Structure and function of the blood–brain barrier
Tóm tắt
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Abbott, 1992, Comparative physiology of the blood–brain barrier, 371
Abbott, 1998, Role of intracellular calcium in regulation of brain endothelial permeability, 345
Abbott, 2002, Astrocyte–endothelial interactions and blood–brain barrier permeability, J. Anat., 200, 629, 10.1046/j.1469-7580.2002.00064.x
Abbott, 2004, Evidence for bulk flow of brain interstitial fluid: significance for physiology and pathology, Neurochem. Int., 45, 545, 10.1016/j.neuint.2003.11.006
Abbott, 2005, Dynamics of CNS barriers: evolution, differentiation, and modulation, Cell. Mol. Neurobiol., 25, 5, 10.1007/s10571-004-1374-y
Abbott, 2006, Astrocyte–endothelial interactions at the blood–brain barrier, Nature Rev. Neurosci., 7, 41, 10.1038/nrn1824
Abbott, 2002, Drug resistance in epilepsy: the role of the blood–brain barrier, 38
Anthony, 1997, Age-related effects of interleukin-β on polymorphonuclear neutrophil-dependent increases in blood–brain barrier permeability in rats, Brain, 120, 435, 10.1093/brain/120.3.435
Balda, 1991, Assembly and sealing of tight junctions: possible participation of G-proteins, phospholipase C, protein kinase C and calmodulin, J. Membr. Biol., 122, 193, 10.1007/BF01871420
Balda, 2009, Tight junctions and the regulation of gene expression, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1788, 761, 10.1016/j.bbamem.2008.11.024
Ballabh, 2004, The blood–brain barrier: an overview: structure, regulation, and clinical implications, Neurobiol. Disease, 16, 1, 10.1016/j.nbd.2003.12.016
Banks, 2002, Leptin transport across the blood–brain barrier of the Koletsky rat is not mediated by a product of the leptin receptor gene, Brain Res., 950, 130, 10.1016/S0006-8993(02)03013-5
Banks, 2004, The source of cerebral insulin, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 490, 5, 10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.02.040
Bartels, 2008, Decreased blood–brain barrier P-glycoprotein function in the progression of Parkinson's disease, PSP and MSA, J. Neural Transm., 115, 1001, 10.1007/s00702-008-0030-y
Bauer, 2004, Proteins of the tight junction in the blood brain barrier, 1
Bechmann, 2005, Circulating monocytic cells infiltrate layers of anterograde axonal degeneration where they transform into microglia, FASEB J., 19, 647, 10.1096/fj.04-2599fje
Bechmann, 2001, Immune surveillance of mouse brain perivascular spaces by blood-borne macrophages, Eur. J. Neurosci., 14, 1651, 10.1046/j.0953-816x.2001.01793.x
Begley, 1996, The blood–brain barrier: principles for targeting peptides and drugs to the central nervous system, J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 48, 136, 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1996.tb07112.x
Begley, 2004, Delivery of therapeutic agents to the central nervous system: the problems and the possibilities, Pharmacol. Ther., 104, 29, 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2004.08.001
Begley, 2004, ABC transporters and the blood–brain barrier, Curr. Pharm. Des., 10, 1295, 10.2174/1381612043384844
Begley, 2007, Structure and function of the blood–brain barrier, 575
Begley, 2003, Structural and functional aspects of the blood–brain barrier, Progr. Drug Res., 61, 39
Begley, 2008, Lysosomal storage diseases and the blood–brain barrier, Curr. Pharm. Des., 14, 1566, 10.2174/138161208784705504
Bell, 2009, Neurovascular mechanisms and blood–brain barrier disorder in Alzheimer's disease, Acta Neuropathol., 118, 103, 10.1007/s00401-009-0522-3
Bernacki, 2008, Physiology and pharmacological role of the blood–brain barrier, Pharmacol. Rep., 60, 600
Berzin, 2000, Agrin and microvascular damage in Alzheimer's disease, Neurobiol. Aging, 21, 349, 10.1016/S0197-4580(00)00121-4
