Studies of graphene–chitosan interactions and analysis of the bioadsorption of glucose and cholesterol
Tóm tắt
Molecular simulations were performed to investigate the structural and electronic properties of graphene (G) nanosheet interacting with the monomer of chitosan (MCh) (C6H13O5N). The G nanosheet with the C54H18 chemical composition is modeled according to the armchair edge and is functionalized with boron atoms. The interaction between the nanosheet and the MCh is investigated to search for better bio-sensing characteristics. Simulations are done within the density functional theory, the generalized gradient approximation is applied to deal with the exchange–correlation energies, and the all-electron basis set with double polarization is used. To determine the structure stability, the minimum energy criterion is applied for the G + MCh system in seven different geometries; in addition, it is checked with the non-complex vibration frequency. Results show chemical interactions between the G nanosheets and the MCh in the ground-state geometry. In this geometry, the monomer is oriented perpendicular to the G nanosheet at a distance of 3.9 Å with the nanosheet remaining unchanged. The nanosheet functionalization with boron (to form an epoxy group) and interaction with the monomer yield improved adsorption conditions with a bond length of Cmesh–B–NAmine = 3.19 Å and the formation of B–N (boron attached to graphene–amine of the monomer) bond of length 1.57 Å. The polarity of the G + B and G + B + MCh systems displays ionic characteristics contrary to G behavior. The (HOMO–LUMO) energy difference is 1.30 eV for the G + B system and 0.75 eV for the G + B + MCh. Finally, the G + B + MCh system is investigated when D-(+)-glucose and cholesterol are adsorbed. Results show chemisorptions, which suggest the system to be used in biosensor devices.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Allen MJ, Tung VC, Kaner RB (2010) Honeycomb carbon: a review of graphene. Chem Rev 110:132
Araujo V, Peñaranda M, Castellano O, Soscun H (2012) Propiedades estructurales, energéticas y electrónicas del complejo molecular formado por la interacción entre benceno y grafeno extendido: Investigación basada en la teoría del funcional de la densidad DFT. Ciencia 20(special issue):128–136
Boese AD, Handy NC (2001) A new parametrization of exchange-correlation generalized gradient approximation functionals. J Chem Phys 114:5497
Chigo Anota E, Ramírez Gutierrez RE, Escobedo Morales A, Hernández Cocoletzi G (2012) Influence of point defects on the electronic properties of boron nitride nanosheets. J Mol Model 18(5):2175–2184
Chigo Anota E, Escobedo Morales A, Salazar Vilanueva M, Vazquez Cuchillo O, Rubio Rosas E (2013b) On the influence of point defects on the structural and electronic properties of graphene-like sheets: a molecular simulation study. J Mol Model 19(2):839–846
Chigo Anota E, Ramírez Gutiérrez RE, Pérez Sánchez FL, Sánchez Ramírez JF (2013c) Structural characteristics and chemical reactivity of doped graphene nanosheets. Graphene 1(1):31–36
Chigo Anota E, Rodríguez Juárez A, Miguel Castro, Hernández Cocoletzi H (2013d) A density functional theory analysis for the adsorption of the amine group on graphene and boron nitride nanosheets. J Mol Model 19:321–328
Chigo Anota E, Hernández Rodríguez LD, Hernández Cocoletzi G (2013a) Influence of point defects on the adsorption of chitosan on graphene-like BN nanosheets. Graphene. doi:10.1166/graph.2013.1014
Delley B (1990) An all‐electron numerical method for solving the local density functional for polyatomic molecules. J Chem Phys 92:508–517
Delley B (2000) From molecules to solids with the DMol3 approach. J Chem Phys 113:7756–7764
Dikin DA, Stankovich S, Zimney EJ, Piner RD, Dommett GHB, Evmenenko G, Nguyen ST, Ruoff RS (2007) Preparation and characterization of graphene oxide paper. Nature 448:457–460
Elias DC, Nair RR, Mohiuddin TMG, Morozov SV, Blake P, Halsall MP, Ferrari AC, Boukhvalov DW, Katsnelson MI, Geim AK, Novoselov KS (2009) Control of graphene’s properties by reversible hydrogenation: evidence for graphene. Science 323:610–614
