Stimulation of Bone Healing with Interferential Therapy

Bassett, 1964, Effects of electrical currents on bone formation in vivo, Nature (London), 204, 652, 10.1038/204652a0 Bassett, 1974, Acceleration of fracture repair by electromagnetic fields, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 238, 243, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1974.tb26794.x Bassett, 1977, A non-operative salvage of surgically resistant pseudarthrosis and non-unions by pulsing electro-magnetic fields: A preliminary report, Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 124, 128 Bassett, 1981, Treatment of ununited tibial diaphyseal fractures with pulsating magnetic fields, The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 63A, 511, 10.2106/00004623-198163040-00001 Bassett, 1982, treatment of therapeutically resistant non-unions with bone grafts and pulsating electromagnetic fields, The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 64A, 1214, 10.2106/00004623-198264080-00011 Bassett, 1985, The development and application of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) for ununited fractures and arthrodeses, Clinical Plastic Surgery, 12, 259, 10.1016/S0094-1298(20)31696-5 Becker, 1967, A method of producing cellular dedifferentiation by means of very small electrical currents, Transactions-New York Academy of Sciences, 26, 606, 10.1111/j.2164-0947.1967.tb02430.x Bigliani, 1983, Use of pulsing electro-magnetic fields to achieve arthrodesis of the knee following failed total knee arthroplasty — A preliminary report, The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 65A, 480, 10.2106/00004623-198365040-00008 Botterell, 1935, Phosphatase in fractures, Lancet, 1267, 10.1016/S0140-6736(01)10167-4 Brighton, 1975, Direct current stimulation of non-union and congenital pseudarthrosis. Exploration of its clinical application, The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 57A, 368, 10.2106/00004623-197557030-00015 Brighton, 1977, Treatment of non-union with constant direct current, Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 124, 106 Brighton, 1980, Treatment of non-union of the tibia with constant direct current, The Journal of Trauma, 21, 189, 10.1097/00005373-198103000-00001 Brighton, 1985, Treatment of recalcitrant non-union with a capacitively coupled electrical field — A preliminary report, The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 67A, 577, 10.2106/00004623-198567040-00012 Burny, 1978 Connolly, 1981, Selection, evaluation and indications for electrical stimulation of ununited fractures, Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 161, 39, 10.1097/00003086-198111000-00007 De Domenico, 1982, Pain relief with interferential therapy, The Australian Journal of Physiotherapy, 28, 14, 10.1016/S0004-9514(14)60769-8 Dyson, 1973, Biological effects of therapeutic ultra sound, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 12, 209, 10.1093/rheumatology/12.4.209 Dyson, 1978, Stimulation of tissue repair by ultra sound: a survey of the mechanics involved, Physiotherapy, 64, 105 Ellis, 1958, The speed of healing after fracture of the tibial shaft, The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 40B, 42, 10.1302/0301-620X.40B1.42 Friedenberg, 1971, Healing of non-union of the medial malleolus by means of direct current: a case report, Journal of Trauma, 11, 883, 10.1097/00005373-197110000-00010 Ganne, 1976, Interferential Therapy, The Australian Journal of Physiotherapy, 22, 101, 10.1016/S0004-9514(14)61005-9 Ganne JM, (1980), An Examination of the effects of treatment by interference currents on the healing of tibial and mandibular fractures — A preliminary investigation, Unpublished thesis. Ganne, 1979, Interferential therapy to promote union of mandibular fractures, The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Surgery, 49, 8183, 10.1111/j.1445-2197.1979.tb06442.x Herbst, 1978, A review of different stimulation methods, 7 Kaindl, 1953, Behandling der peripheren Kreislaufstörungen, Wiener Zeitschrift für innere Medizin und ihre Grenzgebiete, 12, 465 Klapper, 1974, Mechanism of electrical stimulation of bone formation, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 238, 478, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1974.tb26819.x Laabs WA (1980), New technique to stimulate healing of fractures by means of dynamic interferential current (DIC), 8th