Statistical analysis of the effect of multi-stage hot drawing on the thermal shrinkage and crystallographic order of biodegradable aliphatic-aromatic co-polyester fibres

Fibers and Polymers - Tập 12 - Trang 778-788 - 2011
Basel Younes1,2, Alex Fotheringham1, Robert Mather3
1School of Textiles & Design, Heriot-Watt University, Netherdale, Galashiels, UK
2FMEE (Textiles), Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
3School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Riccarton, Edinburgh, UK

Tóm tắt

Using statistical experimental design, the effects of multi-stage hot drawing process on thermal shrinkage and crystallographic order of linear aliphatic-aromatic co-polyester fibres were statistically analyzed. Thermal shrinkage and fullwidth half-maximum (FWHM) of an X-ray scattering profile of the fibres have been quantitatively assessed, and the direction of increasing or decreasing the significant process parameters has been characterized. It has been found that the number of drawing stages, drawing temperature and relaxing stage ratio affect the shrinkage and crystallographic order together. Plate temperature and the interaction between drawing stages and drawing temperature or drawing ratio have an effect on thermal shrinkage; Spin finish application and relaxing temperature have an effect on crystallographic order. The data analysis has been characterized with regard to the relationship between the studied factors statistically analyzed and the scientific reasons suggested. Factorial statistical analysis simulates the combination of drawing process parameters and the selected as-spun environmentally friendly biodegradable fibre.

Tài liệu tham khảo

R. Smith, “Biodegradable Polymers for Industrial Applications”, Woodhead Publishing Limited, England, 2005. Y. Wang, “Recycling in Textiles”, Woodhead Publishing Ltd., England, 2006. S. J. Kadolph and A. L. Langford, “Textiles, 9th Edition”, Pearson Education Inc., New Jersey, USA, 2002. P. Walsh, “The Yarn Book, How to Understand, Design and Use Yarn”, A&C Black Publishers, London, 2006. S. Bruin, D. J. V. Zuilichem, and W. Stolp, Journal of Food Process Engineering, 2, 1 (1978). G. Biresaw and C. J. Carriere, Composites: Part A, 35, 313 (2004). C. Bastioli, “Hand Book of Biodegradable Polymers”, Rabra Technology, Italy, 2005. F. Li, X. Xu, Q. Li, Y. Li, H. Zhang, J. Yu, and A. Cao, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 91, 1685 (2006). L.-M. Deng, Y.-Z. Wang, K.-K. Yang, X.-L. Wang, Q. Zhou, and S.-D. Ding, Acta Materialia, 52, 5871 (2004). S. S. Park, S. H. Chae, and S. S. Im, J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem., 36, 147 (1998). H. J. Kang and S. S. Park, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 72, 593 (1999). S. S. Park and H. J. Kang, Polym. J., 31, 238 (1999). I. Kleeberg, C. Hetz, R. M. Kroppenstedt, R.-J. Müller, and W.-D. Deckwer, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 64, 1731 (1998). H. J. Kang and S. S. Park, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 72, 593 (1999). S. S. Park, S. H. Chae, and S. S. Im, J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem., 36, 147 (1998). N. C. Hoppens, T. W. Hudnall, A. Foster, and C. J. Booth, J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem., 42, 3473 (2004). R. A. Hayes, US Patent, 6485819, (2002). Q. Fang and M. A. Hanna, Bio-resource Technology, 78, 115 (2001). “Eastman Polymers for Fibres”, Eastman Chemical Company, USA, 2002. Environment Australia, “Biodegradable Plastics — Developments and Environmental Impacts”, NOLAN-ITU Pty Ltd., Australia, 2002. U. Witt, R.-J. Muller, and W.-D. Deckwer, J. Polym. Environ., 3, 215 (1995). B. L. Seala, T. C. Oterob, and A. Panitch, Mater. Sci. Eng., 34, 147 (2001). P. Prowans, M. E. Fray, and J. Slonecki, Biomaterials, 23, 2973 (2002). M. Renke-Gluszko and M. E. Fray, Biomaterials, 25, 5191 (2004). K. Twarowska-Schmidt, Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe, 12, 15 (2004). L. Fumin, W. A. Haile, M. E. Tincher, and W. S. Harris, European Patent, EP1330350 (2003). J. H. Wang and H. Aimin, “Biodegradable Aliphatic-Aromatic Copolyester for use in Nonwoven Webs”, 2008. F. Lu, W. Ahaile, M. Etincher, and S. H. Wiley, “Biodegradable Copolyester Nonwoven Fabric”, 2002. K. Twarowska-Schmidt and M. Ratajska, Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe, 13, 71 (2005). S. B. Warner, “Fibre Science”, Prentice-Hall, Inc., New Jersey, 1995. L. Hes and P. Ursiny, “Yarn Texturizing Technology”, EEC Comett Program & Eurotex Portugal, 1994 C. Andreoli and F. Freti, “Man-made Fibres”, ACIMIT, Italy 2004. J. W. S. Hearle and L. W. C. Miles, “The Setting of Fibres and Fabrics”, Marrow Publishing Co. Ltd., England, 1971. “National Industrial Chemicals Notification and Assessment Scheme (NICNAS)”, Australia, February 2003. D. W. Connell, “General Characteristics of Organic Compounds Which Exhibit Bioaccumulation, In Bioaccumulation of Xenobiotic Compounds”, CRC Press, Boca Raton, USA, 1990. J. V. Nabholz, P. Miller, and M. Zeeman, “Environmental Risk Assessment of the New Chemicals Under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Section Five, Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment. ASTM STP 1179. Wayne G. Landis, Jane S. Hughes, and Michael A. Lewis”, ASTM, Philadelphia, 1993. U. Witt, T. Einig, M. Yamamoto, I. Kleeberg, W.-D. Deckwer, and R.-J. Müller, Chemosphere, 44, 289 (2001). B. Younes, A. Fotheringham, and H. M. EL-Dessouky, Polym. Eng. Sci., 49, 2492 (2009). B. Younes, A. Fotheringham, and H. M. EL-Dessouky, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 118, 1270 (2010). B. Younes and A. Fotheringham, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 119, 1896 (2011). B. Younes, A. Fotheringham, H. M. EL-Dessouky, and G. Haddad, Int. J. Polym. Mater., 60, 316 (2011). A. Ziabicki, “Fundamental of Fibre Formation”, John Wiley & Sons, London, 1976. A. Guinier, “X-ray Diffraction: In Crystals, Imperfect Crystals, and Amorphous Bodies”, Courier Dover Publications, USA, 1994. J. G. M. V. Berkum, R. Dellhez, T. H. keijser, and E. J. Mittemeijer, “Diffraction-line Broadening Analysis of Strain Fields, In Defect and Microstructure Analysis by Diffraction”, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1999. A. L. Patterson, The American Physical Society, 56, 978 (1939). R. H. Lochner and J. E. Mater, “Design for Quality”, Chapman and Hall, London 1990. M. S. Phadke, “Quality Engineering Using Robust Design”, AT & T Bell Laboratories, USA, 1989. STATGRAPHICS Plus Version 5.1, USA, 2001. W. P. Gardiner and G. Gettinby, “Experimental Design Techniques in Statistical Practice, A practical Software-Based Approach”, Horwood Publishing Limited, England, 1998.