Stem cell integrins: Implications for ex-vivo culture and cellular therapies

Stem Cell Research - Tập 6 Số 1 - Trang 1-12 - 2011
Andrew B.J. Prowse1, Fenny Chong1, Peter P. Gray1, Trent P. Munro1
1The University of Queensland, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, St. Lucia QLD 4072, Australia

Tóm tắt

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Amit, 2000, Clonally derived human embryonic stem cell lines maintain pluripotency and proliferative potential for prolonged periods of culture, Dev. Biol., 227, 271, 10.1006/dbio.2000.9912

Amit, 2004, Feeder layer- and serum-free culture of human embryonic stem cells, Biol. Reprod., 70, 837, 10.1095/biolreprod.103.021147

Anderson, 2004, Nanoliter-scale synthesis of arrayed biomaterials and application to human embryonic stem cells, Nat. Biotechnol., 22, 863, 10.1038/nbt981

Anton, 1999, Distinct functions of alpha3 and alpha(v) integrin receptors in neuronal migration and laminar organization of the cerebral cortex, Neuron, 22, 277, 10.1016/S0896-6273(00)81089-2

Armstrong, 2006, The role of PI3K/AKT, MAPK/ERK and NFkappabeta signalling in the maintenance of human embryonic stem cell pluripotency and viability highlighted by transcriptional profiling and functional analysis, Hum. Mol. Genet., 15, 1894, 10.1093/hmg/ddl112

Assou, 2007, A meta-analysis of human embryonic stem cells transcriptome integrated into a web-based expression atlas, Stem Cells, 25, 961, 10.1634/stemcells.2006-0352

Aumailley, 2005, A simplified laminin nomenclature, Matrix Biol., 24, 326, 10.1016/j.matbio.2005.05.006

Baudoin, 1998, Knockout and knockin of the beta1 exon D define distinct roles for integrin splice variants in heart function and embryonic development, Genes Dev., 12, 1202, 10.1101/gad.12.8.1202

Baxter, 2009, Analysis of the distinct functions of growth factors and tissue culture substrates necessary for the long-term self-renewal of human embryonic stem cell lines, Stem Cell Res., 3, 28, 10.1016/j.scr.2009.03.002

Bazigou, 2009, Integrin-alpha9 is required for fibronectin matrix assembly during lymphatic valve morphogenesis, Dev. Cell, 17, 175, 10.1016/j.devcel.2009.06.017

Bengtsson, 2005, Loss of alpha10beta1 integrin expression leads to moderate dysfunction of growth plate chondrocytes, J. Cell Sci., 118, 929, 10.1242/jcs.01678

Beningo, 2004, Responses of fibroblasts to anchorage of dorsal extracellular matrix receptors, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 101, 18024, 10.1073/pnas.0405747102

Bennett, 2009, The structure and function of platelet integrins, J. Thromb. Haemost., 7, 200, 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2009.03378.x

Berrier, 2007, Cell-matrix adhesion, J. Cell. Physiol., 213, 565, 10.1002/jcp.21237

Bloch, 1997, Beta 1 integrin is essential for teratoma growth and angiogenesis, J. Cell Biol., 139, 265, 10.1083/jcb.139.1.265

Bokel, 2002, Integrins in development: moving on, responding to, and sticking to the extracellular matrix, Dev. Cell, 3, 311, 10.1016/S1534-5807(02)00265-4

Bonig, 2009, Blockade of alpha6-integrin reveals diversity in homing patterns among human, baboon, and murine cells, Stem Cells Dev., 18, 839, 10.1089/scd.2008.0269

Bouvard, 2001, Functional consequences of integrin gene mutations in mice, Circ. Res., 89, 211, 10.1161/hh1501.094874

Braam, 2008, Recombinant vitronectin is a functionally defined substrate that supports human embryonic stem cell self-renewal via alphavbeta5 integrin, Stem Cells, 26, 2257, 10.1634/stemcells.2008-0291

Briefing, 2010, 30 July- 4 August 2010, Nature, 466, 670, 10.1038/466670a

Brill, 2009, Phosphoproteomic analysis of human embryonic stem cells, Cell Stem Cell, 5, 204, 10.1016/j.stem.2009.06.002

Brooke, 2008, Molecular trafficking mechanisms of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells derived from human bone marrow and placenta, Stem Cells Dev., 17, 929, 10.1089/scd.2007.0156

