Study protocol for a hybrid 1 effectiveness-implementation trial of Brief Skills Training in Affective and Interpersonal Regulation (Brief STAIR) and web-administered STAIR (webSTAIR) for posttraumatic stress disorder in integrated primary care

Schleimer, 2022, Neighborhood racial and economic segregation and disparities in violence during the COVID-19 pandemic, Am. J. Public Health, 112, 144, 10.2105/AJPH.2021.306540 Gillespie, 2009, Trauma exposure and stress-related disorders in inner city primary care patients, Gen. Hosp. Psychiatry, 31, 505, 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2009.05.003 Gluck, 2021, Trauma exposure and stress-related disorders in a large, urban, predominantly African-American, female sample, Arch. Women’s Ment. Health, 24, 893, 10.1007/s00737-021-01141-4 U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for PTSD Alim, 2006, Trauma exposure, posttraumatic stress disorder and depression in an African-American primary care population, J. Natl. Med. Assoc., 98, 1630 Wang, 2005, Twelve-month use of mental health services in the United States: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication, Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 62, 629, 10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.629 Resick, 1992, Cognitive processing therapy for sexual assault victims, J. Consult. Clin. Psychol., 60, 748, 10.1037/0022-006X.60.5.748 Foa, 2019 Finley, 2015, Utilization of evidence-based psychotherapies in veterans affairs posttraumatic stress disorder outpatient clinics, Psychol. Serv., 12, 73, 10.1037/ser0000014 Marques, 2016, Providers’ perspectives of factors influencing implementation of evidence-based treatments in a community mental health setting: a qualitative investigation of the training-practice gap, Psychol. Serv., 13, 322, 10.1037/ser0000087 Foa, 2013, Challenges and successes in dissemination of evidence-based treatments for posttraumatic stress: lessons learned from prolonged exposure therapy for PTSD, Psychol. Sci. Public Interest J. Am. Psychol. Soc., 14, 65 Garland, 2005, Racial and ethnic differences in utilization of mental health services among high-risk youths, Am. J. Psychiatry, 162, 1336, 10.1176/appi.ajp.162.7.1336 Cook, 2014, Assessing racial/ethnic disparities in treatment across episodes of mental health care, Health Serv. Res., 49, 206, 10.1111/1475-6773.12095 Le Cook, 2013, Measuring disparities across the distribution of mental health care expenditures, J. Ment. Health Policy Econ., 16, 3 Blanco, 2007, National trends in ethnic disparities in mental health care, Med. Care, 45, 1012, 10.1097/MLR.0b013e3180ca95d3 Boulware, 2003, Race and trust in the health care system, Public Health Rep., 118, 358, 10.1016/S0033-3549(04)50262-5 LaVeist, 2009, Mistrust of health care organizations is associated with underutilization of health services, Health Serv. Res., 44, 2093, 10.1111/j.1475-6773.2009.01017.x Ghafoori, 2014, Mental health service use among trauma-exposed adults: a mixed-methods study, J. Nerv. Ment. Dis., 202, 239, 10.1097/NMD.0000000000000108 Rodriguez, 2003, Mental health treatment received by primary care patients with posttraumatic stress disorder, J. Clin. Psychiatry, 64, 1230, 10.4088/JCP.v64n1014 Valentine, 2016, Mental illness stigma and engagement in an implementation trial for cognitive processing therapy at a diverse community health center: a qualitative investigation, Int. J. Cult. Ment. Health, 9, 139, 10.1080/17542863.2015.1123742 Kaltman, 2014, Preferences for trauma-related mental health services among Latina immigrants from Central America, South America, and Mexico, Psychol. Trauma Theory Res. Pract. Policy, 6, 83, 10.1037/a0031539 Lester, 2010, Impact of race on early treatment termination and outcomes in posttraumatic stress disorder treatment, J. Consult. Clin. Psychol., 78, 480, 10.1037/a0019551 Sripada, 2019, Examining the nonresponse phenomenon: factors associated with treatment response in a national sample of veterans undergoing residential PTSD treatment, J. Anxiety Disord., 63, 18, 10.1016/j.janxdis.2019.02.001 Sripada, 2017, Predictors of PTSD symptom change among outpatients in the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs health care system, J. Trauma. Stress., 30, 45, 10.1002/jts.22156 Lau, 2006, Making the case for selective and directed cultural adaptations of evidence-based treatments: examples from parent training, Clin. Psychol. Sci. Pract., 13, 295, 10.1111/j.1468-2850.2006.00042.x Williams, 2021, Intersection of racism and PTSD: assessment and treatment of racial stress and trauma, Curr. Treat. Options Psychiatry, 8, 167, 10.1007/s40501-021-00250-2 Bower, 2005, Stepped care in psychological therapies: access, effectiveness and efficiency. Narrative literature review, Br. J. Psychiatry J. Ment. Sci., 186, 11, 10.1192/bjp.186.1.11 Salloum, 2014, Development of stepped care trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy for young children, Cogn. Behav. Pract., 21, 97, 10.1016/j.cbpra.2013.07.004 Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on the Changing Market, Managed Care, and the Future Viability of Safety Net Providers, 2000 Cloitre, 2002, Skills training in affective and interpersonal regulation followed by exposure: a phase-based treatment for PTSD related to childhood abuse, J. Consult. Clin. Psychol., 70, 1067, 10.1037/0022-006X.70.5.1067 Jain, 2020, A randomized controlled trial of brief skills training in affective and interpersonal regulation (STAIR) for veterans in primary care, J. Trauma. Stress., 33, 401, 10.1002/jts.22523 Bauer, 2021, A resource building virtual care programme: improving