Ezawa M (2013) Quantum percolation transition from graphene to graphane: graph theoretical approach. Nanomat Nanotechnol 3:1–6
Foresman JB, Frisch Æ. (1996) Exploring chemistry with electronic structure methods. 2nd Edn. Gaussian Inc., USA, p 70
Frisch MJ, Trucks GW, Schlegel HB, Scuseria GE et al. (2009) Gaussian09, Revision C.01-SMP. Gaussian Inc., Pittsburgh
Hernández Cocoletzi H, Águila Almanza E, Flores Agustín O, Viveros Nava EL, Ramos Cassellis E, Lee YC (2005) Obtención y caracterización de quitosano a partir de exoesqueletos de camarón. Sup y Vac 21(3):57–60
Kang X, Wang J, Wu H, Aksay IA, Liu J, Lin Y (2009) Glucose oxidase–graphene–chitosan modified electrode for direct electrochemistry and glucose sensing. Biosens Biolectron 25:901–905
Kuila T, Bose S, Khanra P, Mishra AK, Hoon Kim N, Le Hee J (2011) Recent advances in graphene-based biosensors. Biosens Bioelectron 26:4637–4648
Kurita K (2001) Controlled functionalization of the polysaccharide chitin. Prog Plym Sci 26:1921–1971
Li X, Wang H, Robinson JT, Sanchez H, Diankov G, Dai H (2009) Simultaneous nitrogen doping and reduction of graphene oxide. J Am Chem Soc 131:15939–15944
Li B, Zhou L, Wu D, Peng H, Yan K, Zhou Y, Liu Z (2011) Photochemical chlorination of graphene. ACS Nano 5:5957–5961
Ling X, Xie L, Fang Y, Xu H, Zhang H, Kong J, Dresselhaus MS, Zhang J, Liu Z (2010) Can graphene be used as a substrate for raman enhancement? Nano Lett 10:553–561
Long J, Xie X, Xu J, Gu Q, Chen L, Wang X (2012) Nitrogen-doped graphene nanosheets as metal-free catalysts for aerobic selective oxidation of benzylic alcohols. ACS Catal 2:622–631
Masuko T, Minami A, Iwasaki N, Majima T, Nishimura I, Lee YC (2005) Thiolation of chitosan attachment of proteins via thioether formation. Biomacromolecules 6:880–884
McAllister MJ, Li JL, Adamson DH, Schniepp HC, Abdala AA, Liu J, Herrera Alonso M, Milius DL, Car R, Prud’homme RK, Aksay IA (2007) Single sheet functionalized graphene by oxidation and thermal expansion of graphite. Chem Mater 19:4396–4404
Nair RR, Ren WC, Jalil R, Diaz I, Kravets VG, Britnell L, Blake P, Schedin F, Mayorov AS, Yuan S, Katsnelson MI, Cheng HM, Strupinski W, Bulsheva LG, Okotrub AV, Grigoreva IV, Grigorenko AN, Novoselov KS, Geim AK (2010) Fluorographene: a two-dimensional counterpart of teflon. Small 6(24):2877–2884
Novoselov KS, Geim AK, Morozov SV, Jiang D, Zhang Y, Dubonos SV, Grigorieva IV, Firsov AA (2004) Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films. Science 306:666–669
Pumera M (2009) Electrochemistry of graphene: new horizons for sensing and energy storage. Chem Rec 9:211–223
Pumera M (2010) Graphene-based nanomaterials and their electrochemistry. Chem Soc Rev 39:4146–4157
Rodriguez Juárez A, Chigo Anota E, Hernández Cocoletzi H, Flores Riveros A (2013) Adsorption of chitosan on BN nanotubes: a DFT investigation. Appl Surf Sci 268:259–264
Schniepp HC, Li JL, Mcallister MJ, Sai H, Herrera Alonso M, Adamson DH, Prud’homme RK, Car R, Saville DA, Aksay IA (2006) Functionalized single graphene sheets derived from splitting graphite oxide. J Phys Chem B 110:8535–8539
Sofo JO, Chaudhari AS, Barber GD (2007) Graphane: a two-dimensional hydrocarbon. Phys Rev B 75:153401–153404
Valentini L, Cardinali M, Kenny JM, Prato M, Monticelli O (2012) A photoresponsive hybrid nanomaterial based on graphene and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2012:5282–5287
Wang WL, Kaxiras E (2010) Graphene hydrate: theoretical prediction of a new insulating form of graphene. New J Phys 12:1250121–1250127
Xue Y, Liu Y, Lu F, Qu J, Chen H, Dai L (2012) Functionalization of graphene oxide with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) for multifunctional applications. J Phys Chem Lett 3:1607–1612
Yaya A, Ewels CP, Suarez-Martinez I, Wagner PH, Lefrant S, Okotrub A, Bulusheva L, Briddon PR (2011) Bromination of graphene and graphite. Phys Rev B 83:0454111–0454115
Zhou J, Wang Q, Sun Q, Chen XS, Kawazoe Y, Jena P (2009) Ferromagnetism in semihydrogenated graphene sheet. Nano Lett 9(11):3867–3870