Betz, 1980, Polarity of the blood–brain barrier: distribution of enzymes between the luminal and abluminal membranes of brain capillary endothelial cells, Brain Res., 192, 17, 10.1016/0006-8993(80)91004-5
Bodor, 2003, Brain-targeted drug delivery: experiences to date, Am. J. Drug Targ., 1, 13, 10.2165/00137696-200301010-00002
Bolton, 1998, Loss of tight junction proteins occludin and zonula-occludens-1 from cerebral vascular endothelium during neutrophil-induced blood–brain barrier breakdown in vivo, Neuroscience, 86, 1245, 10.1016/S0306-4522(98)00058-X
Bouldin, 1975, Differential permeability of cerebral capillary and choroid plexus to lanthanum ion, Brain Res., 99, 444, 10.1016/0006-8993(75)90053-0
Bradbury, 1963, The distribution of potassium, sodium, chloride and urea between lumbar cerebrospinal fluid and blood serum in human subjects, Clin. Sci., 25, 97
Brightman, 1969, Junctions between intimately apposed cell membranes in the vertebrate brain, J. Cell Biol., 40, 648, 10.1083/jcb.40.3.648
Broadwell, 1988, Transcytotic pathway for blood–borne protein through the blood–brain barrier, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 85, 632, 10.1073/pnas.85.2.632
Bronger, 2005, ABCC drug efflux pumps and organic anion uptake transporters in human gliomas and the blood–tumor barrier, Cancer Res, 65, 11419, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-1271
Brown, 2004, Molecular mechanisms of cerebrospinal fluid production, Neuroscience, 129, 957, 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.07.003
Buckner, 2006, Neuroimmunity and the blood–brain barrier: molecular regulation of leukocyte transmigration and viral entry into the nervous system with a focus on NeuroAIDS, J. Neuroimmune Pharmacol., 1, 160, 10.1007/s11481-006-9017-3
Butt, 1990, Electrical resistance across the blood–brain barrier in anaesthetised rats: a developmental study, J. Physiol., 429, 47, 10.1113/jphysiol.1990.sp018243
Butt, 1995, Effect of inflammatory agents on electrical resistance across the blood–brain barrier in pial microvessels of anaesthetised rats, Brain Res, 696, 145, 10.1016/0006-8993(95)00811-4
Carman, 2008, Trans-cellular migration: cell–cell contacts get intimate, Curr. Opin. Cell Biol., 20, 533, 10.1016/j.ceb.2008.05.007
Cirrito, 2005, P-glycoprotein deficiency at the blood–brain barrier increases amyloid-beta deposition in an Alzheimer disease mouse model, J. Clin. Invest., 115, 3285, 10.1172/JCI25247
Clark, 2003, In silico prediction of blood–brain barrier permeation, Drug Discov. Today, 8, 927, 10.1016/S1359-6446(03)02827-7
Claudio, 1989, Increased vesicular transport and decreased mitochondrial content in blood–brain barrier endothelial cells during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, Am. J. Pathol., 135, 1157
Correale, 2007, The blood–brain-barrier in multiple sclerosis: functional roles and therapeutic targeting, Autoimmunity, 40, 148, 10.1080/08916930601183522
Cserr, 1981, Efflux of radiolabeled polyethylene glycol and albumin from rat brain, Am. J. Physiol., 240, F319
Cserr, 1992, Secretion and bulk flow of interstitial fluid, 245
Dahlin, 2009, Expression profiling of the solute carrier gene family in the mouse brain, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 329, 558, 10.1124/jpet.108.149831
Dallas, 2006, Multidrug resistance-associated proteins: expression and function in the central nervous system, Pharmacol. Rev., 58, 140, 10.1124/pr.58.2.3
Dallasta, 1999, Blood–brain barrier tight junction disruption in human immunodeficiency virus-1 encephalitis, Am. J. Pathol., 155, 1915, 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)65511-3
Dauchy, 2008, ABC transporters, cytochromes P450 and their main transcription factors: expression at the human blood–brain barrier, J. Neurochem., 107, 1518, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05720.x
