Study of Cellular Senescence and Vitamin D Deficiency in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and The Potential Protective Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation

Leoni, 2018, Current guidelines for the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review with comparative analysis, World J Gastroenterol, 24, 3361, 10.3748/wjg.v24.i30.3361 Gariani, 2016, Eliciting the mitochondrial unfolded protein response by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide repletion reverses fatty liver disease in mice, Hepatology, 63, 1190, 10.1002/hep.28245 McDonald, 2016, Innate immune cell trafficking and function during sterile inflammation of the liver, Gastroenterology, 151, 1087, 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.09.048 Alswat, 2018, Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease burden–Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates, 2017–2030, Saudi J Gastroenterol: Off J Saudi Gastroenterol Assoc, 24, 211, 10.4103/sjg.SJG_122_18 Ogrodnik, 2017, Cellular senescence drives age-dependent hepatic steatosis, Nat Commun, 8, 1, 10.1038/ncomms15691 Jurk, 2014, Chronic inflammation induces telomere dysfunction and accelerates ageing in mice, Nat Commun, 5, 4172, 10.1038/ncomms5172 Lee, 2016, Association between bone mineral density and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Korean adults, J Endocrinol Invest, 39, 1329, 10.1007/s40618-016-0528-3 Novelli, 2007, Anthropometrical parameters and markers of obesity in rats, Lab Anim, 41, 111, 10.1258/002367707779399518 Zhang, 2015, Polydatin supplementation ameliorates diet-induced development of insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in rats, Mol Med Rep, 11, 603, 10.3892/mmr.2014.2708 Chavhan, 2011, Clinicopathological studies on vitamin D3 toxicity and therapeutic evaluation of Aloe vera in rats, Toxicol Int, 18, 35, 10.4103/0971-6580.75851 Matthews, 1985, Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and β-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man, Diabetologia, 28, 412, 10.1007/BF00280883 Gutierrez-Buey, 2017, Is HOMA-IR a potential screening test for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in adults with type 2 diabetes?, Eur J Intern Med, 41, 74, 10.1016/j.ejim.2017.03.006 Targher, 2007, Prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and its association with cardiovascular disease among type 2 diabetic patients, Diabetes Care, 30, 1212, 10.2337/dc06-2247 Cambuli, 2008, Assessment of adiponectin and leptin as biomarkers of positive metabolic outcomes after lifestyle intervention in overweight and obese children, J Clin Endocrinol Metabol, 93, 3051, 10.1210/jc.2008-0476 Andrade-Oliveira, 2015, Adipokines as drug targets in diabetes and underlying disturbances, J Diabet Res, 2015 Ko, 2009, Clinical and histological features of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in children, Dig Dis Sci, 54, 2225, 10.1007/s10620-009-0949-3 Jorgensen, 2003, Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, Gastroenterol Nurs, 26, 150, 10.1097/00001610-200307000-00003 Azam, 2016, Insulin resistance in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: experience from Bangladesh, Bangladesh Crit Care J, 4, 86, 10.3329/bccj.v4i2.30022 El-Koofy, 2012, The association of metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in overweight/obese children, Saudi J Gastroenterol Off J Saudi Gastroenterol Assoc, 18, 44, 10.4103/1319-3767.91738 Kim, 2008, Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a manifestation of the metabolic syndrome, Cleve Clin J Med, 75, 721, 10.3949/ccjm.75.10.721 Moreno, 2005, Pathogenesis of primary nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, Med Clínica, 124, 668 Dowman, 2010, Pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, QJM: Int J Med, 103, 71, 10.1093/qjmed/hcp158 Buzzetti, 2016, The multiple-hit pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), Metabolism, 65, 1038, 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.12.012 Fang, 2018, Pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in children and adolescence: from “two hit theory” to “multiple hit model”, World J Gastroenterol, 24, 2974, 10.3748/wjg.v24.i27.2974 Jacome-Sosa, 2014, Fatty acid sources and their fluxes as they contribute to plasma triglyceride concentrations and fatty liver in humans, Curr Opin Lipidol, 25, 213, 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000080 Mahaling, 2013, Comparison of lipid profile in different grades of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease diagnosed on ultrasound, Asian Pacific J Trop