Campos, 2005, Beta1 integrins and neural stem cells: making sense of the extracellular environment, Bioessays, 27, 698, 10.1002/bies.20256

Chamberlain, 2007, Concise review: mesenchymal stem cells: their phenotype, differentiation capacity, immunological features, and potential for homing, Stem Cells, 25, 2739, 10.1634/stemcells.2007-0197

Chastain, 2006, Adhesion of mesenchymal stem cells to polymer scaffolds occurs via distinct ECM ligands and controls their osteogenic differentiation, J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A, 78, 73, 10.1002/jbm.a.30686

Chen, 2002, The alpha(2) integrin subunit-deficient mouse: a multifaceted phenotype including defects of branching morphogenesis and hemostasis, Am. J. Pathol., 161, 337, 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)64185-5

Comoglio, 2003, Interactions between growth factor receptors and adhesion molecules: breaking the rules, Curr. Opin. Cell Biol., 15, 565, 10.1016/S0955-0674(03)00096-6

De Arcangelis, 1999, Synergistic activities of alpha3 and alpha6 integrins are required during apical ectodermal ridge formation and organogenesis in the mouse, Development, 126, 3957, 10.1242/dev.126.17.3957

Docheva, 2007, Human mesenchymal stem cells in contact with their environment: surface characteristics and the integrin system, J. Cell. Mol. Med., 11, 21, 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2007.00001.x

Even-Ram, 2005, Cell migration in 3D matrix, Curr. Opin. Cell Biol., 17, 524, 10.1016/j.ceb.2005.08.015

Evseenko, 2008, Identification of the critical extracellular matrix proteins that promote human embryonic stem cell assembly, Stem Cells Dev., 18, 919, 10.1089/scd.2008.0293

Fassler, 1995, Consequences of lack of beta 1 integrin gene expression in mice, Genes Dev., 9, 1896, 10.1101/gad.9.15.1896

Fernandes, 2009, Successful scale-up of human embryonic stem cell production in a stirred microcarrier culture system, Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res., 42, 515, 10.1590/S0100-879X2009000600007

Fernandes, 2010, Three-dimensional cell culture microarray for high-throughput studies of stem cell fate, Biotechnol. Bioeng., 106, 106, 10.1002/bit.22661

Ferreira, 2007, Bioactive hydrogel scaffolds for controllable vascular differentiation of human embryonic stem cells, Biomaterials, 28, 2706, 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.01.021

Fisher, 2001, Flexible structures of SIBLING proteins, bone sialoprotein, and osteopontin, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 280, 460, 10.1006/bbrc.2000.4146

Flaim, 2005, An extracellular matrix microarray for probing cellular differentiation, Nat. Meth., 2, 119, 10.1038/nmeth736

Flaim, 2008, Combinatorial signaling microenvironments for studying stem cell fate, Stem Cells Dev., 17, 29, 10.1089/scd.2007.0085

Flanagan, 2006, Regulation of human neural precursor cells by laminin and integrins, J. Neurosci. Res., 83, 845, 10.1002/jnr.20778

Foster, 2005, Differential expression profiling of membrane proteins by quantitative proteomics in a human mesenchymal stem cell line undergoing osteoblast differentiation, Stem Cells, 23, 1367, 10.1634/stemcells.2004-0372

George, 2009, Nanoscale presentation of cell adhesive molecules via block copolymer self-assembly, Biomaterials, 30, 4732, 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.05.039

Georges-Labouesse, 1996, Absence of integrin alpha 6 leads to epidermolysis bullosa and neonatal death in mice, Nat. Genet., 13, 370, 10.1038/ng0796-370

Georges-Labouesse, 1998, Essential role of alpha 6 integrins in cortical and retinal lamination, Curr. Biol., 8, 983, 10.1016/S0960-9822(98)70402-6

Goessler, 2006, In vitro analysis of integrin expression during chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and chondrocytes upon dedifferentiation in cell culture, Int. J. Mol. Med., 17, 301

Goessler, 2008, Integrin expression in stem cells from bone marrow and adipose tissue during chondrogenic differentiation, Int. J. Mol. Med., 21, 271

Grassinger, 2009, Thrombin-cleaved osteopontin regulates hemopoietic stem and progenitor cell functions through interactions with alpha9beta1 and alpha4beta1 integrins, Blood, 114, 49, 10.1182/blood-2009-01-197988

