Strength-Training Exercise in Dysphagia Rehabilitation: Principles, Procedures, and Directions for Future Research

Dysphagia - Tập 22 Số 3 - Trang 251-265 - 2007
Lori M. Burkhead1,2,3, Christine M. Sapienza1,3, John C. Rosenbek1,3
1Malcom Randall VA Medical Center
2Medical College of Georgia
3University of Florida

Tóm tắt

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Buchholz DW: Dysphagia associated with neurological disorders. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Belg 48(2):143–155, 1994

Buchholz DW: Oropharyngeal dysphagia due to iatrogenic neurological dysfunction. Dysphagia 10(4):248–254, 1995

Lugger K: Dysphagia in the elderly stroke patient. J Neurosci Nurs 26(2):78–84, 1994

Mann G, Hankey G, Cameron D: Swallowing disorders following acute stroke: prevalence and diagnostic accuracy. Cerebrovasc Dis 10(5):380–386, 2000

Sessions D, Zill R, Schwartz S: Deglutition after conservative surgery for cancer of the larynx and pharynx. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 87:779–796, 1979

Logemann J: Aspiration in head and neck surgical patients. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 94(4 Pt 1):373–376, 1985

Lazarus C, Logemann J, Pauloski B, Colangelo L, Kahrilas P, Mittal B, et al.: Swallowing disorders in head and neck cancer patients treated with radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy. Laryngoscope 106(9):1157–1166, 1996

Ward E, Bishop B, Frisby J, Stevens M: Swallowing outcomes following laryngectomy and pharyngolaryngectomy. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 128(2):181–186, 2002

Bonanno P: Swallowing dysfunction after tracheostomy. Ann Surg 74(1):29–33, 1971

Dettelbach M, Gross R, Malhmann J, Eibling D: Effect of the Passy-Muir valve on aspiration in patients with tracheostomy. Head Neck 17:297–302, 1995

Gross RD, Mahlmann J, Grayhack JP: Physiologic effects of open and closed tracheostomy tubes on the pharyngeal swallow. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 112(2):143–52, 2003

Ding R, Logemann J: Swallow physiology in patients with trach cuff inflated or deflated: A retrospective study. Head Neck 27(9):809–813, 2005

Martin B, Corlew M, Wood H, Olson D, Golopol L, Wingo M, et al.: The association of swallowing dysfunction and aspiration pneumonia. Dysphagia 9(1):1–6, 1994

Schmidt J, Holas M, Halvorson K, Reding M: Videofluoroscopic evidence of aspiration predicts pneumonia and death but not dehydration following stroke. Dysphagia 9(1):7–11, 1994

Odderson I, Keaton J, McKenna B: Swallow management in patients on an acute stroke pathway: quality is cost effective. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 76(12):1130–1133, 1995

Shariatzadeh M, Marrie T: Reasons for coming to hospital after treatment for community-acquired pneumonia on an ambulatory basis. Can Respir J 13(3):138–143, 2006

Baine W, Yu W, Summe J: Epidemiologic trends in the hospitalization of elderly Meidicare patients for pneumonia, 1991–1998. Am J Public Health 91:1121–1123, 2001

Robbins J, Langmore S, Hind J, Erlichman M: Dysphagia research in the 21st century and beyond: proceedings from dysphagia experts meeting, August 21, 2001. J Rehabil Res Dev 39(4):543–548, 2002

Bisch EM, Logemann JA, Rademaker AW, Kahrilas PJ, Lazarus CL: Pharyngeal effects of bolus volume, viscosity, and temperature in patients with dysphagia resulting from neurologic impairment and in normal subjects. J Speech Hear Res 37(5):1041–1059, 1994

Castell J, Castell D, Schultz A, Georgeson S: Effect of head position on the dynamics of the upper esophageal sphincter and pharynx. Dysphagia 8(1):1–6, 1993

Milidonis MK, Kraus SL, Segal RL, Widmer CG: Genioglossi muscle activity in response to changes in anterior/neutral head posture. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 103(1):33–44, 1993

Rasley A, Logemann JA, Kahrilas PJ, Rademaker AW, Pauloski BR, Dodds WJ: Prevention of barium aspiration during videofluoroscopic swallowing studies: value of change in posture. AJR Am J Roentgenol 160(5):1005–1009, 1993

