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Tài sản bị mắc kẹt và nguồn lực bị mắc kẹt: Ý nghĩa đối với việc giảm thiểu biến đổi khí hậu và phát triển bền vững toàn cầu
Tóm tắt
Mục tiêu 2 °C của Thỏa thuận Paris yêu cầu hơn 80% tổng dự trữ nhiên liệu hóa thạch đã được chứng minh phải trở thành nguồn lực bị mắc kẹt, và các khoản đầu tư vào những nguồn lực này có thể trở thành tài sản bị mắc kẹt cho các quốc gia công nghiệp hóa và đang phát triển. Tài liệu hiện có hầu như không đề cập đến những tác động của tài sản và nguồn lực bị mắc kẹt đối với ‘các nước muộn’ trong phát triển. Do đó, chúng tôi giải quyết câu hỏi: Một bài tổng quan tài liệu về các nguồn lực và tài sản bị mắc kẹt trong đa dạng các lĩnh vực sẽ có ý nghĩa gì đối với các nước muộn trong phát triển trong các lĩnh vực biến đổi khí hậu và phát triển bền vững toàn cầu? Chúng tôi tìm thấy bảy khía cạnh trong tài liệu: (i) Không gian: nơi mà các nước tiên phong sử dụng nguồn lực riêng và nguồn lực của các quốc gia khác cho sự phát triển của họ để lại ít không gian sử dụng môi trường cho các nước muộn phát triển; (ii) Công nghệ: khi các nước tiên phong 'xả' công nghệ cũ (tài sản bị mắc kẹt) xuống các nước muộn; (iii) Kinh tế: khi các nước tiên phong tránh việc bồi thường cho thiệt hại đã gây ra cho các nước muộn hoặc vì sự mắc kẹt của tài nguyên ở các quốc gia muộn; và các nước tiên phong cũng có thể gián tiếp chuyển nhượng cổ phần mà sắp trở nên vô giá trị của họ cho các nước muộn; (iv) Sinh thái: khi kiến thức từ các nước tiên phong có thể ngăn cản các nước muộn sử dụng nguồn lực của họ hoặc có thể tăng tốc độ mà tài nguyên và tài sản của họ trở thành nguồn lực bị mắc kẹt; (v) Chính trị: khi các nước tiên phong từ chối thực hiện hành động môi trường với lý do rằng các nước muộn không làm như vậy; trong khi các nước muộn có thể khẳng định rằng các nước tiên phong phải hành động trước; (vi) Pháp lý/Chính sách: khi các khoản đầu tư vào nguồn lực và tài sản trong một thế giới toàn cầu hóa liên quan đến các hợp đồng dài hạn được bảo vệ theo luật tư có thể gây ra chính sách bị đóng băng và trách nhiệm pháp lý cho các nước muộn; và (vii) Xã hội: khi các nước muộn chấp nhận những quan điểm khác nhau về phát triển so với các nước tiên phong. Các nước muộn cần phải nhạy bén trong việc quyết định nguồn lực nào sẽ được phát triển để tránh rơi vào tình trạng mắc kẹt về carbon và liệu việc tiếp tục đưa vào sử dụng năng lượng tái tạo có thể giúp tránh việc tạo ra tài sản bị mắc kẹt ngay từ đầu hay không.
Từ khóa
#Carbon leakage #First comer-latecomer #North-South #Stranded assets #Stranded resources #Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)Tài liệu tham khảo
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