Study on using hydrogen and ammonia as fuels: Combustion characteristics and NO_xformation

Astbury, 2008, A review of the properties and hazards of some alternative fuels, Process Safety Environment Protection, 86, 397, 10.1016/j.psep.2008.05.001

Christopher, 2013, Performance characteristics of a compression-ignition engine using direct-injection ammonia-DME mixtures, Fuel, 103, 1069, 10.1016/j.fuel.2012.08.026

Jackson, 2003, Influence of H2 on the response of lean premixed CH4 flames to high strained flows, Combustion and Flame, 132, 503, 10.1016/S0010-2180(02)00496-0

Patel, 2012, Renewable hydrogen generation by steam reforming of acetic acid over Cu-Zn-Ni supported calcium aluminate catalysts, Nanocatalysis for Fuels and Chemicals, 9, 111, 10.1021/bk-2012-1092.ch009

Mohanty, 2012, Hydrogen production from steam reforming of acetic acid over Cu-Zn supported calcium aluminate, Bioresource Technology, 123, 558, 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.07.019

Henry BJ Martin BL Bruce T Donald RC Ammonia-it's transformation and effective utilization 2008

Avery, 1988, A role for ammonia in the hydrogen economy, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 13, 761, 10.1016/0360-3199(88)90037-7

Law, 2004, Effects of hydrocarbon substitution on atmospheric hydrogen-air flame propagation, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 29, 867, 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2003.09.012

Rortceit, 2002, Effects of diluents on NOx formation in hydrogen counter-flow flames, Combustion and Flame, 130, 48, 10.1016/S0010-2180(02)00362-0

Toshio, 2008, NOx reduction and NO2 emission characteristics in rich-lean combustion of hydrogen, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 33, 4689, 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2008.05.034

Ahmed, 2013, Hydrogen addition effects on high intensity distributed combustion, Applied Energy, 104, 71, 10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.11.004

Ronney, 1988, Effect of chemistry and transport properties on near-limit flames at microgravity, Combustion Science and Technology, 59, 123, 10.1080/00102208808947092

Joo, 2012, Effects of ammonia substitution on combustion stability limits and NOx emissions of premixed hydrogen-air flames, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 37, 6933, 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.01.059

Lee, 2010, Effects of ammonia substitution on hydrogen/air flame propagation and emissions, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 35, 11332, 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.07.104

Liu R David SKT Checkel MD Ammonia as a fuel for SI engine 2003

Conaire, 2004, A comprehensive modeling study of hydrogen oxidation, International Journal of Chemical Kinetics, 36, 603, 10.1002/kin.20036

Frassoldati, 2006, A wide range modeling study of NOx formation and nitrogen chemistry in hydrogen combustion, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 31, 2310, 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2006.02.014

Li, 2004, An updated comprehensive kinetic model of hydrogen combustion, International Journal of Chemical Kinetics, 36, 566, 10.1002/kin.20026

Martin, 2007, A study of NOx formation in hydrogen flames, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 32, 3572, 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2007.02.038

Jeong, 2009, Generating efficiency and emissions of a spark-ignition gas engine generator fuelled with biogas-hydrogen blends, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 34, 9620, 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.09.099

Lee, 2010, Generating efficiency and NOx emissions of a gas engine generator fueled with a biogas-hydrogen blend and using an exhaust gas recirculation system, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 35, 5723, 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.03.076

Mendiara, 2009, Ammonia chemistry in oxy-fuel combustion of methane, Combustion and Flame, 156, 1937, 10.1016/j.combustflame.2009.07.006

İlbaş, 2005, Hydrogen as burner fuel: modelling of hydrogen-hydrocarbon composite fuel combustion and NOx formation, International Journal of Energy Research, 29, 973, 10.1002/er.1104

İlbaş, 2012, Experimental analysis of the effects of hydrogen addition on methane combustion, International Journal of Energy Research, 36, 643, 10.1002/er.1822

Shebeko, 1996, Investigation of concentration limits of flame propagation in ammonia-based gas mixtures, Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves, 32, 3, 10.1007/BF01998568

Jehad, 2006, Comparative study using hydrogen and gasoline as fuels: Combustion duration effect, International Journal of Energy Research, 30, 1175, 10.1002/er.1213

Alberto, 2012, Novel heavy duty engine concept for operation dual fuel H2-NH3, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 37, 7869, 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.01.091

Takizawa, 2008, Burning velocity measurement of nitrogen-containing compounds, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 155, 144, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.11.089

Fells, 1969, Burning velocity of methane-air flames, Combustion and Flame, 13, 130, 10.1016/0010-2180(69)90043-1

Kwon, 2001, Flame/stretch interactions of premixed hydrogen-fueled flame: measurements and predictions, Combustion and Flame, 124, 590, 10.1016/S0010-2180(00)00229-7

Lee, 2010, Study on properties of laminar premixed hydrogen-added ammonia/air flames for hydrogen production, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 35, 1054, 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.11.071

Miller, 1989, Mechanism and modeling of nitrogen chemistry in combustion, Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 15, 287, 10.1016/0360-1285(89)90017-8

Lindstedt, 1994, Detailed kinetic modeling of chemistry and temperature effects on ammonia oxidation, Combustion Science and Technology, 99, 253, 10.1080/00102209408935436

Yagami MY Nagai YH Kobayashi NY Evaluation of gas engine performance using ammonia-mixed fuel (Japanese) 2012 50 102 103

Pfahl, 2000, Flammability limits, ignition energy, and flame speeds in H2-CH4-NH3-N2O-O2-N2 mixtures, Combustion and Flame, 123, 140, 10.1016/S0010-2180(00)00152-8

Jabbour, 2004, Burning velocity and refrigerant flammability classification, ASHRAE Transactions, 110, 522

Müller, 1997, Approximations for burning velocities and Markstein numbers for lean hydrocarbon and methanol flames, Combustion and Flame, 108, 349, 10.1016/S0010-2180(96)00110-1

Kwon, 2001, Flame/stretch interactions of premixed hydrogen-fueled flames: measurements and predictions, Combustion and Flame, 124, 590, 10.1016/S0010-2180(00)00229-7