Dauchy, 2009, Expression and transcriptional regulation of ABC transporters and cytochromes P450 in hCMEC/D3 human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells, Biochem. Pharmacol., 77, 897, 10.1016/j.bcp.2008.11.001
Davies, 2002, Blood–brain barrier breakdown in septic encephalopathy and brain tumours, J. Anat., 200, 639, 10.1046/j.1469-7580.2002.00065.x
Davoust, 2008, From bone marrow to microglia: barriers and avenues, Trends Immunol., 29, 227, 10.1016/j.it.2008.01.010
Davson, 1995
Dean, 2001, The human ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily, Genome Res., 11, 1156, 10.1101/gr.GR-1649R
Deane, 2004, RAGE (Yin) versus LRP (Yang) balance regulates Alzheimer amyloid β-peptide clearance through transport across the blood–brain barrier, Stroke, 35, 2628, 10.1161/01.STR.0000143452.85382.d1
Demeule, 2002, High transcytosis of melanotransferrin (P97) across the blood–brain barrier, J. Neurochem., 83, 924, 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2002.01201.x
Desai, 2007, Blood–brain barrier pathology in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease: implications for drug therapy, Cell Trans., 16, 285, 10.3727/000000007783464731
Dogrukol-Ak, 2009, Isolation of peptide transport system-6 from brain endothelial cells: therapeutic effects with antisense inhibition in Alzheimer and stroke models, J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab., 29, 411, 10.1038/jcbfm.2008.131
Dolman, 2005, Induction of aquaporin 1 but not aquaporin 4 messenger RNA in rat primary brain microvessel endothelial cells in culture, J. Neurochem., 93, 825, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03111.x
Drin, 2003, Studies on the internalisation mechanism of cationic cell-penetrating peptides, J. Biol. Chem., 278, 31192, 10.1074/jbc.M303938200
Eilers, 2008, MRP (ABCC) transporters-mediated efflux of anti-HIV drugs, saquinavir and zidovudine, from human endothelial cells, Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood)., 233, 1149, 10.3181/0802-RM-59
Engelhardt, 2007, Development of the blood–brain interface, 11
Engelhardt, 2004, Mini-review: transendothelial migration of leukocytes: through the front door or around the side of the house?, Eur. J. Immunol., 34, 2955, 10.1002/eji.200425327
Fabis, 2007, Loss of blood–brain barrier integrity in the spinal cord is common to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in knockout mouse models, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 104, 5656, 10.1073/pnas.0701252104
Förster, 2008, Tight junctions and the modulation of barrier function in disease, Histochem. Cell Biol., 130, 55, 10.1007/s00418-008-0424-9
Förster, 2008, Compound profiling for ABCC2 (MRP2) using a fluorescent microplate assay system, Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm., 69, 396, 10.1016/j.ejpb.2007.10.003
Gaillard, 2005, Targeted delivery across the blood–brain barrier, Expert Opin. Drug Deliv., 2, 299, 10.1517/17425247.2.2.299
Gaillard, 2003, Pharmacological investigations on lipopolysaccharide-induced permeability changes in the blood–brain in vitro, Microvasc. Res., 65, 24, 10.1016/S0026-2862(02)00009-2
Gingrich, 2000, Potentiation of NMDA receptor function by the serine protease thrombin, J. Neurosci., 20, 4582, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.20-12-04582.2000
Gingrich, 2000, Serine proteases and brain damage — is there a link?, Trends Neurosci., 23, 399, 10.1016/S0166-2236(00)01617-9
Giri, 2008, Investigation of the role of breast cancer resistance protein (Bcrp/Abcg2) on pharmacokinetics and central nervous system penetration of abacavir and zidovudine in the mouse, Drug Metab. Dispos., 36, 1476, 10.1124/dmd.108.020974
Gleeson, 2008, Generation of a set of simple, interpretable ADMET rules of thumb, J. Med. Chem., 51, 817, 10.1021/jm701122q