Green, 1977, Terminal differentiation of cultured human epidermal cells, Cell, 11, 405, 10.1016/0092-8674(77)90058-7

Griffith, 2006, Capturing complex 3D tissue physiology in vitro, Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol., 7, 211, 10.1038/nrm1858

Gu, 2003, Laminin isoform-specific promotion of adhesion and migration of human bone marrow progenitor cells, Blood, 101, 877, 10.1182/blood-2002-03-0796

Guo, 2006, Beta 4 integrin amplifies ErbB2 signaling to promote mammary tumorigenesis, Cell, 126, 489, 10.1016/j.cell.2006.05.047

Hall, 2006, Integrins are markers of human neural stem cells, Stem Cells, 24, 2078, 10.1634/stemcells.2005-0595

Hannan, 2009, BMP-11 and myostatin support undifferentiated growth of human embryonic stem cells in feeder-free cultures, Cloning Stem Cells, 11, 427, 10.1089/clo.2009.0024

Hartner, 2002, Aspects of the renal phenotype of adult alpha8 integrin-deficient mice, Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., 17, 71, 10.1093/ndt/17.suppl_9.71

Hirsch, 1996, Impaired migration but not differentiation of haematopoietic stem cells in the absence of beta1 integrins, Nature, 380, 171, 10.1038/380171a0

Hirst, 2007, LongSAGE profiling of nine human embryonic stem cell lines, Genome Biol., 8, R113, 10.1186/gb-2007-8-6-r113

Huang, 1996, Inactivation of the integrin beta 6 subunit gene reveals a role of epithelial integrins in regulating inflammation in the lung and skin, J. Cell Biol., 133, 921, 10.1083/jcb.133.4.921

Huang, 2000, Normal development, wound healing, and adenovirus susceptibility in beta5-deficient mice, Mol. Cell. Biol., 20, 755, 10.1128/MCB.20.3.755-759.2000

Humphries, 2006, Integrin ligands at a glance, J. Cell Sci., 119, 3901, 10.1242/jcs.03098

Hwang, 2006, Chondrogenic differentiation of human embryonic stem cell-derived cells in arginine-glycine-aspartate-modified hydrogels, Tissue Eng., 12, 2695, 10.1089/ten.2006.12.2695

Hynes, 2002, Integrins: bidirectional, allosteric signaling machines, Cell, 110, 673, 10.1016/S0092-8674(02)00971-6

James, 2005, TGFbeta/activin/nodal signaling is necessary for the maintenance of pluripotency in human embryonic stem cells, Development, 132, 1273, 10.1242/dev.01706

Kang, 2005, Basic fibroblast growth factor activates ERK and induces c-fos in human embryonic stem cell line MizhES1, Stem Cells Dev., 14, 395, 10.1089/scd.2005.14.395

Kapur, 2003, Chemically-bound nerve growth factor for neural tissue engineering applications, J. Biomater. Sci. Polym. Ed., 14, 383, 10.1163/156856203321478883

Keirstead, 2005, Human embryonic stem cell-derived oligodendrocyte progenitor cell transplants remyelinate and restore locomotion after spinal cord injury, J. Neurosci., 25, 4694, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0311-05.2005

Keller, 2001, Disruption of integrin function in the murine myocardium leads to perinatal lethality, fibrosis, and abnormal cardiac performance, Am. J. Pathol., 158, 1079, 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)64055-2

Krampera, 2006, Mesenchymal stem cells for bone, cartilage, tendon and skeletal muscle repair, Bone, 39, 678, 10.1016/j.bone.2006.04.020

Kreidberg, 1996, Alpha 3 beta 1 integrin has a crucial role in kidney and lung organogenesis, Development, 122, 3537, 10.1242/dev.122.11.3537

Kunkel, 1998, The roles of L-selectin, beta 7 integrins, and P-selectin in leukocyte rolling and adhesion in high endothelial venules of Peyer's patches, J. Immunol., 161, 2449, 10.4049/jimmunol.161.5.2449

LaBarge, 2009, Human mammary progenitor cell fate decisions are products of interactions with combinatorial microenvironments, Integr. Biol. (Camb)., 1, 70, 10.1039/B816472J

Lapidot, 2005, How do stem cells find their way home?, Blood, 106, 1901, 10.1182/blood-2005-04-1417