Biomed, 3, 907, 10.1016/S2221-1691(13)60177-X Deeb, 2007, Vitamin D signalling pathways in cancer: potential for anticancer therapeutics, Nat Rev Canc, 7, 684, 10.1038/nrc2196 Amor, 2019, Dyslipidemia in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes, 26, 103, 10.1097/MED.0000000000000464 Sanyal, 2015, Challenges and opportunities in drug and biomarker development for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: findings and recommendations from an American association for the study of liver diseases–US food and drug administration joint workshop, Hepatology, 61, 1392, 10.1002/hep.27678 Barchetta, 2016, No effects of oral vitamin D supplementation on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, BMC Med, 14, 92, 10.1186/s12916-016-0638-y Barchetta, 2012, Liver vitamin D receptor, CYP2R1, and CYP27A1 expression: relationship with liver histology and vitamin D3 levels in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis or hepatitis C virus, Hepatology, 56, 2180, 10.1002/hep.25930 Hariri, 2019, Effect of vitamin D on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review of randomized controlled clinical trials, Int J Prev Med, 10, 14, 10.4103/ijpvm.IJPVM_499_17 Gonzalez-Molero, 2013, Hypovitaminosis D and incidence of obesity: a prospective study, Eur J Clin Nutr, 67, 680, 10.1038/ejcn.2013.48 Cordeiro, 2015, Association between 25 (OH) D concentrations and metabolic syndrome components in class III obese subjects, Int J Med Med Sci, 48, 1597 Chen, 2019, Low vitamin D level was associated with metabolic syndrome and high leptin level in subjects with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a community-based study, BMC Gastroenterol, 19, 126, 10.1186/s12876-019-1040-y Vimaleswaran, 2013, Causal relationship between obesity and vitamin D status: bi-directional Mendelian randomization analysis of multiple cohorts, PLoS Med, 10, 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001383 Cho, 2019, Association between vitamin D deficiency and suspected nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in an Adolescent population, Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr, 22, 233, 10.5223/pghn.2019.22.3.233 Kong, 2014, Vitamin D deficiency promotes nonalcoholic steatohepatitis through impaired enterohepatic circulation in animal model, Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, 307, G883, 10.1152/ajpgi.00427.2013 Schafer, 2016, Exercise prevents diet-induced cellular senescence in adipose tissue, Diabetes, 65, 1606, 10.2337/db15-0291 Papatheodoridi, 2020, The role of senescence in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and progression to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, Hepatology, 71, 363, 10.1002/hep.30834 Kondo, 2014, Senescence marker protein-30/superoxide dismutase 1 double knockout mice exhibit increased oxidative stress and hepatic steatosis, FEBS Open Bio, 4, 522, 10.1016/j.fob.2014.05.003 Passos, 2010, Feedback between p21 and reactive oxygen production is necessary for cell senescence, Mol Syst Biol, 6, 10.1038/msb.2010.5 Aravinthan, 2013, Hepatocyte senescence predicts progression in non-alcohol-related fatty liver disease, J Hepatol, 58, 549, 10.1016/j.jhep.2012.10.031 Dalle Pezze, 2014, Dynamic modelling of pathways to cellular senescence reveals strategies for targeted interventions, PLoS Comput Biol, 10, 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003728 Nakano, 2011, Impact of artificial sunlight therapy on the progress of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats, J Hepatol, 55, 415, 10.1016/j.jhep.2010.11.028 Sakpal, 2017, Vitamin D supplementation in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized controlled trial, JGH Open, 1, 62, 10.1002/jgh3.12010 Liu, 2020, Active vitamin D supplementation alleviates initiation and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by repressing the p53 pathway, Life Sci, 241, 117086, 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117086 Sharifi, 2019, Vitamin D supplementation and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a critical and systematic review of clinical trials, Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 59, 693, 10.1080/10408398.2017.1389693 Osei-Hyiaman, 2008, Hepatic CB 1 receptor is required for development of diet-induced steatosis, dyslipidemia, and insulin and leptin resistance in mice, J Clin Invest, 118, 3160, 10.1172/JCI34827 Feldstein, 2009, Cytokeratin-18 fragment levels as noninvasive biomarkers for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: a multicenter validation study, Hepatology, 50, 1072, 10.1002/hep.23050