Structure and function of the gene for neural cell adhesion molecule

Seminars in Neuroscience - Tập 3 - Trang 271-284 - 1991
Frank S. Walsh1, Patrick Doherty1
1From the Department of Experimental Pathology, U.M.D.S., Guy's Hospital, London Bridge, London SE1 9RT, UK

Tài liệu tham khảo

Nybroe, 1988, NCAM biosynthesis in brain, Neurochem Int, 12, 251, 10.1016/0197-0186(88)90162-3 Rutishauser, 1991, Pleiotropic biological effects of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), Semin Neurosci, 3, 265, 10.1016/1044-5765(91)90044-O Walsh, 1988, The N-CAM gene is a complex transcriptional unit, Neurochem Int, 12, 263, 10.1016/0197-0186(88)90163-5 Goridis, 1988, The three size classes of NCAM proteins arise from a single gene by a combination of alternative splicing and use of different polyadenylation sites, Neurochem Int, 12, 269, 10.1016/0197-0186(88)90164-7 Walsh, 1989, Generation of multiple N-CAM polypeptides from a single gene, Bioessays, 4, 83, 10.1002/bies.950110402 Murray, 1984, Isolation of cDNA clone for the chicken neuronal cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM), 81, 5584 Goridis, 1985, Isolation of mouse N-CAM-related cDNA: detection and cloning using monoclonal antibodies, EMBO J, 4, 631, 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1985.tb03676.x Nguyen, 1986, Localization of the human NCAM gene to band q23 of chromosome 11; the third gene for a cell interaction molecule mapped to the distal portion of the long arm of chromosome 11, J Cell Biol, 102, 711, 10.1083/jcb.102.3.711 Nguyen, 1986, Localization of the human NCAM gene to band q23 of chromosome 11; the third gene for a cell interaction molecule mapped to the distal portion of the long arm of chromosome 11, J Cell Biol, 102, 715, 10.1083/jcb.102.3.711 Walsh, 1986, Human NCAM gene: mapping to chromosome 11 by analysis of somatic cell hybrids with mouse and human cDNA probes, Mol Brain Res, 387, 197, 10.1016/0169-328X(86)90012-4 D'Eustachio, 1985, Chromosomal location of the gene encoding the neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) in the mouse, 82, 7631 Hemperly, 1986, Sequence of a cDNA clone encoding the polysialic acid-rich and cytoplasmic domains of the neural cell adhesion molecule N-CAM, 83, 3037 Owens, 1987, Organisation of the neural cell adhesion molecule gene: alternative exon usage as the basis for different membrane-associated domains, 84, 294 Barbas, 1986, Differential splicing and alternative polyadenylation generates distinct NCAM transcripts and proteins in this mouse, EMBO J, 7, 625, 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb02856.x Thompson, 1989, Alternative splicing of the neural cell adhesion molecule gene generates variant extracellular domain structure in skeletal muscle and brain, Genes Dev, 3, 348, 10.1101/gad.3.3.348 Small, 1988, Polypeptide variation in an N-CAM extracellular fold is developmentally regulated through alternative splicing, Neuron, 1, 1007, 10.1016/0896-6273(88)90158-4 Barton, 1990, Characterisation of the human N-CAM promoter, Biochem J, 268, 161, 10.1042/bj2680161 Hirsch, 1990, Identification of positive and negative regulatory elements governing cell-type-specific expression of the neural cell adhesion molecule gene, Mol Cell Biol, 10, 1959, 10.1128/MCB.10.5.1959 Chen, 1990, Transcription initiation sites and structural organisation of the extreme 5′ region of the rat neural cell adhesion molecule gene, Molec Cell Biol, 10, 3314, 10.1128/MCB.10.7.3314 Williams, 1987, A year in the life of the immunoglobulin superfamily, Immunol Today, 8, 298, 10.1016/0167-5699(87)90016-8 Cunningham, 1987, Neural cell adhesion molecule: structure, immunoglobulin-like domains, cell surface modulation and alternative RNA splicing, Science, 236, 799, 10.1126/science.3576199 Barthels, 1987, Isolation and nucleotide sequence of mouse NCAM cDNA that codes for a Mr 79,000 polypeptide without a membrane spanning domain, EMBO J, 6, 907, 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb04837.x Barton, 1988, Complete sequence and in vitro expression of a tissue specific phosphatidylinositol linked N-CAM isoform from skeletal muscle, Development, 104, 165, 10.1242/dev.104.1.165 Small, 1987, Identification of a cDNA clone which contains the complete coding sequence for a 140 kDa rat NCAM polypeptide, J Cell Biol, 1, 2335, 10.1083/jcb.105.5.2335 Edelman, 1987, CAMs and Igs: cell adhesion and the evolutionary origins of immunity, Immunol Rev, 100, 11, 10.1111/j.1600-065X.1987.tb00526.x Rutishauser, 1989, Neural cell-to-cell adhesion and recognition, Curr Opin Cell Biol, 1, 898, 10.1016/0955-0674(89)90056-2 1990, 2, 421 Moore, 1985, Specific regulation of N-CAM/D2-CAM cell adhesion molecule during skeletal muscle development, EMBO J, 4, 623, 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1985.tb03675.x Moore, 1986, Nerve