Stress, smoking motives, and psychological well-being: The illusory benefits of smoking

Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy - Tập 3 - Trang 125-150 - 1981
Paul T Costa1,2, Robert R McCrae1,2
1Gerontology Research Center (Baltimore), National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, PHS, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A.
2Gerontology Research Center (Baltimore), National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, PHS, Baltimore City Hospitals, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, U.S.A.

Tài liệu tham khảo

Andrews, 1976 Beck, 1974, The measurement of pessimisism: The Hopelessness Scale, J. Cons. Clin. Psychol., 42, 861, 10.1037/h0037562 Bell, 1972, The Normative Aging Study: An interdisciplinary and longitudinal study of health and aging, Aging Hum. Dev., 3, 5, 10.2190/GGVP-XLB5-PC3N-EF0G Bradburn, 1969 Brickman, 1971, Hedonic relativism and planning the good society Buss, 1975 Campbell, 1976 Cattell, 1970 Coan, 1972, Measurable components of openness to experience, J. Cons. Clin. Psychol., 39, 346, 10.1037/h0033385 Coan, 1973, Personality variables associated with cigarette smoking, J. Pers. Soc. Psychol., 26, 86, 10.1037/h0034213 Costa, 1976, Age differences in personality structure: A cluster analytic approach, J. Gerontol., 31, 564, 10.1093/geronj/31.5.564 Costa, 1977, Age differences in personality structure revisited: Studies in validity, stability, and change, Aging Hum. Dev., 8, 261, 10.2190/AWYD-QT2L-WVNM-4F98 Costa, 1978, Objective personality assessment Costa, 1980, Smoking motive factors: A review and replication, Int. J. Addict., 15, 537, 10.3109/10826088009040036 Costa, 1981, Personal adjustment to aging: Longitudinal prediction from neuroticism and extraversion, J. Gerontol., 36, 78, 10.1093/geronj/36.1.78 Crowne, 1964 Eysenck, 1963, Smoking, personality, and psychosomatic disorders, J. Psychosom. Res., 7, 107, 10.1016/0022-3999(63)90023-0 Eysenck, 1964 Floderus, 1974, Psychosocial factors in relation to coronary heart disease and associated risk factors, Nord. Hyg. Tidskr. Folkman, 1980, An analysis of coping in a middle-aged community sample, J. Health Soc. Behav., 21, 219, 10.2307/2136617 Fuller, 1973, Behavioral aspects of cigarette smoking in relation to arousal level, Psychol. Rep., 33, 115, 10.2466/pr0.1973.33.1.115 Gould, 1972, The phases of adult life: A study in developmental psychology, Am. J. Psychiatry, 29, 521, 10.1176/ajp.129.5.521 Gould, 1978 Heimstra, 1967, Effects of smoking on sustained performance on a stimulated driving task, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 293 Holmes, 1974, Life change and illness susceptibility Holmes, 1967, The social readjustment rating scale, J. Psychosom., Res., 11, 213, 10.1016/0022-3999(67)90010-4 Horn, 1966, Some dimensions of a model for smoking behavior change, 56, 21 Ikard, 1969, A scale to differentiate between types of smoking as related to the management of affect, Int. J. Addict., 4, 649, 10.3109/10826086909062040 Knutson, 1952, Personal security as related to station in life, Psychol. Monogr., 66, 10.1037/h0093605 Lawton, 1956, The relationship between excessive cigarette smoking and psychological tension, Am. J. Med. Sci., 232, 397, 10.1097/00000441-195610000-00004 Leventhal, 1976, Pleasure, addiction, and habbit: Factors in verbal report or factors in smoking behavior?, J. Abnorm. Psychol., 85, 478, 10.1037/0021-843X.85.5.478 Lindenthal, 1972, Smoking, psychological status, and stress, Soc. Sci. Med., 6, 583, 10.1016/0037-7856(72)90074-1 Loevinger, 1972 McCrae, 1980, Openness to experience and ego level in Loevinger's sentence completion test: Dispositional contributions to developmental models of personality, J. Pers. Soc. Psychol., 39, 1179, 10.1037/h0077727 McCrae, 1978, Anxiety, extraversion, and smoking, Br. J. Soc. Clin. Psychol., 17, 269, 10.1111/j.2044-8260.1978.tb00277.x McKennell, 1970, Smoking motivation factors, Br. J. Soc. Clin. Psychol., 9, 8, 10.1111/j.2044-8260.1970.tb00632.x McKennell, 1973, Is addictive smoking an independent trait?, Int. J. Addict., 8, 505, 10.3109/10826087309062050 McKennell, 1969, Self-images and smoking behavior among school boys, Br. J. Educ. Psychol., 39, 27, 10.1111/j.2044-8279.1969.tb02038.x McKennell, 1967, Adults' and adolescents' smoking habits and attitudes Nowlis, 1966, Final report on the development of a mood adjective checklist (MACL) Pearlin, 1978, The structure of coping, J. Health Soc. Behav., 19, 2, 10.2307/2136319 Russell, 1971, Cigarette dependence, I — Nature and classification, Br. Med. J., 2, 330, 10.1136/bmj.2.5757.330 Russell, 1971, Cigarette smoking: Natural history of a dependence disorder, Br. J. Med. Psychol., 44, 1, 10.1111/j.2044-8341.1971.tb02141.x Russell, 1974, The classification of smoking by factorial structure of motives, J. R. Sta. Soc., 137, 313, 10.2307/2344953 Schachter, 1978, Pharmacological and psychological determinants of smoking, Ann. Intern. Med., 88, 104, 10.7326/0003-4819-88-1-104 Schachter, 1977, Psychological and pharmacological explanations of smoking under stress, J. Exp. Psychol.: General, 106, 31, 10.1037/0096-3445.106.1.31 Schechter, 1954, Effect of acute deprivation of smoking on aggression and hostility, Psychopharmacologia, 35, 19, 10.1007/BF00421562 Schwartz, 1968 Sheehy, 1976 Smith, 1970, Personality and smoking: A review of the empirical literature Tomkins, 1968, A modified model of smoking behavior