Shanahan TK, Logemann JA, Rademaker AW, Pauloski BR, Kahrilas PJ: Chin-down posture effect on aspiration in dysphagic patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 74(7):736–739, 1993

Welch MV, Logemann JA, Rademaker AW, Kahrilas PJ: Changes in pharyngeal dimensions effected by chin tuck. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 74(2):178–181, 1993

Raut VV, McKee GJ, Johnston BT: Effect of bolus consistency on swallowing–does altering consistency help? Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 258(1):49–53, 2001

Reimers-Neils L, Logemann J, Larson C: Viscosity effects on EMG activity in normal swallow. Dysphagia 9(2):101–106, 1994

Logemann J: Evaluation and Treatment of Swallowing Disorders. Austin, TX: Pro-Ed, 1983

Kahrilas PJ, Logemann JA, Krugler C, Flanagan E: Volitional augmentation of upper esophageal sphincter opening during swallowing. Am J Physiol 260(3 Pt 1):G450–G456, 1991

Hind J, Nicosia M, Roecker E, Carnes M, Robbins J: Comparison of effortful and noneffortful swallows in healthy middle-aged and older adults. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 82:1661–1665, 2001

Lazarus C: Lingual strengthening and swallowing. Perspectives on swallowing and swallowing disorders. Newsletter for the Dysphagia Special Interest Division of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association 14(2):2–6, 2005

Lazarus C: Effects of two types of tongue strengthening exercises in young normals. Folia Phoniatr Logop 55(4):199–205, 2003

Robbins J, Gagnon R, Theis S, Kays S, Hewitt A, Hind J: The effects of lingual exercise on swallowing in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 53:1483–1489, 2005

Rosenbek J, Roecker E, Wood J, Robbins J: Thermal application reduces the duration of state transition after stroke. Dysphagia 11:225–233, 1996

Rosenbek J, Robbins J, Williford W, Dirk G, Schiltz A, Sowell T, et al.: Comparing treatment intensities of tactile-thermal application. Dysphagia 11:1–9, 1998

Hamdy S, Jilani S, Price V, Parker C, Hall N, Power M: Modulation of human swallowing following behaviour by thermal and chemical stimulation in health and after brain injury. Neurogastroenterol Motil 15(1):69–77, 2003

Kaatzke-McDonald M, Post E, Davis P: The effects of cold, touch and chemical stimulation of the anterior faucial pillar on human swallowing. Dysphagia 11(3):198–206, 1996

Crary M: A direct intervention program for chronic neurogenic dysphagia secondary to brainstem stroke. Dysphagia 10(1):6–18, 1995

Huckabee ML, Cannito MP: Outcomes of swallowing rehabilitation in chronic brainstem dysphagia: A retrospective evaluation. Dysphagia 14(2):93–109, 1999

Reddy NP, Simcox DL, Gupta V, Motta GE, Coppenger J, Das A, et al.: Biofeedback therapy using accelerometry for treating dysphagic patients with poor laryngeal elevation: case studies. J Rehabil Res Dev 37(3):361–372, 2000

Clark H: Neuromuscular Treatments for Speech and Swallowing: a tutorial. Am J Speech Lang Pathol 12(4):400–415, 2003

Clark H: Therapeutic exercise in dysphagia management: philosophies, practices, and challenges. Perspectives on swallowing and swallowing disorders. Newsletter for the Dysphagia Special Interest Division of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association 14(2):24–27, 2005

Logemann J: The role of exercise programs for dysphagia patients. Dysphagia 20(2):139–140, 2005

Deschenes M, Kraemer W: Performance and physiologic adaptations to resistance training. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 81(Suppl):S3–S16, 2002

Shepherd R: Exercise and training to optimize functional motor performance in stroke: driving neural reorganization? Neural Plast 8(1–2):121–129, 2001

Kleim J: Proceedings of the Workshop in Plasticity/Neurorehabilitation Research—Innovation & Evolution in Speech, Language and Swallowing. Gainesville, Florida, 2005

Lieber RL: Skeletal Muscle Structure, Function & Plasticity, 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2002, pp 51–66

