Submental intubation: a retrospective review of 45 cases

Davies RM, Scott JG (1968) Anaesthesia for major oral and maxillofacial surgery. Br J Anaesth 40:202–208

Hurford WE (2000) Techniques for endotracheal intubation. Int Anaesthesiol Clin 38:1–28

Martinez-Lage JL, Eslava JM, Cebrecos AI, Marcos O (1998) Retromolar intubation. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 56:302–306

Farole A, Protrowski JC (1990) A unique indexing splint for use in combined Le Fort and nasal injuries to avoid tracheostomy. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 70:399

Schendel SA, Delaire J (1981) Functional musculo-skeletal correction of secondary unilateral cleft lip deformities: combined lip–nose correction and Le Fort osteotomy. J Maxillofac Surg 9:108

Werther JR, Richardson G, McIlwain MR (1994) Nasal tube switch: converting from a nasal to an oral endotracheal tube without extubation. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 52:994

Kinnebrew MC, Emison JW (1987) Simultaneous maxillary and nasal reconstruction. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 15:312

Hall CEJ, Shutt LE (2003) Nasotracheal intubation for head and neck surgery. Anaesthesia 58:249

Joo DT, Orser BA (2000) External compression of a nasotracheal tube due to the displaced bony fractures of multiple Le Fort fractures. Anaesthesiology 92:1830–1832

Marlow TJ, Goltra DD, Schabel SI (1997) Intracranial placement of a nasotracheal tube after facial fracture: a rare complication. J Emerg Med 15:187–191

Junsanto T, Chira T (1997) Perimortem intracranial orogastric tube insertion in a pediatric trauma patient with a basilar skull fracture. J Trauma 42:746–747

Schade K, Borzotta A, Michaels A (2000) Intracranial malposition of a nasopharyngeal airway. J Trauma 49:967–968

Muzzi DA, Losasso TJ, Cucchiara RF (1991) Complication from a nasopharyngeal airway in a patient with a basilar skull fracture. Anaesthesiology 74:366

Bernard AC, Kenady DE (1999) Conventional surgical tracheostomy as the preferred method of airway management. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 57:310

Taicher S, Givol N, Peleg M, Ardekian L (1996) Changing indications for tracheostomy in maxillofacial trauma. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 54:292–295

Astrachan DI, Kirschner JC, Goodwin WR Jr (1988) Prolonged intubation vs. tracheostomy: complications, practical and psychological considerations. Laryngoscope 98:1165–1169

Heffner JE (1995) The technique of tracheotomy and cricothyroidotomy. When to operate and how to manage complications. J Crit Illn 10:561–568

Stranc Waldron J, Padgham ND, Hurley SE (1990) Complications of emergency and elective tracheostomy: a retrospective study of 150 consecutive cases. Ann R Coll Surg Eng 72:218

Smoot EC, Jernigan JR, Kinsley E, Rey RM (1997) A survey of operative airway management practices for midface fractures. J Craniofac Surg 8:201–207

Chandu A, Smith AC, Gebert R (2000) Submental intubation: an alternative to short-term tracheostomy. Anaesth Intensive Care 28:193–195

Goldenberg D, Golz A, Netzer A, Joachims HZ (2002) Tracheotomy: changing indications and a review of 1130 cases. J Otolaryngol 31:211–215

Hernandez Altemir F (1986) The submental route for endotracheal intubation. A new technique. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 14:64–65

Chandu A, Witherow H, Stewart A (2008) Submental intubation in orthognathic surgery: initial experience. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 46:561–563

MacInnis E, Baig M (1999) A modified submental approach for oral endotracheal intubation. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 28:344–346

Mak PH, Ooi RG (2002) Submental intubation in a patient with beta-thalassaemia major undergoing elective maxillary and mandibular osteotomies. Br J Anaesth 88:288–291

Nyarady Z, Sari F, Olasz L, Nyarady J (2006) Submental intubation in concurrent orthognathic surgery: a technical note. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 34:362–365

Biglioli F, Mortini P, Goisis M (2003) Submental orotracheal intubation: an alternative to tracheotomy in transfacial cranial base surgery. Skull Base. 13:189

Mahmood S, Lello GE (2002) Oral endotracheal intubation: median submental (retrogenial) approach. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 60:473–474

Bartowski SB, Zapal J, Szuta M (1999) General anaesthesia via tracheosubmental intubation from our own experience. Aesthetic Plast Surg 23:292

Stoll P, Galli C, Wachter R, Bahr W (1994) Submandibular endotracheal intubation in panfacial fractures. J Clin Anaesth 6:83–86

Prochno T, Dornberger I, Esser U (1996) Management of panfacial fractures—also an intubation problem. HNO 44:19–21

Green JD, Moore UJ (1996) A modification of sub-mental intubation. Br J Anaesth 77:789–791

Drolet P, Girard M, Poirier J, Grenier Y (2000) Facilitating submental endotracheal intubation with an endotracheal tube exchanger. Anaesth Analg 90:222–223

Meyer C, Valfrey J, Kjartansdottir T, Wilk A, Barriere P (2003) Indications for and technical refinements of submental intubation in oral and maxillofacial surgery. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 31:383–388

Altemir FH, Montero SH (2000) The submental route revisited using the laryngeal mask airway: a technical note. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 28:343–344

Amin M, Dill-Russell, Manisali M, Lee R, Sinton I et al (2002) Facial fractures and submental tracheal intubation. Anaesthesia. 57:1195–1212

Paetkau DJ, Stranc MF, Ong BY (2009) Submental orotracheal intubation for maxillofacial surgery. Anesthesiology 92:912

Schutz P, Hamed HH (2008) Submental intubation versus tracheostomy in maxillofacial trauma patients. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 66:1404–1409

Caron G, Paquin R, Lessard MR, Trepanier CA, Landry PE (2000) Submental endotracheal intubation: an alternative to tracheostomy in patients with midfacial and panfacial fractures. J Trauma 48(2):235–240

Stranc MF, Skoracki R (2001) A complication of submandibular intubation in a panfacial fracture patient. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 29:174–176

Ahmed FB, Mitchell V (2004) Hazards of submental tracheal intubation. Anaesthesia 59:410

Taglialatela SC, Maio G, Aliberti F (2006) Submento-submandibular intubation: is the subperiosteal passage essential? Experience in 107 consecutive cases. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 44:12