Glezer, 2007, Neuroprotective role of the innate immune system by microglia, Neuroscience, 147, 867, 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.02.055
Grieshaber, 2007, Does the blood–brain barrier play a role in glaucoma?, Surv. Ophthalmol., 52, S115, 10.1016/j.survophthal.2007.08.005
Grontoft, 1954, Intracranial haemorrhage and blood–brain barrier problems in the new-born: a pathologico-anatomical and experimental investigation, Acta Pathol. Microbiol. Scand. Suppl., 100, 8
Hamm, 2004, Astrocyte mediated modulation of blood–brain barrier permeability does not correlate with loss of tight junction proteins from the cellular contacts, Cell Tiss. Res., 315, 157, 10.1007/s00441-003-0825-y
Hansen, 1985, Effect of anoxia on ion distribution in the brain, Physiol. Rev., 65, 101, 10.1152/physrev.1985.65.1.101
Herz, 2003, Coaxing the LDL receptor family into the fold, Cell, 112, 289, 10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00073-4
Hess, 2004, Hematopoietic origin of microglial and perivascular cells in brain, Exp. Neurol., 186, 134, 10.1016/j.expneurol.2003.11.005
Huber, 2001, Inflammatory pain alters blood–brain barrier permeability and tight junctional protein expression, Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol., 280, H1241, 10.1152/ajpheart.2001.280.3.H1241
Jeong, 2006, Changes in magnesium concentration in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of neuropathic rats, Acta Anaesthesiol. Scand., 50, 211, 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2006.00925.x
Jones, 1992, The development of ion regulation at the blood–brain barrier, Prog. Brain Res., 91, 123, 10.1016/S0079-6123(08)62326-2
Kalaria, 1999, The blood–brain barrier and cerebrovascular pathology in Alzheimer's disease, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 893, 113, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb07821.x
Kamiie, 2008, Quantitative atlas of membrane transporter proteins: development and application of a highly sensitive simultaneous LC/MS/MS method combined with novel in-silico peptide selection criteria, Pharm. Res., 25, 69, 10.1007/s11095-008-9532-4
Kandel, 2000, 1294
Kastin, 2003, Peptide transport across the blood–brain barrier, Prog. Drug Res., 61, 79
Kaur, 2008, Blood brain barrier in hypoxic–ischemic conditions, Curr. Neurovasc. Res., 5, 71, 10.2174/156720208783565645
Keep, 1995, Developmental changes in blood–brain barrier potassium permeability in the rat: relation to brain growth, J. Physiol., 488, 439, 10.1113/jphysiol.1995.sp020978
Konsman, 2007, (Peri)vascular production and action of pro-inflammatory cytokines in brain pathology, Clin. Sci. (Lond), 112, 1, 10.1042/CS20060043
Kortekaas, 2005, Blood–brain barrier dysfunction in parkinsonian midbrain in vivo, Ann. Neurol., 57, 176, 10.1002/ana.20369
Krämer, 1999, Absorption prediction from physicochemical parameters, Pharm. Sci. Technol. Today, 2, 373, 10.1016/S1461-5347(99)00188-1
Lazarowski, 2007, ABC transporters during epilepsy and mechanisms underlying multidrug resistance in refractory epilepsy, Epilepsia, 48, 140, 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2007.01302.x
Lee, 2003, SSeCKS regulates angiogenesis and tight junction formation in blood–brain barrier, Nat. Med, 9, 900, 10.1038/nm889
Liebner, 2000, Claudin-1 and claudin-5 expression and tight junction morphology are altered in blood vessels of human glioblastoma multiforme, Acta Neuropathol, 100, 323, 10.1007/s004010000180
Liebner, 2008, Wnt/beta-catenin signaling controls development of the blood–brain barrier, J. Cell Biol., 183, 409, 10.1083/jcb.200806024
Lim, 2007, The adult neural stem cell niche: lessons for future neural cell replacement strategies, Neurosurg. Clin. N. Am., 18, 81, 10.1016/j.nec.2006.10.002
Liu, 2004, Development of a computational approach to predict blood–brain barrier permeability, Drug Metab. Dispos., 32, 132, 10.1124/dmd.32.1.132