Law, 1999, Integrin cytoplasmic tyrosine motif is required for outside-in alphaIIbbeta3 signalling and platelet function, Nature, 401, 808, 10.1038/44599

Levy, 2000, beta1 integrins regulate keratinocyte adhesion and differentiation by distinct mechanisms, Mol. Biol. Cell, 11, 453, 10.1091/mbc.11.2.453

Li, 2007, MEK/ERK signaling contributes to the maintenance of human embryonic stem cell self-renewal, Differentiation, 75, 299, 10.1111/j.1432-0436.2006.00143.x

Liesveld, 1993, Expression of integrins and examination of their adhesive function in normal and leukemic hematopoietic cells, Blood, 81, 112, 10.1182/blood.V81.1.112.112

Liu, 2009, Integrins are required for the differentiation of visceral endoderm, J. Cell Sci., 122, 233, 10.1242/jcs.037663

Lo, 2006, Focal adhesions: what's new inside, Dev. Biol., 294, 280, 10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.03.029

Lock, 2009, Expansion and differentiation of human embryonic stem cells to endoderm progeny in a microcarrier stirred-suspension culture, Tissue Eng. A, 15, 2051, 10.1089/ten.tea.2008.0455

Luo, 2007, Structural basis of integrin regulation and signaling, Annu. Rev. Immunol., 25, 619, 10.1146/annurev.immunol.25.022106.141618

Majumdar, 2000, Isolation, characterization, and chondrogenic potential of human bone marrow-derived multipotential stromal cells, J. Cell. Physiol., 185, 98, 10.1002/1097-4652(200010)185:1<98::AID-JCP9>3.0.CO;2-1

Manton, 2010, A Chimeric Vitronectin: IGF-I Protein Supports Feeder-Cell-Free and Serum-Free Culture of Human Embryonic Stem Cells, Stem Cells Dev., 19, 1297, 10.1089/scd.2009.0504

Mapili, 2005, Laser-layered microfabrication of spatially patterned functionalized tissue-engineering scaffolds, J. Biomed. Mater. Res. B Appl. Biomater., 75, 414, 10.1002/jbm.b.30325

Martino, 2009, Controlling integrin specificity and stem cell differentiation in 2D and 3D environments through regulation of fibronectin domain stability, Biomaterials, 30, 1089, 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.10.047

McCarty, 2005, Selective ablation of alphav integrins in the central nervous system leads to cerebral hemorrhage, seizures, axonal degeneration and premature death, Development, 132, 165, 10.1242/dev.01551

Meighan, 2008, Temporal and spatial regulation of integrins during development, Curr. Opin. Cell Biol., 20, 520, 10.1016/j.ceb.2008.05.010

Melkoumian, 2010, Synthetic peptide-acrylate surfaces for long-term self-renewal and cardiomyocyte differentiation of human embryonic stem cells, Nat. Biotechnol., 28, 606, 10.1038/nbt.1629

Minguell, 2001, Mesenchymal stem cells, Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood), 226, 507, 10.1177/153537020122600603

Miyazaki, 2008, Recombinant human laminin isoforms can support the undifferentiated growth of human embryonic stem cells, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 375, 27, 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.07.111

Munger, 1999, The integrin alpha v beta 6 binds and activates latent TGF beta 1: a mechanism for regulating pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis, Cell, 96, 319, 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80545-0

Nikolopoulos, 2005, Targeted deletion of the integrin beta4 signaling domain suppresses laminin-5-dependent nuclear entry of mitogen-activated protein kinases and NF-kappaB, causing defects in epidermal growth and migration, Mol. Cell. Biol., 25, 6090, 10.1128/MCB.25.14.6090-6102.2005

Nistor, 2005, Human embryonic stem cells differentiate into oligodendrocytes in high purity and myelinate after spinal cord transplantation, Glia, 49, 385, 10.1002/glia.20127

Oh, 2009, Long-term microcarrier suspension cultures of human embryonic stem cells, Stem Cell Res., 2, 219, 10.1016/j.scr.2009.02.005

Pebay, 2005, Essential roles of sphingosine-1-phosphate and platelet-derived growth factor in the maintenance of human embryonic stem cells, Stem Cells, 23, 1541, 10.1634/stemcells.2004-0338

Peng, 2008, Progressive morphological and functional defects in retinas from alpha1 integrin-null mice, Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci., 49, 4647, 10.1167/iovs.08-2011

