Động lực dòng chảy dưới các điều kiện che phủ đất hiện tại và tương lai tại lưu vực Atsela, miền Bắc Ethiopia

Acta Geophysica - Tập 70 - Trang 305-318 - 2021
Haftu Gebretekle1, Amare Gebremedhin Nigusse2, Biadgilgn Demissie3
1Wukro Agricultural Polytechnic College, Wukro, Ethiopia
2Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
3Institute of Geo Information and Earth Observation Science (I-GEOS), Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia

Tóm tắt

Mục tiêu của nghiên cứu hiện tại là phát hiện sự thay đổi che phủ đất trong ba thập kỷ qua và ước lượng ảnh hưởng của nó đến động lực dòng chảy của dòng nước dưới các kịch bản hiện tại và tương lai. Hình ảnh vệ tinh Landsat đã được sử dụng để phân loại che phủ đất cho các năm đã chọn (1987, 2002 và 2017). Ảnh hưởng của sự thay đổi che phủ đất đến dòng chảy đã được đánh giá bằng mô hình SWAT và hiệu suất của nó đã được kiểm tra. Những phát hiện chỉ ra rằng có sự thay đổi che phủ đất đáng kể trong ba thập kỷ qua. Diện tích đất canh tác (17%) và đất trống (1%) năm 1987 đã tăng nhanh lên 43% và 17% vào năm 2017. Hơn nữa, có sự đồng thuận 70% giữa dòng chảy quan sát và mô phỏng trong cả hai giai đoạn hiệu chỉnh và xác nhận. Dòng chảy của lưu vực đang thay đổi đáng kể theo động lực che phủ đất. Đánh giá phản ứng thuỷ văn do sự thay đổi che phủ đất cho thấy dòng chảy trung bình hàng tháng giảm 12.7 m3/s (−38%) trong những tháng khô giữa năm 1987 và 2017. Tuy nhiên, nó cho thấy dòng chảy trung bình hàng tháng tăng 53.06 m3/s (23%) trong những tháng ướt. Tương tự, giữa năm 2017 và 2047, dòng chảy được ước tính sẽ tăng 42.84 m3/s (15%) trong những tháng ướt và giảm 13.52 m3/s (−66%) trong các tháng khô. Nhìn chung, có thể kết luận rằng sự thay đổi che phủ đất có ảnh hưởng đáng kể đến dòng chảy. Do đó, việc thiết lập các chính sách sử dụng đất và tài nguyên nước mạnh mẽ là một phương tiện thiết yếu cho việc đánh giá và giám sát tài nguyên nước tốt hơn trong khu vực nghiên cứu.

Từ khóa

#động lực dòng chảy #thay đổi che phủ đất #lưu vực Atsela #mô hình SWAT #tài nguyên nước

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