Stretching Urban Renaissance: Privatizing Space, Civilizing Place, Summoning ‘Community’

International Journal of Urban and Regional Research - Tập 36 Số 1 - Trang 1-28 - 2012
Gordon MacLeod1, Craig Johnstone2
1Department of Geography, University of Durham, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
2School of Applied Social Science, University of Brighton, Brighton, BN1 9PH, UK.

Tóm tắt

AbstractIn common with many countries in recent years, visions of an urban renaissance have been instrumental in guiding a transformation of England's cities, enabling a boom in economic development and ‘urban living’. However, while critics voice concerns about the renascent downtowns being increasingly privatized and inscribed through displacement‐inducing gentrification, a seemingly inexorable rise in inequality also prompts misgivings about the social and geographical reach of any purported renaissance. Appreciative of this, the New Labour government introduced as part of its sustainable communities plan an initiative called Housing Market Renewal, designed to reconnect distressed areas of ‘low demand’ to the vibrant city centres. However, the extent to which this endeavour to stretch the frontier of England's urban renaissance is premised upon a fundamentalist faith in private property inclines us to delineate it as an archetypical case of late‐neoliberalizing accumulation by dispossession that licenses state‐orchestrated gentrification. We go on to consider how the landscape conversions precipitated by the renaissance vision have been convened alongside an unprecedented expansion of policies for crime control, designed to instil a particular version of ‘civility’ within the urban and suburban vernacular. The article thereby reveals how politically orchestrated endeavours to induce an urban renaissance appear to be increasingly intertwined with gentrification and a punitive urbanism, and how this chimes with experiences across many parts of the urban world.RésuméComme dans de nombreux pays dernièrement, les visions de renaissance urbaine ont eu une influence déterminante sur la transformation des villes anglaises, permettant un essor de l'économie et du ‘mode de vie urbain’. Pourtant, d'après certaines critiques, les centres‐villes renaissants se privatisent, s'accompagnant d'une gentrification au prix du déplacement de populations. Dans le même temps, une montée apparemment inexorable des inégalités met en doute l'influence sociale et géographique de toute soi‐disant renaissance. Conscient du problème, le gouvernement New Labour a intégré dans son plan de développement durable une initiative de rénovation du marché du logement pour recréer un lien entre les zones sinistrées à‘faible demande’ et les centres‐villes dynamiques. Cependant, cette entreprise d'expansion de la renaissance urbaine anglaise, fondée sur une foi intransigeante en la propriété privée, pousse à y voir un archétype d'accumulation post‐néolibérale via une dépossession et autorisant une gentrification coordonnée par l'État. Les transformations de paysage brusquées par cette vision de renaissance ont été combinées à un déploiement sans précédent de politiques de contrôle de la criminalité, afin d'inculquer une version de la ‘civilité’ propre au cadre urbain et suburbain. L'article montre ainsi que les efforts orchestrés sur le plan politique pour susciter une renaissance urbaine semblent devenir indissociables d'une gentrification et d'un urbanisme pénalisant, ce qui fait écho à d'autres expériences dans bien des parties du monde urbain.

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