dependent regulation of neural cell adhesion molecule expression in skeletal muscle, Neuroscience, 18, 499, 10.1016/0306-4522(86)90170-3 Prentice, 1987, Nerve growth factor induced changes in neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) in PC12 cells, EMBO J, 6, 1859, 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb02444.x Hoffman, 1983, Kinetics of homophilic binding by embryonic and adult forms of the neural cell adhesion molecule, 80, 5762 Chiu, 1985, 5-Azacytidine permits gene activation in a previously noninducible cell type, Cell, 40, 417, 10.1016/0092-8674(85)90155-2 Small, 1990, Expression of the unique NCAM VASE exon is independently regulated in distinct tissues during development, J Cell Biol, 111, 2089, 10.1083/jcb.111.5.2089 Cole, 1989, Identification of a heparin binding domain of the neural cell adhesion molecule N-CAM using synthetic peptides, Neuron, 2, 1157, 10.1016/0896-6273(89)90182-7 Reyes, 1990, Structural requirements for neuronal cell adhesion molecule-heparin interactions, Cell Regulation, 1, 567, 10.1091/mbc.1.8.567 Cole, 1986, A heparin binding domain from NCAM is involved in neural cell-substratum adhesion, J Cell Biol, 102, 403, 10.1083/jcb.102.2.403 Liesi, 1991, Laminin and fibronectin and their cellular receptors during neural development, Semin Neurosci, 3, 331, 10.1016/1044-5765(91)90050-X Patel, 1989, Neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) is the antigen recognised by monoclonal antibodies of similar specificity in small-cell lung carcinoma and neuroblastoma, Int J Cancer, 44, 573, 10.1002/ijc.2910440402 Dickson, 1987, Human muscle neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM): identification of a muscle specific sequence in the extra-cellular domain, Cell, 50, 1119, 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90178-4 Santoni, 1989, Differential exon usage involving an unusual splicing mechanism generates at least 8 types of N-CAM cDNA in mouse brain, EMBO J, 8, 385, 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1989.tb03389.x Prediger, 1988, Four exons encode a 93 base-pair insert in three neural cell adhesion molecule mRNAs specific for chicken heart and skeletal muscle, 85, 9616 Walsh, 1989, Tissue specific O-linked glycosylation of the neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM), Development, 105, 803, 10.1242/dev.105.4.803 Gower, 1988, Alternative splicing generates a secreted form of N-CAM in muscle and brain, Cell, 55, 955, 10.1016/0092-8674(88)90241-3 Pollerberg, 1985, Selective expression of the 180 kDa component of the neural cell adhesion molecule N-CAM during development, J Cell Biol, 101, 1921, 10.1083/jcb.101.5.1921 Troy, 1990, Polysialylation of neural cell adhesion molecules, Trends Glycosci Glycotech, 2, 430, 10.4052/tigg.2.430 Jentoft, 1990, Why are proteins O-glycosylated, Trends Biochem Sci, 15, 291, 10.1016/0968-0004(90)90014-3 Edelman, 1987, Cellular expression of liver and neural cell adhesion molecules after transfection with their cDNAs results in specific cell-cell binding, 84, 8502 Ranscht, 1991, Cadherin cell adhesion molecules in vertebrate neural development, Semin Neurosci, 3, 285, 10.1016/1044-5765(91)90046-Q Doherty, 1989, Neuronal process outgrowth of human sensory neurons on monolayers of cells transfected with cDNAs for five human N-CAM isoforms, J Cell Biol, 109, 789, 10.1083/jcb.109.2.789 Doherty, 1990, A threshold effect of the major isoforms of NCAM on neurite outgrowth, Nature, 343, 464, 10.1038/343464a0 Doherty, 1990, Neurite outgrowth in response to transfected NCAM changes during development and is modulated by polysialic acid, Neuron, 5, 209, 10.1016/0896-6273(90)90310-C Doherty, 1991, Neurite outgrowth in response to transfected N-CAM and N-cadherin reveals fundamental differences in neuronal responsiveness to CAMs, Neuron, 6, 247, 10.1016/0896-6273(91)90360-C Bixby, 1987, Neurite outgrowth on muscle cell surfaces involves extra-cellular matrix receptors as well as Ca2+-dependent and -independent cell adhesion molecules, 84, 2555 Bixby, 1988, Identification of the major proteins that promote neuronal process outgrowth on Schwann cells in vitro, J Cell Biol, 107, 353, 10.1083/jcb.107.1.353 Neugebauer, 1988, N-cadherin, NCAM and integrins promote neurite outgrowth on astrocytes in vitro, J Cell Biol, 107, 1177, 10.1083/jcb.107.3.1177 Tomaselli, 1988, N-cadherin and integrins: two receptor systems that mediate neuronal process outgrowth on astrocyte surfaces, Neuron, 1, 33, 10.1016/0896-6273(88)90207-3 Schlosshauer, 1984, Topological distribution of different forms of neural cell adhesion molecule in the developing chick visual system, Nature, 310, 141, 10.1038/310141a0 Edelman, 1986, Cell adhesion molecules and the regulation of animal form and tissue pattern, Annu Rev Cell Biol, 2, 81, 10.1146/annurev.cb.02.110186.000501