Huxley A, Niedergerke R: Structural changes in muscle during contraction: interference microscopy of living muscle fibers. Nature 173:971–973, 1954

Huxley H, Hanson J: Changes in cross-striations of muscle during contractions and stretch, and their structural interpretation. Nature 173:973–976, 1954

Kent R: The uniqueness of speech among motor systems. Clin Linguist Phon 18(6–8):495–505, 2004

Vincent H, Shanely R, Stewart D, Demirel H, Hamilton K, Ray A, et al.: Adaptation of upper airway muscles to chronic endurance exercise. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 166:287–293, 2002

Thompson D, Throckton G, Buschang P: The effects of isometric exercise of maximum voluntary bite forces and jaw muscle strength and endurance. J Oral Rehabil 28(10):909–917, 2001

McGuire M, MacDermott M, Bradford A: The effects of chronic episodic hypercapnic hypoxia on rat upper airway muscle contractile properties and fiber-type distribution. Chest 122:1400–1406, 2002

Powers SK, Howley ET: Exercise Physiology, 4th ed.New York, McGraw-Hill, 2001

Moritani T: Neuromuscular adaptations during the acquisition of muscle strength, power and motor tasks. J Biomech 26(Suppl 1):95–107, 1993

Moritani T, deVries HA: Neural factors versus hypertrophy in the time course of muscle strength gain. Am J Phys Med 58(3):115–130, 1979

Kleim J, Hogg T, VandenBerg P, Cooper N, Bruneau R, Remple M: Cortical synaptogenesis and motor map reorganization occur during late, but not early, phase of motor skill learning. J Neurosci 24(3):628–633, 2004

Hamdy S, Rothwell J, Aziz Q, Thompson D: Organization and reorganization of human swallowing motor cortex: implications for recovery after stroke. Clin Sci 98:151–157, 2000

Boroojerdi B, Ziemann U, Chen R, Butefisch C, Cohen L: Mechanisms underlying human motor system plasticity. Muscle Nerve 24:602–613, 2001

Mujika I, Padilla S: Muscular characteristics of detraining in humans. Med Sci Sports Exerc 33(8):1297–1303, 2001

Bloomfield S: Changes in musculoskeletal structure and function with prolonged bed rest. Med Sci Sports Exerc 29(2):197–206, 1997

Urso M, Clarkson M, Price T: Immobilization effects in young and older adults. Eur J Appl Physiol 96:564–571, 2006

Murray J, Langmore S, Ginsberg S, Dotsie A: The significance of accumulated oropharyngeal secretions and swallowing frequency in aspiration. Dysphagia 11(2):99–103, 1996

Hakkinen K, Kallinen M, Izquierdo M, Jokelainen K, Lassila H, Malkia E, et al.: Changes in agonist-antagonist EMG, muscle CSA, and force during strength training in middle-aged and older people. J Appl Physiol 84(4):1341–1349, 1998

Essen-Gustavsson B, Borges O: Histochemical and metabolic characteristics of human skeletal muscle in rlation to age. Acta Physiol Scand 126:107–114, 1986

Lexell J, Taylor C, Sjostrom M: What is the cause of the ageing atrophy. J Neurol Sci 84:275–294, 1988

Roos M, Rice C, Vandervoort A: Age-related changes in motor unit function. Muscle Nerve 20:679–690, 1997

Brown W, Strong M, Snow R: Methods for estimating numbers of motor units in biceps-brachialis muscles and losses of motor units with aging. Muscle Nerve 11:423–432, 1988

Iannuzzi-Sucich M, Prestwood K, Kenny A: Prevalence of sarcopenia and predictors of skeletal muscle mass in healthy, older men and women. J Gerontol 57A:M772–M777, 2002

Stalberg E, Fawcett P: Macro EMG in healthy subjects of different ages. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 45:870–878, 1982

McComas A: Motor unit estimation: anxieties and achievements. Muscle Nerve 18:369–379, 1995

Melton L, Khosla S, Crowson C, O’Connor M, O’Fallon W, Riggs B: Epidemiology of sarcopenia. J Am Geriatr Soc 48:625–630, 2000

Malkia E, Impivaara M, Heliovaara, Maatela J: The physical activity of healthy and chronically ill adults in Finland at work, at leisure and during commuting. J Scand Med Sci Sports 4:82–87, 1994

