Nghiên cứu về tác động của nanoparticle kẽm oxit được tổng hợp bằng phương pháp hóa học và xanh (phức hợp Leucas aspera và oxy-cyclodextrin) trong khẩu phần ăn của cá rô phi sông Nile (Oreochromis niloticus)

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 28 - Trang 20344-20361 - 2021
Amitha Kurian1, Preetham Elumalai1
1School of Ocean Science and Technology, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Kochi, India

Tóm tắt

Nghiên cứu hiện tại được thiết kế để đánh giá tác động sức khỏe của nanozinc trong chế độ ăn uống được chuẩn bị theo hai phương pháp: phương pháp hóa học thông thường và phương pháp xanh. Các thông số được đánh giá bao gồm mức độ tích tụ sinh học, trạng thái chống oxy hóa, sự thay đổi về mô học, miễn dịch và tổn thương DNA ở cá rô phi sông Nile được cho ăn thức ăn chứa nanozinc. Các nanoparticle oxit kẽm đã được chuẩn bị trước bằng các phương pháp xanh và hóa học. Trước khi chuẩn bị thức ăn, hoạt động chống oxy hóa và khả năng kháng khuẩn của cả hai loại dung dịch nanoparticle đã được thử nghiệm và kết quả cho thấy hoạt động được cải thiện trong dung dịch ZnO NP tổng hợp bằng phương pháp xanh. Sau thời gian thích nghi, 420 cá rô phi sông Nile được phân bố ngẫu nhiên vào 21 bể thủy tinh với 20 con cá mỗi bể, được thực hiện ba lần. Cá được cho ăn khẩu phần kiểm soát không chứa bất kỳ ZnO NP nào và (i) GT1—khẩu phần chứa ZnO NP tổng hợp bằng phương pháp xanh ở nồng độ 100 mg/kg, (ii) CT1—khẩu phần chứa ZnO NP tổng hợp hóa học ở nồng độ 100 mg/kg, (iii) GT2—khẩu phần chứa ZnO NP tổng hợp bằng phương pháp xanh ở nồng độ 200 mg/kg, (iv) CT2—khẩu phần chứa ZnO NP tổng hợp hóa học ở nồng độ 200 mg/kg, (v) GT3—khẩu phần chứa ZnO NP tổng hợp bằng phương pháp xanh ở nồng độ 400 mg/kg và (vi) CT3—khẩu phần chứa ZnO NP tổng hợp hóa học ở nồng độ 400 mg/kg trong vòng 60 ngày. Sau 60 ngày, mẫu mang và mẫu gan được thu thập để phân tích căng thẳng oxy hóa, sự thay đổi mô bệnh học và tích tụ kẽm, trong khi mẫu huyết thanh được thu thập để đánh giá phản ứng miễn dịch. Kết quả cho thấy rằng khẩu phần GT3 đã làm tăng đáng kể (P < 0.05) mức độ của các enzyme chống oxy hóa (CAT, SOD, GPx, GR và GSH) nhiều hơn so với nanozinc chế biến bằng phương pháp hóa học. Tương tự, các thông số miễn dịch bẩm sinh cũng đã được tăng cường đáng kể (P < 0.05) ở cá được cho ăn chế độ GT3. Nghiên cứu mô học so sánh giữa mẫu gan và mang cho thấy kiến trúc bình thường của mô ở cá được cho ăn khẩu phần giàu NP tổng hợp bằng phương pháp xanh, trong khi các mô của cá được cho ăn thực phẩm chứa NP tổng hợp hóa học cho thấy sự thay đổi mô học. Mức độ tích tụ kẽm nhiều hơn ở gan, tiếp theo là cơ và ít nhất trong mang, tổn thương DNA rõ rệt hơn ở cá được cho ăn thức ăn giàu ZnO NP tổng hợp hóa học. Kết luận, kết quả cho thấy rằng việc bổ sung khẩu phần GT3 400 mg/kg vào chế độ ăn của cá đã nâng cao mức độ enzyme chống oxy hóa, tăng cường phản ứng miễn dịch và không gây tổn thương mô cho các cơ quan, do đó, thực phẩm nan GT3 có thể được khuyến nghị để cải thiện sức khỏe cá.

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Tài liệu tham khảo

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