symptoms and social functioning among female and male rural veterans, Eur. J. Psychotraumatol., 12, 1860357, 10.1080/20008198.2020.1860357 Cloitre, 2010, Treatment for PTSD related to childhood abuse: a randomized controlled trial, Am. J. Psychiatry, 167, 915, 10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.09081247 Trappler, 2007, Trauma healing via cognitive behavior therapy in chronically hospitalized patients, Psychiatr. Q., 78, 317, 10.1007/s11126-007-9049-8 MacIntosh, 2018, Implementation and evaluation of the skills training in affective and interpersonal regulation (STAIR) in a community setting in the context of childhood sexual abuse, Res. Soc. Work. Pract., 28, 595, 10.1177/1049731516656803 Weiss, 2018, Telemental health delivery of skills training in affective and interpersonal regulation (STAIR) for rural women veterans who have experienced military sexual trauma, J. Trauma. Stress., 31, 620, 10.1002/jts.22305 Cloitre, 2023, et al Jackson, 2019, STAIR group treatment for veterans with PTSD: efficacy and impact of gender on outcome, Mil. Med., 184, e143, 10.1093/milmed/usy164 Smith, 2020, Peer delivery of a brief cognitive-behavioral treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder: a hybrid effectiveness-implementation pilot study, J. Clin. Psychol., 76, 2133, 10.1002/jclp.23020 Fletcher, 2022, Increasing access to care for trauma-exposed rural veterans: a mixed methods outcome evaluation of a web-based skills training program with telehealth-delivered coaching, J. Rural Health Off. J. Am. Rural Health Assoc. Natl. Rural Health Care Assoc., 38, 740, 10.1111/jrh.12628 Cloitre, 2022, Comparing the ratio of therapist support to internet sessions in a blended therapy delivered to trauma-exposed veterans: quasi-experimental comparison study, JMIR Ment. Health, 9, 10.2196/33080 Ong, 2022, Preliminary report from a trial comparing brief peer-supported webSTAIR to waitlist for transdiagnostic outcomes in a sample of veterans with symptoms of PTSD and/or depression Curran, 2012, Effectiveness-implementation hybrid designs, Med. Care, 50, 217, 10.1097/MLR.0b013e3182408812 Valentine, 2023, Formative Evaluation Prior to Implementation of a Brief Treatment for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Primary Care, Implement. Sci. Comms., 4, 48, 10.1186/s43058-023-00426-2 Valentine, 2022, Leveraging multistakeholder engagement to develop an implementation blueprint for a brief trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy in primary care, Psychol. Trauma Theory Res. Pract. Policy, 14, 914, 10.1037/tra0001145 Valentine, 2022, Redesign of a brief PTSD treatment in safety net integrated primary care: supporting implementation in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, Gen. Hosp. Psychiatry, 74, 94, 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2021.12.004 McCuistian, 2022, Consideration of racism experiences in the implementation of trauma-focused therapy in primary care, Health Serv. Res., 57, 235, 10.1111/1475-6773.13998 American Psychiatric Association, 2013 Weathers Weathers Mota, 2016, High burden of subthreshold DSM-5 post-traumatic stress disorder in U.S. military veterans, World Psychiatry, 15, 185, 10.1002/wps.20313 Marshall, 2010, All PTSD symptoms are highly associated with general distress: ramifications for the dysphoria symptom cluster, J. Abnorm. Psychol., 119, 126, 10.1037/a0018477 Cognitive Therapy of Depression Larsen, 1979, Assessment of client/patient satisfaction: development of a general scale, Eval. Program Plann., 2, 197, 10.1016/0149-7189(79)90094-6 Bovin, 2016, Psychometric properties of the PTSD checklist for diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders-fifth edition (PCL-5) in veterans, Psychol. Assess., 28, 1379, 10.1037/pas0000254 Cohen, 1985, Measuring the functional components of social support, 73 Derogatis, 2004, The SCL-90-R, the brief symptom inventory (BSI), and the BSI-18, 3, 1 Damschroder, 2009, Fostering implementation of health services research findings into practice: a consolidated framework for advancing implementation science, Implement. Sci. IS, 4, 50, 10.1186/1748-5908-4-50 Fauth, 2011 Ehrhart, 2014, Assessing the organizational context for EBP implementation: the development and validity testing of the implementation climate scale (ICS), Implement. Sci., 9, 157, 10.1186/s13012-014-0157-1 Aarons, 2004, Mental health provider attitudes toward adoption of evidence-based practice: the evidence-based practice attitude scale (EBPAS), Ment. Health Serv. Res., 6, 61, 10.1023/B:MHSR.0000024351.12294.65 Helfrich, 2009, Organizational readiness to change assessment (ORCA): development of an instrument based on the promoting action on research in health services (PARIHS) framework, Implement. Sci., 4, 38, 10.1186/1748-5908-4-38 Cook, 2015, Perceived characteristics of intervention scale: development and psychometric properties, Assessment, 22, 704, 10.1177/1073191114561254 Hsieh, 2005, Three approaches to qualitative content analysis, Qual. Health Res., 15, 1277, 10.1177/1049732305276687 Proctor, 2011, Outcomes for implementation research: conceptual distinctions, measurement challenges, and research agenda, Admin. Pol. Ment. Health, 38, 65, 10.1007/s10488-010-0319-7 Stetler, 2006, The role of formative evaluation in implementation research and the QUERI experience, J. Gen. Intern. Med., 21, S1, 10.1007/s11606-006-0267-9 Bernard, 2006 Weathers, 2018, The clinician-administered PTSD scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5): development and initial psychometric evaluation in military veterans, Psychol. Assess., 30, 383, 10.1037/pas0000486