State-of-the-Art Review on the Influence of Mica Toward Geotechnical Performance of Micaceous Sand: A Micro- to Macroscopic Perspective
Tóm tắt
The presence of mica adversely alters the mechanical behavior of soil. The elastic and rebound behavior of mica particles allows their thin flakes to deform under load and recover after load removal. The resilient response of mica particles and their platy morphology substantially deteriorates the geotechnical behavior of micaceous sand due to lack of inherent cohesion while its negative influence was not considerable in cohesive micaceous soil. The unique platy structure, high elasticity, and nearly perfect basal cleavage of mica particles result in high compressibility, low compactability, low shear strength, and undesirable volume changes in micaceous sand. The presence of mica would significantly affect the dynamic behavior of micaceous sand in terms of initial stiffness, damping, pore pressure accumulation, and stiffness degradation, which in turn alters the liquefaction susceptibility of micaceous soil under high-frequency earthquake loading conditions. This is a serious threat to important structures which deal with soil–structure interactions. From the literature review, it is evident that micaceous soil undergoes numerous failures due to its lower shear strength and high liquefaction susceptibility. A proper understanding of the problems of micaceous soil is necessary to arrive at mitigation techniques. This paper discusses a critical review of the studies conducted on micaceous soil, emphasizing its microscopic behavior and effect on static and dynamic loading conditions.
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Schulz D (2005) Encyclopedia of soil in the environment. Elsevier, Netherlands
Haldar SK (2020) Introduction to mineralogy and petrology. Elsevier, Netherlands
Georgiannou VN (2008) Unstable behaviour of model Jamuna micaceous sand. Geotechnique 58(10):825–829
De Graft-Johnson JWS, Bhatia HS, Gidigasu MD, (1969a) The strength characteristics of residual micaceous soils and their application to slope-stability problems. In: Proc Int Conf Soil Mech Found Eng, 7th, Mexico, vol 1: pp 165-172
Mccarthy DF, Leonard RJ (1963) Compaction and Compression Characteristics of Micaceous Fine Sands and Silts. Dames and Moore, New York
Tubey LW, Webster DC (1978) The effects of mica on the roadmaking properties of materials, Geology
Harris WG, Parker JC, Zelazny LW (1984) Effects of mica content on engineering properties of sand. Soil Sci Soc Am J 48:501–505
Zhang J, Soltani A, Deng A, Jaksa MB (2019) Mechanical behavior of micaceous clays. J Rock Mech Geotech Eng 11(5):1044–1054
Lee JS, Guimaraes M, Santamarina JC (2007) Micaceous sands: microscale mechanisms and macroscale response. ASCE 133(9):1136
Weinert HH (1980) The Natural Road Construction Materials of South Africa. Academica, Pretoria, Cape Town
Ishihara K (1993) Liquefaction and flow failure during earthquakes. Geotechnique 43(3):351–451
Langford T, Perkins S (2010) Characterization of micaceous sand for investigation of a subsea mass movement. Adv Nat Technol Hazards Res 28:78–91
Harris WG, Zelazny LW (1985) Criteria assessment for micaceous and lliitic classes in soil taxonomy. Min classif soils 16:147–160
Ekblad J, Isacsson U (2008) Influence of water and mica content on resilient properties of coarse granular materials. Int J Pavement Eng 9(3):215–227
Cabalar AF, Cevik A (2009) Modelling damping ratio and shear modulus of sand-mica mixtures using neural networks. Eng Geol 104(1–2):31–40
Seethalakshmi P, Sachan A (2019) Dynamic behaviour of micaceous sand with varying mica content and its association with compactability, compressibility and monotonic shear response. Int J Geotech Eng 16(7):1–17
Cho G-C, Dodds J, Santamarina JC (2006) Particle shape effects on packing density, stiffness, and strength: natural and crushed sands. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 132(5):591–602
Isbuga, Mahmood V, M J, Cabalar AF (2016) Effect of mica content in sand on site response analysis. Int J civil environ eng 10(8):1088–1091
Schmidt K, Asce M (2008) Effects of mica content on cyclic resistance of poorly-graded sand. Geotech Earthq Eng Soil Dyn 318:1–8
Basari E, Ozden G (2013) Post-liquefaction volume change in micaceous sandy of Old Gediz River Delta. Act Geotech Slov 10(1):33–40
Tate B, Larew HG (1963) Effect of structure on resilient rebound characteristic of soils in the piedmont province of virginia. Highw Res Rec. 38:97–111
Seethalakshmi P, Sachan A (2018) Effect of successive impact loading on compactability, microstructure, and compressibility behavior of micaceous sand. Transp Infrastruct Geotech 5:114–128
Huang PM, Wang MK (2005) Minerals, primary. Encyclopedia of Soils in the Environment, ScienceDirect
Klein C, Hurlbut CS, Dana JD (1993) Manual of mineralogy. John Wiley & Sons Inc, New York
Bailey SW (1984) Classification and structures of the micas. Rev Mineral Geochem 13(1):1–12
Zhang J, Peng J, Zhang A, Li J (2022) Prediction of permanent deformation for subgrade soils under traffic loading in Southern China. Int J Pavement Eng 23(3):673–682
Gao H, Zhang X, An R, Wang G, Liu X, Lei X (2024) Compaction, compression, and hydraulic characteristics of micaceous residual soil. Bull Eng Geol Env 83(2):1–19
Wang G, Zhang X, Liu X, Gao H, An R, Yan L (2023) Engineering geological characterization of micaceous residual soils considering effects of mica content and particle breakage. Eng Geol 327:107367