International Congress of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Stockholm 25–29 August 441–442. Levy, 1974, A pulsed electrical stimulation technique for inducing bone growth, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 238, 478, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1974.tb26814.x Macnab, 1974, The role of periosteal blood supply in the healing of fractures of the tibia, Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 105, 27, 10.1097/00003086-197411000-00004 Nicoll, 1964, Fractures of the tibial shaft: A survey of 705 cases, The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 46B, 373, 10.1302/0301-620X.46B3.373 Nikolova, 1968, The modern electrotherapeutic methods in the therapy of endarteritis obliterans, Therapie der Gegenwart, 107, 190 Nikolova, 1969, Physiotherapeutic rehabilitation in the presence of fracture complications, Münchener Medizinische Wochenschrift, 111, 592 Nikolova, 1978, Influence of Interferential current on enzyme activity of traumatized nerve (Experimental study), Voprossi kurortologii, fisioterapii, i lechebnoi fisicheskoi kulturi, 6, 54 Nikolova L (1979), Treatment with Interferential Current, 2nd edition (Sofia) 23–33. Nikolova, 1984, D galactosamine-induced hepatitis: morphological and enzyme biochemical changes produced by interferential currents and low-frequency magnetic field, Physiotherapy, 70, 301 Nikolova, 1987 Norton, 1977, Epiphyseal cartilage CAMP changes produced by electrical and mechanical perturbations, Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 24, 59 Onnerfält, 1978, Fracture of the tibial shaft treated by primary operation and early weight bearing, Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica Paterson, 1980, Treatment of delayed union and non-union with an implanted direct current stimulator, Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 148, 117, 10.1097/00003086-198005000-00017 Rhinelander, 1974, Tibial blood supply in relation to fracture healing, Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 105, 34, 10.1097/00003086-197411000-00005 Rosenthal, 1977, Non-union in open tibial fractures, The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 59A, 244, 10.2106/00004623-197759020-00019 Rowe, 1969, Non-union of the mandible and maxilla, Journal of Oral Surgery, 11, 520 Schoeler, 1972, Physical Block of the Sympathetic chain, Technik in der Medizin Shim, 1966, Bone blood flow in the limb following complete sciatic nerve section, Surgery Gynecology and Obstetrics, 123, 333 Simmons, 1985, Treatment of failed posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) of the spine with pulsating electro-magnetic fields, Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 193, 127, 10.1097/00003086-198503000-00016 Tonna, 1961, Cellular response to fracture studied with tritiated thymidine, The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 43A, 352, 10.2106/00004623-196143030-00002 Torbjorn, 1984, Electrical treatment of non united fractures, Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica, 55, 585, 10.3109/17453678408992400 Treffene, 1983, Interferential fields in a fluid medium, The Australian Journal of Physiotherapy, 29, 209, 10.1016/S0004-9514(14)60672-3 Trueta, 1963, The role of the vessels in Osteogenesis, The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 45B, 407 Trueta, 1974, Blood supply and the rate of healing of tibial fractures, Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 105, 11, 10.1097/00003086-197411000-00003 Whiteside, 1978, The effects of extraperiosteal and sub-periosteal dissection, I on blood flow in muscle, II on fracture healing, The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 60A, 23, 10.2106/00004623-197860010-00003 Wolcott, 1969, Accelerated healing of skin ulcers by electrotherapy — Preliminary clinical results, Southern Medical Journal, 62, 795, 10.1097/00007611-196907000-00008 Wollast, 1975, Physico-chemical effect of an electrical potential on bone growth, 29 Wray, 1963, Periosteal vessel changes in the immediate post fracture period, Surgery Gynecology and Obstetrics, 117, 311 Yasuda, 1953, Dynamic callus and electric callus, The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 37A, 1292 Yasuda, 1974, Mechanical and electrical callus, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 238, 457, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1974.tb26812.x