Submarine hydrodynamics for off-design conditions

Journal of Ocean Engineering and Marine Energy - Tập 8 - Trang 499-511 - 2022
Serge Toxopeus1, Maarten Kerkvliet1, Roderik Vogels1, Frans Quadvlieg1, Bart Nienhuis2
1Maritime Research Institute Netherlands (MARIN), Wageningen, The Netherlands
2Defence Materiel Organisation (DMO), Utrecht, The Netherlands

Tóm tắt

Traditionally, submarine hydrodynamic design has focussed mainly on requirements regarding operational range, powering performance and manoeuvring ability for deeply submerged conditions. To improve the effectiveness of the boat, attention is also paid to operating near or at the surface and fortunately, computational tools and experimental methods are available to analyse the performance of submarines at these conditions. To advance submarine hydrodynamics knowledge and tools, DMO and MARIN have conducted a wide variety of bi-lateral or collaborative studies using potential and viscous flow methods and experiments on several submarine hull forms. In this article, several examples are presented of the development and use of hydrodynamic tools available during the design and assessment process of future submarines. These examples range from experimental and numerical studies into at-surface and periscope-depth resistance and powering, periscope-depth manoeuvring, high-fidelity flow around the boat during straight flight and manoeuvring motions, wakes of surface-piercing masts, to depth keeping under waves. It is demonstrated how state-of-the-art studies help in advancing the knowledge on submarine hydrodynamics and improving the overall design of modern submarines.

Tài liệu tham khảo

Bettle MC, Toxopeus SL, Gerber AG (2010) Calculation of bottom clearance effects on Walrus submarine hydrodynamics. Int Shipbuild Prog 57(3–4):101–125. https://doi.org/10.3233/ISP-2010-0065 Carrica PM, Kerkvliet M, Quadvlieg FHHA et al (2016) CFD simulations and experiments of a maneuvering generic submarine and prognosis for simulation of near surface operation. In: 31\({{\rm st}}\) symposium on naval hydrodynamics, Monterey, CA Devenport WJ, Simpson RL, Dewitz MB et al (1992) Effects of a leading-edge fillet on the flow past an appendage-body junction. AIAA J 30(9):2177–2182. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.11201 Eisfeld B, Brodersen O (2005) Advanced turbulence modelling and stress analysis for the DLR-F6 configuration. In: 23\({{\rm rd}}\) AIAA applied aerodynamics conference, Toronto, Canada, AIAA2005-4727. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-4727 Gertler M (1950) Resistance experiments on a systematic series of streamlined bodies of revolution—for application to the design of high-speed submarines. Tech. Rep. C-297, David W. Taylor Model Basin, Washington, DC Hay AD (1947) Flow about semi-submerged cylinders of finite length. Princeton University Report, Princeton, NJ Joubert PN (2006) Some aspects of submarine design—part 2. Shape of a submarine 2026. Tech. Rep. DSTO-TR-1920, Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Fishermans Bend, Victoria, Australia Kerkvliet M (2013) Influence on the numerical uncertainty of a generic submarine model by changing the wall-normal distribution of the wall-bounded grid cells. In: 16th numerical towing tank symposium (NuTTS). Müllheim, Germany, pp 78–83 Klaij CM, Hoekstra M, Vaz G (2018) Design, analysis and verification of a volume-of-fluid model with interface-capturing scheme. Comput Fluids 170:324–340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compfluid.2018.05.016 Klapwijk MD, Rotte G, Kerkvliet M et al (2017) Modelling of the plume of a submerged exhaust system. In: 20\({{\rm th}}\) numerical towing tank symposium (NuTTS), Wageningen, The Netherlands Kok JC, Dol HS, Oskam B et al (2004) Extra-Large Eddy Simulation of massively separated flows. In: 42\({{\rm nd}}\) AIAA aerospace sciences meeting and exhibit. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Reno, Nevada, AIAA 2004-264. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-264 Lee SK, Manovski P, Kumar C (2018) Wake of a DST submarine model captured by stereoscopic Particle Image Velocimetry. In: 21\({{\rm st}}\) Australasian fluid mechanics conference, Adelaide, Australia NATO AVT-301 Task Group (2022) Flowfield prediction for manoeuvring underwater vehicles. NATO TR-AVT-301 Report Overpelt B (2014) Innovation in the hydrodynamic support for design of submarines. In: 12\({{\rm th}}\) international naval engineering conference and exhibition (INEC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands Overpelt B, Nienhuis B (2014) Bow shape design for increased surface performance of an SSK submarine. In: Warship 2014: naval submarines and UUV’s, Bath, UK Overpelt B, Nienhuis B, Anderson B (2015) Free running manoeuvring model tests on a modern generic SSK class submarine (BB2). In: Pacific international maritime conference, Sydney, Australia Power JL (1977) Drag, flow transition, and laminar separation on nine bodies of revolution having different forebody shapes. Tech. Rep. 77-0065, David W. Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center, Bethesda, MD Raven HC (1996) A solution method for the nonlinear ship wave resistance problem. PhD thesis, Delft University of Technology Renilson MR (2018) Submarine hydrodynamics, 2nd edn. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-79057-2 Torunski B (2018) Computational analysis of the free surface effects on a BB2 submarine undergoing horizontal maneuvers. Master’s thesis, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada Toxopeus SL (2008) Viscous-flow calculations for bare hull DARPA SUBOFF submarine at incidence. Int Shipbuild Prog 55(3):227–251. https://doi.org/10.3233/ISP-2008-0048 Toxopeus SL, Atsavapranee P, Wolf E et al (2012) Collaborative CFD exercise for a submarine in a steady turn. In: 31\({{\rm st}}\) international conference on ocean, offshore and arctic engineering (OMAE), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, OMAE2012-83573. https://doi.org/10.1115/OMAE2012-83573 Toxopeus SL, Kuin R, Kerkvliet M et al (2014) Improvement of resistance and wake field of an underwater vehicle by optimising the fin-body junction flow with CFD. In: 33\({{\rm rd}}\) international conference on ocean, offshore and arctic engineering (OMAE), San Francisco, CA, OMAE2014-23784. https://doi.org/10.1115/OMAE2014-23784 Toxopeus SL, Bettle MC, Uroić T et al (2019) NATO AVT-301 collaborative exercise: CFD predictions for BB2 generic submarine, phase 0—pre-test computations. In: NATO STO AVT-307 research symposium on separated flow: prediction, measurement and assessment for air and sea vehicles, Trondheim, Norway, STO-TR-AVT-307-22 van Terwisga TJC, Hooft JP (1988) Hydrodynamic support in the design of submarines. In: Bicentennial maritime symposium. Australia, Sydney, pp 241–251 Vaz G, Jaouen FAP, Hoekstra M (2009) Free-surface viscous flow computations. Validation of URANS code FreSCo. In: 28\({{\rm th}}\) international conference on ocean, offshore and arctic engineering (OMAE), Honolulu, Hawaii, OMAE2009-79398. https://doi.org/10.1115/OMAE2009-79398 Vaz G, Toxopeus SL, Holmes S (2010) Calculation of manoeuvring forces on submarines using two viscous-flow solvers. In: 29\({{\rm th}}\) international conference on ocean, offshore and arctic engineering (OMAE), Shanghai, China, OMAE2010-20373. https://doi.org/10.1115/OMAE2010-20373