Le NB, Toyota H, Takada S (2020) Evaluation of mechanical properties of mica-mixed sand considering inherent anisotropy. Soils Found 60(2):533–550
Mshali MR, Visser AT (2014) Influence of mica on compactability and moisture content of cement-treated weathered granite gravel. CE Projects cc
Pandya Sachan (2020) Shear strength and microscopic behaviour of micaceous Kutch soil. J Geotech Transp Eng 6(1):23–27
Durukan S, Basari E (2017) Influence of mica content on dynamic shear modulus of sandy soils. Int J Pavement Eng 9(3):215–227
Frempong EM (1995) A comparative assessment of sand and lime stabilization of residual micaceous compressible soils for road construction. Geotech Geol Eng 13:181–198
Tubey, L. W., & Bulman, J. N. (1964). Micaceous soils: Methods of determining mica content and the use of routine tests in the evaluation of such soils. In: Australian Road Research Board (ARRB) Conference, 2nd, 1964, Melbourne, vol 2, no 2
Gilroy G (1928) The compressibility of sand mica mixtures. Proc Am Soc Civil Engineering 54:555–568
Moore CA (1971) Effect of mica on Ko compressibility of two soils. J Soil Mech Found Division 97(9):1275–1291
Lupini JF, Skinner AE, Vaughan PR (1981) The drained residual strength of cohesive soils. Geotechnique 31(2):181–213
Deb R, Gogoi IB (2021) A Study on effect of mica content on engineering properties of sands. In: Patel S, Solanki CH, Reddy KR, Shukla SK (eds) Proceedings of the Indian Geotechnical Conference 2019. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, vol 133. Springer, Singapore
Shi Guangming, Li Xinyu, Guo Zekun, Zhang Zizhao, Zhang Yanyang (2022) Effect of mica content on shear strength of the yili loess under the dry-wet cycling condition. Sustainability 14(15):9569
Fayaz Z, Pandya S, Sachan A (2023) Effect of lime, kaolinite and bentonite treatment on mechanical behaviour of micaceous sand. Geomech Geoeng 5:1–19
Seethalakshmi P, Sachan A (2020) Effect of microstructure on stress–strain and pore-pressure response of sabarmati sand under the influence of mica. Geomech Geoeng 15(2):123–139
Yong NR, Mulligan NC (2003) The impact of clay microstructural features on the natural attenuation of contaminants. Appl Clay Sci 23(s1-4):179–186
Holubec ID Appolonia E (1973) Effect of particle shape on the engineering properties of granular soils. Evaluation of relative density and its role in geotechnical projects involving cohesionless soils. ASTM, STP523, West Conshohocken, PA, pp 304–318.
Miura K, Maeda K, Furukawa M, Toki S (1997) Physical characteristics of sands with different primary properties. Soils Found 37(3):53–64
Clayton CR, Theron M, Vermeulen N (2004) The effect of particle shape on the behaviour of gold tailings, Advances in Geotechnical Engineering, The skempton conference, ICE Publishing, London, England, UK, pp 393-404
Conner MA (2005) Influence of Mica Content on the Engineering Properties of Sand Doctoral dissertation, California Polytechnic State University
Seethalakshmi P, Sachan A (2021) Effect of mica content on pore pressure and stress-strain response of micaceous sand using energy dissipation and different failure mechanisms. Int J Geotech Eng 15(6):651–666
Manzoor B, Pandya S, Sachan A (2023) Liquefaction susceptibility and characterization of rebound response of micaceous sand. Transp Infrastruct Geotech 8:1–31
Yasin SJM, Tatsuoka F (2007) Stress-strain behaviour of a micacious sand in plane strain condition
Patino H, Galindo R (2021) Behavior of saturated micaceous silty sand subjected to a combination of static and cyclic load using simple shear tests. Eur J Environ Civil Eng. 26(16):8168–8193
Sachan A, Seethalakshmi P, Mishra MC (2019) Effect of crushing on stress-strain and pore pressure behavior of micaceous kutch soil under monotonic compression and repeated loading-unloading conditions. Geotech Geol Eng 37(6):5269–5283
Cabalar AF (2010) Applications of the oedometer, triaxial and resonant column tests to the study of micaceous sands. Eng Geol 112(1–4):21–28
Hardin BO, Black WL (1968) Vibration modulus of normally consolidated clay. J Soil Mech Found Div 94(2):353–369
Wei X, Yang J (2019) Cyclic behavior and liquefaction resistance of silty sands with presence of initial static shear stress. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 122:274–289
Borden RH, Shao L, Gupta A (1994) Construction Related Vibrations, Report No FHWA/NC/94–007, N. Carolina State University, pp 373
Cabalar AF, Cevik A (2011) Triaxial behavior of sand-mica mixtures using genetic programming. Expert Syst Appl 38(8):10358–10367
Omar RC, Roslan R, Baharuddin INZ, Hanafiah MIM (2016a) Micaceous Soil Strength and Permeability Improvement Induced by Microbacteria from Vegetable Waste. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 160(1).
Zhang J, Deng A, Jaksa M (2021) Enhancing mechanical behavior of micaceous soil with jute fibers and lime additives. J Rock Mech Geotech Eng 13(5):1093–1100
Sadhwani B, Seethalakshmi P, Sachan A (2020) Use of commercially available bentonite clay for treatment of micaceous sand. J Geotech Transp Eng 6(1):20–21
Zhang J, Deng A, Jaksa M (2021) Optimizing micaceous soil stabilization using response surface method. J Rock Mech Geotech Eng 13(1):212–220
Ibeh CU, Tarantino A, Pedrotti M, Lunn RJ (2021) An experimental investigation into the use of mica as a material for the stabilisation of marginal clays in construction. Constr Build Mater 299:123971