Lo, 2003, Mechanisms, challenges and opportunities in stroke, Nature Rev. Neurosci., 4, 399, 10.1038/nrn1106
Lyck, 2009, Culture-induced changes in blood–brain barrier transcriptome: implications for amino-acid transporters in vivo, J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab., 10.1038/jcbfm.2009.72
Marroni, 2003, Vascular and parenchymal mechanisms in multiple drug resistance: a lesson from human epilepsy, Curr. Drug Targets, 4, 297, 10.2174/1389450033491109
Matsuoka, 1999, Developmental expression of P-glycoprotein (multidrug resistance gene product) in rat brain, J. Neurobiol., 39, 383, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4695(19990605)39:3<383::AID-NEU5>3.0.CO;2-4
McQuaid, 2009, The effects of blood–brain barrier disruption on glial cell function in multiple sclerosis, Biochem. Soc. Trans., 37, 329, 10.1042/BST0370329
Mellman, 1996, Endocytosis and molecular sorting, Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol., 12, 575, 10.1146/annurev.cellbio.12.1.575
Mertsch, 2002, Blood–brain barrier penetration and drug development from an industrial point of view, Curr. Med. Chem. – Central Nervous System Agents, 2, 187, 10.2174/1568015023358067
Milhorat, 1971, Cerebrospinal fluid production by the choroid plexus and brain, Science, 173, 330, 10.1126/science.173.3994.330
Minagar, 2003, Blood–brain barrier disruption in multiple sclerosis, Mult. Scler., 9, 540, 10.1191/1352458503ms965oa
Mitic, 2000, Molecular physiology and pathophysiology of tight junctions. I. Tight junction structure and function: lessons from mutant animals and proteins, Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver. Physiol., 297, G250, 10.1152/ajpgi.2000.279.2.G250
Moos, 1993, Cerebrovascular permeability to azo dyes and plasma proteins in rodents of different ages, Neuropathol. Applied. Neurobiol., 19, 120, 10.1111/j.1365-2990.1993.tb00416.x
Mukherjee, 1997, Endocytosis, Phys. Rev., 77, 759
Nadal, 1995, Plasma albumin is a potent trigger of calcium signals and DNA synthesis in astrocytes, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 92, 1426, 10.1073/pnas.92.5.1426
Nag, 2005, Blood–brain barrier, exchange of metabolites and gases, 22
Nakagawa, 2009, A new blood–brain barrier model using primary rat brain endothelial cells, pericytes and astrocytes, Neurochem. Int., 54, 253, 10.1016/j.neuint.2008.12.002
Neuhaus, 1991, Induction of blood–brain barrier characteristics in bovine brain endothelial cells by rat astroglial cells in transfilter coculture, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 633, 578, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb15667.x
Nischwitz, 2008, Speciation analysis of selected metals and determination of their total contents in paired serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples: an approach to investigate the permeability of the human blood–cerebrospinal fluid-barrier, Anal. Chim. Acta, 627, 258, 10.1016/j.aca.2008.08.018
Nitta, 2003, Size-selective loosening of the blood–brain barrier in claudin-5 deficient mice, J. Cell Biol., 161, 653, 10.1083/jcb.200302070
Ohno, 1978, Lower limits of cerebrovascular permeability to nonelectrolytes in the conscious rat, Am. J. Physiol., 235, H299
Ohtsuki, 2007, Contribution of carrier-mediated transport systems to the blood–brain barrier as a supporting and protecting interface for the brain; importance for CNS drug discovery and development, Pharm. Res., 24, 1745, 10.1007/s11095-007-9374-5
Oki, 2004, Increased ability of peripheral blood lymphocytes to degrade laminin in multiple sclerosis, J. Neurol. Sci., 222, 7, 10.1016/j.jns.2004.03.026
Olsson, 1968, Blood–brain barrier to albumin in embryonic new born and adult rats, Acta Neuropathol., 10, 117, 10.1007/BF00691305
Pan, 2000, Saturable entry of leukemia inhibitory factor from blood to the central nervous system, J. Neuroimmunol., 106, 172, 10.1016/S0165-5728(00)00241-1
