, L.-T. (2012). Substance abuse among individuals with intellectual disabilities. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 33, 1147–1156.

Chaplin, E., Gilvarry, C., & Tsakanikos, E. (2011). Recreational substance use patterns and co-morbid psychopathology in adults with intellectual disability. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 32, 2981–2986.

Chester, V., Green, F., & Alexander, R. (2011). An audit of a smoking cessation programme for people with an intellectual disability resident in a forensic unit. Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities, 5, 33–41.

Cooper, S.-A., Smiley, E., Morrison, J., Williamson, A., & Allan, L. (2007). Mental ill-health in adults with intellectual disabilities: Prevalence and associated factors. The British Journal of Psychiatry: the Journal of Mental Science, 190, 27–35.

Crocker, A. G., Côté, G., Toupin, J., & St-Onge, B. (2007). Rate and characteristics of men with an intellectual disability in pre-trial detention. Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability, 32, 143–152.

Didden, R., Embregts, P., Van der Toorn, M., & Laarhoven, N. (2009). Substance abuse, coping strategies, adaptive skills and behavioral and emotional problems in clients with mild to borderline intellectual disability admitted to a treatment facility: A pilot study. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 30, 927–932.

Emerson, E., & Turnbull, L. (2005). Self reported smoking and alcohol use among adolescents with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 9, 58–69.

Emerson, E., Hatton, C., Robertson, J., & Baines, S. (2016). Exposure to second hand tobacco smoke at home and child smoking at age 11 among British children with and without intellectual disability. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 60, 274–281.

Fendrich, M., Johnson, T. P., Wislar, J. S., Hubbell, A., & Spiehler, V. (2004). The utility of drug testing in epidemiological research: Results from a general population survey. Addiction, 99, 197–208.

Hassiotis, A., Gazizova, D., Akinlonu, L., Bebbington, P., Meltzer, H., & Strydom, A. (2011). Psychiatric morbidity in prisoners with intellectual disabilities: Analysis of prison survey data for England and Wales. The British Journal of Psychiatry: the Journal of Mental Science, 199, 156–157.

Kiewik, M., VanDerNagel, J. E. L., Kemna, L. E. M., Engels, R. C. M. E., & DeJong, C. A. J. (2016). Substance use prevention program for adolescents with intellectual disabilities on special education schools: A cluster randomised control trial. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 60, 191–200.

Lindsay, W. R., Carson, D., Holland, A. J., Taylor, J. L., O’Brien, G., & Wheeler, J. R. (2013). The impact of known criminogenic factors on offenders with intellectual disability: Previous findings and new results on ADHD. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 26, 71–80.

McCusker, C. G., Clare, I. C. H., Cullen, C., & Reep, J. (1993). Alcohol-related knowledge and attitudes in people with a mild learning disability - the effects of a “sensible drinking” group. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 3, 29–40.

McGillicuddy, N. B. (2006). A review of substance use research among those with mental retardation. Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 12, 41–47.

Mcgillivray, J. A., & Moore, M. R. (2001). Substance use by offenders with mild intellectual disability. Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability, 26, 297–310.

Mcgillivray, J. A., Gaskin, C. J., Newton, D. C., & Richardson, B. A. (2015). Substance use, offending, and participation in alcohol and drug treatment Programmes : A comparison of prisoners with and without intellectual disabilities. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 29, 289–294.

Nelson, S. E., Van Ryzin, M. J., & Dishion, T. J. (2015). Alcohol, marijuana, and tobacco use trajectories from age 12 to 24 years: Demographic correlates and young adult substance use problems. Development and Psychopathology, 27, 253–277.

Prince van Leeuwen, A., Creemers, H. E., Verhulst, F. C., Vollebergh, W. A. M., Ormel, J., Van Oort, F., & Huizink, A. C. (2014). Legal substance use and the development of a DSM-IV cannabis use disorder during adolescence: The TRAILS study. Addiction, 109, 303–311.

Slayter, E. M. (2010). Disparities in access to substance abuse treatment among people with intellectual disabilities and serious mental illness. Health & Social Work, 35, 49–59.

Swerts, C., Vandevelde, S., VanDerNagel, J. E., Vanderplasschen, W., Claes, C., & De Maeyer, J. (2017). Substance use among individuals with intellectual disabilities living independently in Flanders. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 63, 107–117.

Taggart, L., McLaughlin, D., Quinn, B., & Milligan, V. (2006). An exploration of substance misuse in people with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 50, 588–597.

Taylor, N. S., Standen, P. J., Catajar, P., Fox, D., & Wilson, D. N. (2004). Smoking prevalence and knowledge of associated risks in adult attenders at day centres for people with learning disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 48, 239–244.

To, W. T., Neirynck, S., Vanderplasschen, W., Vanheule, S., & Vandevelde, S. (2014). Substance use and misuse in persons with intellectual disabilities (ID): Results of a survey in ID and addiction services in Flanders. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 35, 1–9.

Van Duijvenbode, N., VanDerNagel, J. E. L., Didden, R., Engels, R. C. M. E., Buitelaar, J. K., Kiewik, M., & De Jong, C. A. J. (2015). Substance use disorders in individuals with mild to borderline intellectual disability: Current status and future directions. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 38, 319–328.

Van Laar, M. W., & Van Ooyen-Houben, M. M. J. (2016). Nationale Drug Monitor [National drug monitor]. (2015). Retrieved March 4, 2016, from https://assets.trimbos.nl/docs/24dd30ba-464f-4dcd-a740-20ac058d310b.pdf .

VanDerNagel, J. E. L., Kiewik, M., Buitelaar, J. K., & De Jong, C. A. J. (2011a). Staff perspectives of substance use and misuse among adults with intellectual disabilities enrolled in Dutch disability services. Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 8, 143–149.

VanDerNagel, J. E. L., Kiewik, M., Van Dijk, M., De Jong, C. A. J., & Didden, R. (2011b). Handleiding SumID-Q, Meetinstrument voor het in kaart brengen van Middelengebruik bij mensen met een lichte verstandelijke beperking [manual of the SumID-Q. An instrument to assess substance use in individuals with a mild intellectual disability]. Deventer: Tactus.

VanDerNagel, J. E. L., Kemna, L. E. M., & Didden, R. (2013). Substance use among persons with mild intellectual disability: Approaches to screening and interviewing. NADD Bulletin, 16, 87–92.

VanDerNagel, J. E. L., Kiewik, M., Dijk, M. V., Didden, R., Korzilius, H. P. L. M., Palen, J., et al. (2017). Substance use in individuals with mild to borderline intellectual disability: A comparison between self-report, collateral-report and biomarker analysis. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 63, 151–159.

Whitaker, S., & Hughes, M. (2003). Prevalence and influence on smoking in people with learning disabilities. British Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 49, 91–97.

Wieland, J., & Zitman, F. G. (2015). It is time to bring borderline intellectual functioning back into the main fold of classification systems. British Journal of Psychiatry Bulletin, 1–3.

World Medical Association. (2013). World medical association declaration of Helsinki: Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. JAMA, 310, 2191–2194.

Žunić-Pavlović, V., Pavlović, M., & Glumbić, N. (2013). Drug use in adolescents with mild intellectual disability in different living arrangements. Drugs: education, prevention and policy, 20, 399–407.