Pera, 2010, Extrinsic regulation of pluripotent stem cells, Nature, 465, 713, 10.1038/nature09228

Popova, 2007, Alpha11 beta1 integrin-dependent regulation of periodontal ligament function in the erupting mouse incisor, Mol. Cell. Biol., 27, 4306, 10.1128/MCB.00041-07

Potapova, 2008, Culturing of human mesenchymal stem cells as three-dimensional aggregates induces functional expression of CXCR4 that regulates adhesion to endothelial cells, J. Biol. Chem., 283, 13100, 10.1074/jbc.M800184200

Potocnik, 2000, Fetal and adult hematopoietic stem cells require beta1 integrin function for colonizing fetal liver, spleen, and bone marrow, Immunity, 12, 653, 10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80216-2

Pribila, 2004, Integrins and T cell-mediated immunity, Annu. Rev. Immunol., 22, 157, 10.1146/annurev.immunol.22.012703.104649

Prowse, 2010, Long term culture of human embryonic stem cells on recombinant vitronectin in ascorbate free media, Biomaterials, 31, 8281, 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.07.037

Pruszak, 2009, CD15, CD24, and CD29 define a surface biomarker code for neural lineage differentiation of stem cells, Stem Cells, 27, 2928, 10.1002/stem.211

Qian, 2007, Distinct roles of integrins alpha6 and alpha4 in homing of fetal liver hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, Blood, 110, 2399, 10.1182/blood-2006-10-051276

Reuss-Borst, 1995, Differential expression of adhesion molecules in acute leukemia, Leukemia, 9, 869

Rodin, 2010, Long-term self-renewal of human pluripotent stem cells on human recombinant laminin-511, Nat. Biotechnol., 28, 611, 10.1038/nbt.1620

Rosenkranz, 1998, Impaired mast cell development and innate immunity in Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18, CR3)-deficient mice, J. Immunol., 161, 6463, 10.4049/jimmunol.161.12.6463

Rowland, 2009, Roles of integrins in human induced pluripotent stem cell growth on matrigel and vitronectin, Stem Cells Dev., 19, 1231, 10.1089/scd.2009.0328

Roy, 1999, Expression and function of cell adhesion molecules on fetal liver, cord blood and bone marrow hematopoietic progenitors: implications for anatomical localization and developmental stage specific regulation of hematopoiesis, Exp. Hematol., 27, 302, 10.1016/S0301-472X(98)00031-9

Sato, 2004, Maintenance of pluripotency in human and mouse embryonic stem cells through activation of Wnt signaling by a pharmacological GSK-3-specific inhibitor, Nat. Med., 10, 55, 10.1038/nm979

Schmits, 1996, LFA-1-deficient mice show normal CTL responses to virus but fail to reject immunogenic tumor, J. Exp. Med., 183, 1415, 10.1084/jem.183.4.1415

Schon, 1999, Mucosal T lymphocyte numbers are selectively reduced in integrin alpha E (CD103)-deficient mice, J. Immunol., 162, 6641, 10.4049/jimmunol.162.11.6641

Schreiber, 2009, The integrin alpha9beta1 on hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells: involvement in cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation, Haematologica, 94, 1493, 10.3324/haematol.2009.006072

Scott, 2003, Deletion of alpha4 integrins from adult hematopoietic cells reveals roles in homeostasis, regeneration, and homing, Mol. Cell. Biol., 23, 9349, 10.1128/MCB.23.24.9349-9360.2003

Sivaraman, 2005, A microscale in vitro physiological model of the liver: predictive screens for drug metabolism and enzyme induction, Curr. Drug Metab., 6, 569, 10.2174/138920005774832632

Smyth, 1999, Absence of basement membranes after targeting the LAMC1 gene results in embryonic lethality due to failure of endoderm differentiation, J. Cell Biol., 144, 151, 10.1083/jcb.144.1.151

Steiner, 2010, Derivation, propagation and controlled differentiation of human embryonic stem cells in suspension, Nat. Biotechnol., 28, 361, 10.1038/nbt.1616

Stephens, 1995, Deletion of beta 1 integrins in mice results in inner cell mass failure and peri-implantation lethality, Genes Dev., 9, 1883, 10.1101/gad.9.15.1883

Thomson, 1998, Embryonic stem cell lines derived from human blastocysts, Science, 282, 1145, 10.1126/science.282.5391.1145

