Structure, mechanical, and tribotechnical properties of an austenitic nitrogen steel after frictional treatment
Tóm tắt
The features of the structure and the mechanical and tribotechnical properties of an austenitic nitrogen steel (Cr16.5, Mn18.8, C0.07, N0.53, Si0.52 wt %, and Fe for balance) after frictional treatment have been studied. It has been shown that, along with twinning, the nitrogen austenite upon frictional treatment undergoes a γ → stacking fault → ε transformation. The strengthening of the steel by the frictional treatment manifests in a delay of the onset of the plastic flow. In the structure of the surface layer with a thickness of 5 μm, a high concentration of stacking faults has been detected. The mechanical properties depend on the orientation of the acting stresses relative to the direction of the frictional treatment. Upon the sliding friction of a ball made of hard alloy (94%WC + 6%Co) on the strengthened surface, an anomalously low coefficient of friction of 0.13 is observed. The coefficient of friction in the presence of abrasive particles in the form of wear debris increases to 0.50; however, the wear rate is almost two times lower compared to the same characteristic for a nonstrengthened surface of the nitrogen steel tested under the same conditions.
Tài liệu tham khảo
O. A. Bannykh and V. M. Blinov, Dispersion-Hardening Nonmagnetic Vanadium-Containing Steels (Nauka, Moscow, 1980) [in Russian].
A. V. Makarov, R. A. Savrai, E. S. Gorkunov, A. S. Yurovskikh, I. Yu. Malygina, and N. A. Davydova, “Sructure, mechanical characteristics, and deformation and fracture features of quenched structural steel under static and cyclic loading after combined strainheat nanostructuring treatment,” Phys. Mesomech. 18, 43–57 (2015).
V. R. Baraz, O. N. Fedorenko, M. S. Khadyev, and S. M. Zadvorkin, “Effect of friction deformation on the structure and properties of a martensitic spring steel,” Metal Sci. Heat Treat. 56, 210–213 (2014).
A. V. Makarov, R. A. Savrai, N. A. Pozdejeva, S. V. Smirnov, D. I. Vichuzhanin, L. G. Korshunov, and I. Yu. Malygina, “Effect of hardening friction treatment with hard-alloy indenter on microstructure, mechanical properties, and deformation and fracture features of constructional steel under static and cyclic tension,” Surf. Coatings Technol. 205, 841–852 (2010).
A. V. Makarov, R. A. Savrai, I. Yu. Malygina, and N. A. Pozdeeva, “Effect of hardening friction treatment on mechanical properties and features of deformation upon static and cyclic loading of low-carbon steel,” Fiz. Khim. Obrab. Mater., No. 1, 92–102 (2009).
D. N. Tagil’tseva, N. A. Narkevich, I. A. Shulepov, and D. D. Moiseenko, “Relaxation capacity and cracking resistance of nitrous coating produced by electronbeam facing of 0.6C–24Cr–0.7N–16Mn steel powder during wear by hard abrasive under heavy loads,” J. Friction Wear 35, 104–110 (2014).
L. G. Korshunov, Yu. N. Goikhenberg, N. A. Tereshchenko, A. I. Uvarov, A. V. Makarov, and N. L. Chernenko, “Wear resistance and surface structure of nitrogencontaining stainless austenitic steels upon friction and abrasive wear,” Phys. Met. Metallogr. 84, 554–561 (1997).
L. G. Korshunov and N. L. Chernenko, “Structural transformations upon wear and the wear resistance of Fe–Mn alloys containing e-martensite,” Fiz. Met. Metalloved. 63, 319–328 (1987).
S. S. Gorelik, L. N. Rastorguev, and Yu. A. Skakov, X-ray and Electon-Optical Analysis (Metallurgiya, Moscow, 1970) [in Russian].
R. W. Honeycombe, Plastic Deformation of Metals (Arnold, London, 1984; Mir, Moscow, 1972).
M. I. Gol’dshtein, V. S. Litvinov, and B. M. Bronfin, Metal Physics of High-Strength Alloys (Metallurgiya, Moscow, 1986) [in Russian].
Ya. D. Vishnyakov, Stacking Faults in Crystal Structure (Metallurgiya, Moscow, 1970) [in Russian].
V. A. Pavlov, N. I. Noskova, and R. I. Kuznetsov, “Effect of stacking faults on the mechanical properties of metals,” Fiz. Met. Metalloved. 24, 957–954 (1967).
N. A. Dubovik and L. B. Zuev, “Evolution of dislocation structure in high-nitrogen austenitic steels,” Izv.Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved.: Chern. Metall., No. 4, 34–37 (1992).
I. V. Kireeva, Yu. I. Chumlyakov, and N. V. Luzginova, “Slip and twinning in single crystals of austenitic stainless steels with nitrogen,” Phys. Met. Metallogr. 94, 508–519 (2002).
I. V. Kireeva, N. V. Luzginova, Yu. I. Chumlyakov, I. Karaman, and B. D. Lichter, “Plastic deformation of nitrogen containing austenitic stainless steel single crystals with low stacking fault energy,” J. Phys. IV. 115, 223–230 (2004).
V. V. Berezovskaya, M. S. Khadyev, R. Z. Valiev, Yu. A. Sokolovskaya, and R. Ritzenhoff, “Phase stability and plasticity mechanism of high nitrogen austenitic steel under severe plastic deformation by ECAP,” in Proc. 12th Int. Conf. on High Nitrogen Steels (Energietechnik Essen, Hamburg, 2014), pp. 88–93.
N. Narkevich, V. Durakov, and A. Tolmachev, “Electron- beam deposited nitrogen coatings, modification of their structure and properties,” in Proc. 12th Int. Conf. on High Nitrogen Steels (Energietechnik Essen, Hamburg, 2014), pp. 234–239.
N. A. Narkevich, D. N. Tagil’tseva, Yu. P. Mironov, and L. S. Derevyagina, “Deformation and destruction of powder coating from nitrogen steel, formed by electron-beam overlaying on the 65G steel substrate,” Deform. Razrush. Mater., No. 8, 28–35 (2013).
A. A. Rusakov, X-ray Diffraction Analysis of Metals (Atomizdat, Moscow, 1977).
G. Gottshtain, Physical and Chemical Foundations of Material Science (Binom, Moscow, 2009) [in Russian].
I. I. Novikov, Theoretical Principles of Heat Treatment in Metallurgy (Metallurgiya, Moscow, 1978).
N. A. Narkevich, A. I. Tolmachev, I. V. Vlasov, and N. S. Surikova, “Structure and mechanical properties of nitrogen austenitic steel after ultrasonic forging,” Phys. Met. Metallogr. 117, 288–294 (2016).
K.-H. Zum Gahr, Microstructure and Wear of Materials (Tribology Series 10, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1987).