Strong Influence of Variable Treatment on the Performance of Numerically Defined Ecological Regions

Ton H. Snelder1, Anthony Lehmann2,3, Nicolas Lamouroux4, John R. Leathwick5, Karin Allenbach
1Biologie des Ecosystèmes Aquatiques, CEMAGREF, Lyon, France
2UNEP/DEWA/GRID-Europe, Geneva, Switzerland
3University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
4CEMAGREF
5National Institute of Water and Atmosphere, Hamilton, New Zealand

Tóm tắt

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Andréfouët S, Claereboudt M (2000) Objective class definitions using correlation of similarities between remotely sensed and environmental data. International Journal of Remote Sensing 21:1925

Bailey RG (1996) Ecosystem geography. Springer-Verlag, New York, NY, p 216

Bailey RG (2004) Identifying ecoregion boundaries. Environmental Management 34:S14–S26

Belbin L (1993) Environmental representativeness: regional partitioning and reserve selection. Biological Conservation 66:223–230

Bunce RGH, Barr CJ, Gillespie MK, Howard DC (1996) The ITE land classification: providing an environmental stratification of Great Britain. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 39:39–46

Burrough PA, McDonell RA (1998) Principles of geographical information systems. Oxford University Press, New York, p 190

Cumming G, Fidler F, Vaux DL (2007) Error bars in experimental biology. Journal of Cell Biology 177:7–11

De’ath G (1999) Extended dissimilarity: a method of robust estimation of ecological distances from high beta diversity data. Plant Ecology 144:191–199

De’ath G, Fabricius KE (2002) Classification and regression trees: a powerful yet simple technique for ecological data analysis. Ecology 81:3178–3192

Ferrier S, Guisan A (2006) Spatial modeling of biodiversity at the community level. Journal of Applied Ecology 43:393–404

Ferrier S, Manion G, Elith J, Richardson K (2007) Using generalized dissimilarity modeling to analyze and predict patterns of beta diversity in regional biodiversity assessment. Diversity and Distributions 13:252–264

Guisan A, Zimmermann NE (2000) Predictive habitat distribution models in ecology. Ecological Modeling 135:147–186

Hargrove WW, Hoffman FM (2004) The potential of multivariate quantitative methods for delineation and visualization of ecoregions. Environmental Management 34:S39–S60

Hastie T, Tibshirani R, Friedman JH (2001) The elements of statistical learning: data mining, inference, and prediction. Springer-Verlag, New York

Johnson RA, Wichern DW (1998) Applied multivariate statistical analysis, 5th edn. Prentice Hall, New Jersey, p 800

Kaufman L, Rousseeuw PJ (1990) Finding groups in data. An introduction to cluster analysis. Wiley and sons, Inc, New-York, p 342

Klijn F, Udo de Haes HA (1994) A hierarchical approach to ecosystems and its implications for ecological land classification. Landscape Ecology 9:89–104

Leathwick JR, Overton JM, McLeod M (2003) An environmental domain analysis of New Zealand, and its application to biodiversity conservation. Conservation Biology 17:1612–1623

Legendre P, Lapointe F-J, Casgrain P (1994) Modeling brain evolution from behavior: a permutational regression approach. Evolution 48:1487–1499

Legendre P, Legendre L (1998) Numerical ecology, 2nd edn. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, p 853

Levin SA (1992) The problem of pattern and scale in ecology. Ecology 73:1993–1993

Lichstein JW (2007) Multiple regression on distance matrices: a multivariate spatial analysis tool. Plant Ecology 188:117–131

Loveland TR, Merchant JM (2004) Ecoregions and ecoregionalization: geographical and ecological perspectives. Environmental Management 34:1–13

Mackey BG, Berry SL, Brown T (2008) Reconciling approaches to biogeographical regionalization: a systematic and generic framework examined with a case study of the Australian continent. Journal of Biogeography 35:213–229

Mackey BG, Nix HA, Hutchinson MF, McMahon JP, Fleming PM (1988) Assessing representativeness of places for conservation reservation and heritage listing. Environmental Management 12:501–514

McMahon G, Gregonis SM, Waltman SW, Omernik JM, Thorson TD, Freeouf JA, Rorick AH, Keys JE (2001) Developing a spatial framework of common ecological regions for the conterminous united states. Environmental Management 28:293–316

Metzger MJ, Bunce RGH, Jongman RHG, Mücher CA, Watkins JW (2005) A climatic stratification of the environment of Europe. Global Ecology and Biogeography 14:549–563

Mielke PWJ (1979) On the asymptotic nonnormality of null distributions of mrpp statistics. Communications in Statistical Theory and Methods 8:1541–1550

Omernik JM (1987) Ecoregions of the conterminous united states. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 77:118–125

Omernik JM (2004) Perspectives on the nature and definition of ecological regions. Environmental Management 34:S1–S13

Omi PN, Wensil LC, Murphy JL (1979) An application of multivariate statistics to land-use planning: classifying land units into homogeneous zones. Forest Science 25:399–414

O’Neill RV, DeAngelis DL, Waide JB, Allen TFH (1986) A hierarchical concept of ecosystems. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, p 249

R Development Core Team (2004) R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria

Sheail J, Bunce RGH (2003) The development and scientific principles of an environmental classification for strategic ecological survey in the United Kingdom. Environmental Conservation 30:147–159

Snelder T, Leathwick JR, Dey K (2007) A procedure for making optimal selection of input variables for multivariate environmental classifications. Conservation Biology 21:365–375

Snelder TH, Leathwick JR, Dey KL, Rowden AA, Weatherhead MA, Fenwick GD, Francis MP, Gorman RM, Grieve JM, Hadfield MG, Hewitt JE, Richardson KM, Uddstrom MJ, Zeldis JR (2006) Development of an ecologic marine classification in the New Zealand region. Environmental Management 39:12–29

Snelder TH, Pella H, Wasson J, Lamouroux N (2008) Definition procedures have little effect on performance of environmental classifications of streams and rivers. Environmental Management 42:771–788

Trakhtenbrot A, Kadmon R (2005) Environmental cluster analysis as a tool for selecting complementary networks of conservation sites. Ecological Applications 15:335–345

Tran LT, Knight CG, O’Neill RV, Smith ER (2002) Self-organizing maps for integrated environmental assessment of the mid-Atlantic region. Environmental Management 31:882–882

Van Sickle J (1997) Using mean similarity dendrograms to evaluate classifications. Journal of Agricultural, Biological and Environmental Statistics 2:370–388

Webb JA, Bond NR, Wealands SR, MacNally R, Quinn GP, Vesk PA, Grace MR (2007) Bayesian clustering with AUTOCLASS explicitly recognizes uncertainties in landscape classification. Ecography 30:526–536

Wiken EB, Ironside G (1977) The development of ecological (biophysical) land classification in Canada. Landscape Planning 4:273–282

Zar JH (1999) Biostatistical analysis, 3rd edn. Prentice-Hall, New Jersey, p 718

Zhou Y, Narumalani S, Waltman WJ, Waltman SW, Palecki MA (2003) A GIS-based spatial pattern analysis model for ecoregion mapping and characterization. International Journal of Geographic Information Science, 17

Zimmermann NE, Kienast F (1999) Predictive mapping of alpine grasslands in Switzerland: species versus community approach. Journal of Vegetation Science 10:469–482