Pan, 1999, Entry of EGF into brain is rapid and saturable, Peptides, 20, 1091, 10.1016/S0196-9781(99)00094-7
Pan, 2002, TNFα transport across the blood–brain barrier is abolished in receptor knockout mice, Exp. Neurol., 174, 193, 10.1006/exnr.2002.7871
Papadopoulos, 2004, Molecular mechanisms of brain tumor edema, Neuroscience, 129, 1011, 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.05.044
Pardridge, 1990, Evaluation of cationised rat albumin as a potential blood–brain barrier drug transport vector, Exp. Neurol., 255, 893
Persidsky, 2006, Blood–brain barrier: structural components and function under physiologic and pathologic conditions, J. Neuroimmune Pharmacol., 1, 223, 10.1007/s11481-006-9025-3
Preston, 1995, Permeability of the developing blood–brain barrier to 14C-mannitol using the rat in situ brain perfusion technique, Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res., 87, 69, 10.1016/0165-3806(95)00060-Q
Reiber, 2001, Dynamics of brain-derived proteins in cerebrospinal fluid, Clin. Chem. Acta, 310, 173, 10.1016/S0009-8981(01)00573-3
Remy, 2006, Molecular and cellular mechanisms of pharmacoresistance in epilepsy, Brain, 129, 18, 10.1093/brain/awh682
Rennels, 1983, Innervation of capillaries by local neurones in the cat hypothalamus: a light microscopic study with horseradish peroxidise, J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab., 3, 535, 10.1038/jcbfm.1983.82
Roberts, 2008, A critical overview of the influence of inflammation and infection on P-glycoprotein expression and activity in the brain, Expert Opin. Drug Metab. Toxicol., 4, 1245, 10.1517/17425255.4.10.1245
Roberts, 2008, Subcellular localization of transporters along the rat blood–brain barrier and blood–cerebral–spinal fluid barrier by in vivo biotinylation, Neuroscience, 155, 423, 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.06.015
Rosenberg, 2007, Vasogenic edema due to tight junction disruption by matrix metalloproteinases in cerebral ischemia, Neurosurg. Focus., 22, E4, 10.3171/foc.2007.22.5.5
Rubin, 1991, Differentiation of brain endothelial cells in cell culture, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 633, 420, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb15631.x
Sauer, 2005, An apolipoprotein E-derived peptide mediates uptake of sterically stabilized liposomes into brain capillary endothelial cells, Biochemistry, 44, 2021, 10.1021/bi048080x
Saunders, 1992, Development of the blood–brain barrier to macromolecules, 128
Saunders, 2000, Barriers in the immature brain, Cell Mol. Neurobiol., 20, 29, 10.1023/A:1006991809927
Scheingold, 2001, Multidrug resistance gene expression during the murine ontogeny, Mech. Ageing Dev., 122, 255, 10.1016/S0047-6374(00)00223-2
Scholz, 2007, Neutrophils and the blood–brain barrier dysfunction after trauma, Med. Res. Rev., 27, 401, 10.1002/med.20064
Schwaninger, 1999, Bradykinin induces interleukin-6 expression in astrocytes through activation of nuclear factor-KB, J. Neurochem., 73, 1461, 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.0731461.x
Schwartz, 2006, Microglial phenotype: is the commitment reversible?, Trends Neurosci, 29, 68, 10.1016/j.tins.2005.12.005
Shimizu, 2008, Peripheral nerve pericytes originating from the blood–nerve barrier expresses tight junctional molecules and transporters as barrier-forming cells, J. Cell Physiol., 217, 388, 10.1002/jcp.21508
Somjen, 2004
Stern, 2002, Receptor for advanced glycation endproducts: a multiligand receptor magnifying cell stress in diverse pathologic settings, Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 54, 1615, 10.1016/S0169-409X(02)00160-6
Stewart, 2000, Endothelial vesicles in the blood–brain barrier: are they related to permeability?, Cell. Mol. Neurobiol., 20, 149, 10.1023/A:1007026504843