Goodpaster B, Carlson C, Visser M, Kelley D, Scherzinger A: Attenuation of skeletal muscle and strength in the elderly: the health ABC study. J Appl Physiol 90:625–633, 2001

Fiatarone M, O’Neill E, Ryan N, Clements K, Solares G, Nelson M, et al.: Exercise training and nutritional supplementation for physical fraility in very elderly people. N Engl J Med 330:1769–1775, 1994

Brown A, McCartney N, Sale D: Positive adaptations to weight-lifting in the elderly. J Appl Physiol 69(5):1725–1733, 1990

Moritani T, DeVries H: Potential for gross muscle hypertrophy in older men. J Gerontol 35:672–682, 1980

Hakkinen K, Alen M, Kallinen M, Newton U, Kraemer R: Neuromuscular adaptation during prolonged strength training, detraining and re-strength-training in middle-aged and elderly people. Eur J Appl Physiol 83:51–62, 2000

Toraman N: Short term and long term detraining: is there any difference between young-old and old people? Br J Sports Med 39(8):561–564, 2005

Lemmer J, Hurlbut D, Martel G, Tracy B, Ivey F, Metter E, et al.: Age and gender responses to strength training and detraining. Med Sci Sports Exerc 32(8):1505–1512, 2000

Trappe S, Williamson D, Godard M: Maintenance of whole muscle strength and size following resistance training in older men. J Gerontol 57A(4):B138–B143, 2002

Pollock M, Gaesser G, Butcher J, Despres J, Dishman R, Franklin B, et al.: ACSM position stand: the recommended quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness, and flexibility in healthy adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 30(6):975–999, 1998

Buchner D, deLateur B: The importance of skeletal muscle strength to physical function in older adults. Ann Behav Med 13(3):91–98, 1991

Kraemer W, Newton R: Training for muscular power. Phys Med Rehabil Clin North Am 11(2):341–369, 2000

DeLorme T: Techniques of progressive resistance exercise. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 29:263–273, 1948

DeLorme T: Progressive resistance exercise. East Norwalk, CT: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1951

deLateur B, Lehmann J, Fordyce W: A test of the DeLorme axiom. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 49:245–248, 1968

Rhea M, Alvar B, Burkett L, Ball S: A meta-analysis to determine the dose response for strength development. Med Sci Sports Exerc 35(3):456–464, 2003

Micheli L: Injuries and prolonged exercise. In: Lamb D, Murray R (eds): Prolonged Exercise. Indianapolis: Benchmark Press, 1988

Sapienza C: Role of respiratory muscle strength training in treatment of dysphagia. Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual Dysphagia Research Society Meeting. Montreal, Quebec, Canada, 2004

Silverman E, Sapienza C, Saleem A, Carmichael C, Davenport P, Hoffman-Ruddy B, et al.: Tutorial on maximum inspiratory and expiratory mouth pressures in individuals with idiopathic Parkinson disease (IPD) and the preliminary results of an expiratory muscle strength training program. Neurorehabilitation 21(1):71–79, 2006

Lazarus C, Logemann J, Huang C, Rademaker A: Effects of two types of tongue strengthening exercises in young normals. Folia Phoniatr Logop 55:199–205, 2003

Robbins JA: Tongue strengthening: dysphagia intervention and prevention. Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual Dysphagia Research Society Meeting. Montreal, Quebec, Canada. 2004

Rosenbek JC, Robbins JA, Roecker EB, Coyle JL, Wood JL: A penetration-aspiration scale. Dysphagia 11(2):93–98, 1996

Kim J, Sapienza C: Implications of expiratory muscle strength training for rehabilitation of the elderly: Tutorial. J Rehabil Res Dev 42(2):211–224, 2005

Chiara T, Martin A, Davenport P, Bolser D: Expiratory Muscle Strength Training in persons with multiple sclerosis having mild to moderate disability: effect on maximal expiratory pressure, pulmonary function, and maximal voluntary cough. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 87(4):468–473, 2006

Lazarus C, Logemann J, Song C, Rademaker A, Kahrilas P: Effects of voluntary maneuvers on tongue base function for swallowing. Folia Phoniatr Logop 54(4):171–176, 2002

