Sự đa dạng cấu trúc và chức năng của các protease serine ở côn trùng bộ cánh vảy
Tóm tắt
Tiêu hóa protein chính trong ấu trùng côn trùng bộ cánh vảy phụ thuộc vào các protease serine như trypsin và chymotrypsin. Những nỗ lực nhằm phân loại và đặc trưng hóa các protease tiêu hóa đã làm lộ rõ sự đa dạng đáng kể trong tính đặc hiệu và các lớp cơ chế của các protease trong ruột. Mặc dù tầm quan trọng về mặt tiến hóa của các đột biến dẫn đến sự đa dạng cấu trúc ở protease serine đã được mô tả rõ ràng, việc làm rõ sự đa dạng chức năng do đó vẫn luôn là một thách thức đối với các nhà nghiên cứu. Sự đa dạng chức năng có thể liên quan đến sự thích nghi của côn trùng với các cây chủ khác nhau cũng như sự tiếp xúc của côn trùng với các phân tử đối kháng tự nhiên như các chất ức chế protease (PIs) và lectins từ thực vật. Các nghiên cứu hiện tại đang tập trung vào việc giải mã những thay đổi trong tính đặc hiệu và hoạt động của các protease do sự thay đổi các axit amin tại vị trí hoạt động, các vùng xác định đặc hiệu và các vùng khác, điều này ảnh hưởng đến hoạt động. Một số hiểu biết đã được thu thập thông qua mô hình hóa in silico và các thí nghiệm mô phỏng, được hỗ trợ bởi sự hạn chế trong việc cung cấp các protease đã được đặc trưng. Chúng tôi xem xét các protease serine ở côn trùng bộ cánh vảy với sự đa dạng về cấu trúc và chức năng, và đánh giá ảnh hưởng của chúng đến quá trình tiêu hóa của ấu trùng cũng như đến sinh lý tổng quát của côn trùng.
Từ khóa
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