Tai, 2009, P-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein restrict apical-to-basolateral permeability of human brain endothelium to amyloid-β, J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab., 29, 1079, 10.1038/jcbfm.2009.42
Talukder, 2003, Receptor-mediated transport of lactoferrin into the cerebrospinal fluid via plasma in young calves, J. Vet. Med. Sci., 65, 957, 10.1292/jvms.65.957
Tauc, 1984, Evidence for the effectiveness of the blood–CSF barrier in the fetal rat choroid plexus. A freeze-fracture and peroxidase diffusion study, Tissue Cell, 16, 65, 10.1016/0040-8166(84)90019-3
Tomás-Camardiel, 2005, Blood–brain barrier disruption highly induces aquaporin-4 mRNA and protein in perivascular and parenchymal astrocytes: protective effect by estradiol treatment in ovariectomized animals, J. Neurosci. Res., 80, 235, 10.1002/jnr.20443
Tran, 1999, Transforming growth factor-β mediates astrocyte-specific regulation of brain endothelial anticoagulant factors, Stroke, 30, 1671, 10.1161/01.STR.30.8.1671
Vakili, 2005, Role of arginine vasopressin V(1) and V(2) receptors for brain damage after transient focal cerebral ischemia, J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab., 25, 1012, 10.1038/sj.jcbfm.9600097
Veldhuis, 2003, Interferon-beta prevents cytokine-induced neutrophil infiltration and attenuates blood–brain barrier disruption, J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab., 23, 1060, 10.1097/01.WCB.0000080701.47016.24
Virgintino, 2004, Immunolocalisation of tight junction proteins in the adult and developing human brain, Histochem. Cell Biol., 122, 51, 10.1007/s00418-004-0665-1
Visser, 2004, Characterisation of the transferrin receptor on brain capillary endothelial cells, Pharm. Res., 21, 761, 10.1023/B:PHAM.0000026425.69874.8e
Volkov, 1997, Two mechanisms of permeation of small neutral molecules and hydrated ions across phospholipid bilayers, Bioelectrochem. Bioenergetics, 42, 153, 10.1016/S0302-4598(96)05097-0
Waterhouse, 2003, Determination of lipophilicity and its use as a predictor of blood–brain barrier penetration of molecular imaging agents, Molec. Imag. Biol., 5, 376, 10.1016/j.mibio.2003.09.014
Warth, 2004, Redistribution of aquaporin-4 in human glioblastoma correlates with loss of agrin immunoreactivity from brain capillary basal laminae, Acta Neuropath., 107, 311, 10.1007/s00401-003-0812-0
Willis, 2008, Chronic inflammatory pain and the neurovascular unit: a central role for glia in maintaining BBB integrity?, Curr. Pharm. Des., 14, 1625, 10.2174/138161208784705414
Wolburg, 2006, The endothelial frontier, 77
Wolburg, 2002, Tight junctions of the blood–brain barrier: development, composition and regulation, Vascul. Pharmacol., 38, 323, 10.1016/S1537-1891(02)00200-8
Wolburg, 2009, Brain endothelial cells and the glio–vascular complex, Cell Tissue Res., 335, 75, 10.1007/s00441-008-0658-9
Wolburg, 2005, Diapedesis of mononuclear cells across cerebral venules during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis leaves the tight junctions intact, Acta Neuropathol., 109, 181, 10.1007/s00401-004-0928-x
Wolburg, 2003, Localization of claudin-3 in tight junctions of the blood–brain barrier is selectively lost during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and human glioblastoma multiforme, Acta Neuropath., 105, 586, 10.1007/s00401-003-0688-z
Zhang, 2002, Structural biology and function of solute transporters: implications for identifying and designing substrates, Drug Metab. Rev., 34, 709, 10.1081/DMR-120015692
Zlokovic, 2008, The blood–brain barrier in health and chronic neurodegenerative disorders, Neuron, 57, 178, 10.1016/j.neuron.2008.01.003
Zlokovic, 1990, A saturable mechanism for transport of immunoglobulin G across the blood–brain barrier of the guinea pig, Exp. Neurol., 107, 263, 10.1016/0014-4886(90)90144-H