Timmins, 2004, Hanging-drop multicellular spheroids as a model of tumour angiogenesis, Angiogenesis, 7, 97, 10.1007/s10456-004-8911-7

Tronik-Le Roux, 2000, Thrombasthenic mice generated by replacement of the integrin alpha(IIb) gene: demonstration that transcriptional activation of this megakaryocytic locus precedes lineage commitment, Blood, 96, 1399, 10.1182/blood.V96.4.1399

Ungrin, 2008, Reproducible, ultra high-throughput formation of multicellular organization from single cell suspension-derived human embryonic stem cell aggregates, PLoS ONE, 3, e1565, 10.1371/journal.pone.0001565

Vallier, 2005, Activin/Nodal and FGF pathways cooperate to maintain pluripotency of human embryonic stem cells, J. Cell Sci., 118, 4495, 10.1242/jcs.02553

van der Neut, 1996, Epithelial detachment due to absence of hemidesmosomes in integrin beta 4 null mice, Nat. Genet., 13, 366, 10.1038/ng0796-366

van Laake, 2010, Extracellular matrix formation after transplantation of human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, Cell. Mol. Life Sci., 67, 277, 10.1007/s00018-009-0179-z

Van Lonkhuyzen, 2007, Chimeric vitronectin:insulin-like growth factor proteins enhance cell growth and migration through co-activation of receptors, Growth Factors, 25, 295, 10.1080/08977190701803752

Verkleij, 1998, Simple collagen-like peptides support platelet adhesion under static but not under flow conditions: interaction via alpha2 beta1 and von Willebrand factor with specific sequences in native collagen is a requirement to resist shear forces, Blood, 91, 3808, 10.1182/blood.V91.10.3808

Villa-Diaz, 2010, Synthetic polymer coatings for long-term growth of human embryonic stem cells, Nat. Biotechnol., 28, 581, 10.1038/nbt.1631

Vuoristo, 2009, Laminin isoforms in human embryonic stem cells: synthesis, receptor usage and growth support, J. Cell. Mol. Med., 13, 2622, 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00643.x

Wagner, 1998, L-selectin and beta7 integrin synergistically mediate lymphocyte migration to mesenteric lymph nodes, Eur. J. Immunol., 28, 3832, 10.1002/(SICI)1521-4141(199811)28:11<3832::AID-IMMU3832>3.0.CO;2-J

Wang, 2007, Self-renewal of human embryonic stem cells requires insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor and ERBB2 receptor signaling, Blood, 110, 4111, 10.1182/blood-2007-03-082586

Wang, 2009, Inhibition of caspase-mediated anoikis is critical for basic fibroblast growth factor-sustained culture of human pluripotent stem cells, J. Biol. Chem., 284, 34054, 10.1074/jbc.M109.052290

Watanabe, 2007, A ROCK inhibitor permits survival of dissociated human embryonic stem cells, Nat. Biotechnol., 25, 681, 10.1038/nbt1310

Watt, 2002, Role of integrins in regulating epidermal adhesion, growth and differentiation, EMBO J., 21, 3919, 10.1093/emboj/cdf399

Welser, 2007, Placental defects in alpha7 integrin null mice, Placenta, 28, 1219, 10.1016/j.placenta.2007.08.002

Wong, 2010, Definitive endoderm derived from human embryonic stem cells highly express the integrin receptors alphaV and beta5, Cell Adh Migr., 4, 39, 10.4161/cam.4.1.10627

Wozniak, 2004, Focal adhesion regulation of cell behavior, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1692, 103, 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2004.04.007

Xu, 2001, Feeder-free growth of undifferentiated human embryonic stem cells, Nat. Biotechnol., 19, 971, 10.1038/nbt1001-971

Xu, 2010, Revealing a core signaling regulatory mechanism for pluripotent stem cell survival and self-renewal by small molecules, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 107, 8129, 10.1073/pnas.1002024107

Yang, 1993, Embryonic mesodermal defects in alpha 5 integrin-deficient mice, Development, 119, 1093, 10.1242/dev.119.4.1093

Yang, 1995, Cell adhesion events mediated by alpha 4 integrins are essential in placental and cardiac development, Development, 121, 549, 10.1242/dev.121.2.549

Zhu, 2002, beta8 integrins are required for vascular morphogenesis in mouse embryos, Development, 129, 2891, 10.1242/dev.129.12.2891