Huckabee M-L, Steele CM: An analysis of lingual contribution to submental surface electromyographic measures and pharyngeal pressure during effortful swallow. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 87:1067–1072, 2006

Miller J, Watkin K: The influence of bolus volume and viscosity on anterior lingual force during the oral stage of swallowing. Dysphagia 11:117–124, 1996

Pouderoux P, Kahrilas P: Deglutitive tongue force modulation by volition, volume, and viscosity in humans. Gastroenterology 108:1418–1426, 1995

Ding R, Larson C, Logemann J, Rademaker A: Surface electromyographic and electroglottographic studies in normal subjects under two swallow conditions: normal and during the Mendelsohn maneuver. Dysphagia 17:1–12, 2002

Fujiu M, Logemann J: Effect of a tongue-holding maneuver on posterior pharyngeal wall movement during deglutition. Am J Speech Lang Pathol 5:23–30, 1996

Shaker R, Easterling C, Kern M, Nitschke T, Massey B, Daniels S, et al.: Rehabilitation of swallowing by exercise in tube-fed patients with pharyngeal dysphagia secondary to abnormal UES opening. Gastroenterology 122(5):1314–1321, 2002

Easterling C, Grande B, Kern M, Sears K, Shaker R: Attaining and maintaining isometric and isokinetic goals of the Shaker exercise. Dysphagia 20:133–138, 2005

Magel J, Foglia G, McArdle W, Gutin B, Pechar G, Katch F: Specificity of swim training on maximum oxygen uptake. J Appl Physiol 38:151–155, 1975

Buchner D, Larson E, Wagner E, Koepsell T, deLateur B: Evidence for a non-linear relationship between leg strength and gait speed. Age Ageing 25:386–391, 1996

Etty Griffin L: Neuromuscular training and injury prevention in sports. Clin Orthop Related Res 409:53–60, 2003

Rutherford O, Greig C, Sargeant A, Jones D: Strength training and power output: transference effects in the human quadriceps muscle. J Sports Sci 4(2):101–107, 1986

Tanaka H, Swensen T: Impact of resistance training on endurance performance: a new form of cross-training? Sports Med 25(3):191–200, 1998

Risberg M, Mork M, Jenssen H, Holm I: Design and implementation of a neuromuscular training program following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 31(11):620–631, 2001

Chandler J, Hadley E: Exercise to improve physiologic and functional performance in old age. Clin Geriatr Med 12(4):761–784, 1996

Sharkawi A, Ramig L, Logemann J, Pauloski B, Rademaker A, Smith C, et al.: Swallowing and voice effects of Lee Silverman Voice Treatment (LSVT): a pilot study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 72:31–36, 2002

Will L, Ramig L: Perspectives on swallowing disorders and their treatment in Parkinson’s disease with emphasis on the Lee Silverman Voice Treatment. Perspectives on swallowing and swallowing disorders. Newsletter for the Dysphagia Special Interest Division of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association 14(2):11–17, 2005

Anderson L, Magnusson S, Nielsen M, Haleem J, Poulsen K, Aagarrd P: Neuromuscular activiation in conventional therapeutic exercises and heavy resistance exercises: implications for rehabilitation. Phys Ther 86(5):683–697, 2006

Luschei E: Development of objective standards of nonspeech oral strength and performance: an advocate’s views. In: Moore CA, Beukelman DR (eds): Dysarthria and Apraxia of Speech: perspectives on management. Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes Publishing, 1991, pp 3–14

Sale D: Postactivation potentiation: role in human performance. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 30(3):138–143, 2002

Hickson R, Kanakis C, Davis J, Moore A, Rich S: Strength training effects on aerobic power and short-term endurance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 12:336–339, 1980

Robey RR, Schultz MC: A model for conducting clinical-outcome research: an adaptation of the standard protocol for use in aphasiology. Aphasiology 12(9):787–810, 1998

Internal Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 2001

Keysor J, Jette A: Have we oversold the benefit of late-life exercise? J Gerontol 56A(7):M412–M423, 2001

Temple R: A regulatory authority’s opinion about surogate endpoints. In: Nimmo W, Tucker G (eds): Clinical measurement in drug evaluation. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1995, pp 3–22