Starvation decreases behavioral consistency in a Neotropical harvestman

Acosta LE, Machado G (2007) Diet and foraging. In: Pinto-da-Rocha R, Machado G, Giribet G (eds) Harvestmen: the biology of Opiliones. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, pp 374–399 Arrese EL, Soulages JL (2010) Insect fat body: energy, metabolism, and regulation. Annu Rev Entomol 55:207–225. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-112408-085356 Bell AM, Hankison SJ, Laskowski KL (2009) The repeatability of behaviour: a meta-analysis. Anim Behav 77:771–783. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2008.12.022 Bosco JM, Riechert SE, O'Meara BC (2017) The ontogeny of personality traits in the desert funnel-web spider, Agelenopsis lisa (Araneae: Agelenidae). Ethology 123:648–658. https://doi.org/10.1111/eth.12639 Buzatto BA, Tomkins JL, Simmons LW, Machado G (2014) Correlated evolution of sexual dimorphism and male dimorphism in a clade of Neotropical harvestmen. Evolution 68:1671–1686. https://doi.org/10.1111/evo.12395 Carere C, Maestripieri D (eds) (2013) Animal personalities: behavior, physiology, and evolution. University of Chicago Press, Chicago Carter AJ, Feeney WE, Marshall HH, Cowlishaw G, Heinsohn R (2013) Animal personality: what are behavioural ecologists measuring? Biol Rev 88:465–475. https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12007 Castellini MA, Rea LD (1992) The biochemistry of natural fasting at its limits. Experientia 48:575–582. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01920242 Chang CC, Teo HY, Norma-Rashid Y, Li D (2017) Predator personality and prey behavioural predictability jointly determine foraging performance. Sci Rep 7:40734–40738. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep40734 Coutinho C, Ayres-Peres L, Araujo PB, Jara CG, Santos S (2013) Thanatosis in freshwater anomurans (Decapoda: Aeglidae). J Nat Hist 47:2623–2632. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2013.807949 Development Core Team (2018) R: A language and environment for statistical computing Edelaar P, Serrano D, Carrete M, Blas J, Potti J, Tella JL (2012) Tonic immobility is a measure of boldness toward predators: an application of Bayesian structural equation modeling. Behav Ecol 23:619–626. https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/ars006 Edmunds M (1974) Defence in animals: a survey of anti-predator defences. Longman Publishing Group, Harlow Gerald GW (2008) Feign versus flight: influences of temperature, body size and locomotor abilities on death feigning in neonate snakes. Anim Behav 75:647–654. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2007.07.018 Gosling SD (2001) From mice to men: what can we learn about personality from animal research? Psychol Bull 127:45–86. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.127.1.45 Halpin RN, Johnson JC (2014) A continuum of behavioral plasticity in urban and desert black widows. Ethology 120:1237–1247. https://doi.org/10.1111/eth.12297 Hara MR, Cavalheiro AJ, Gnaspini P, Santos DY (2005) A comparative analysis of the chemical nature of defensive secretions of Gonyleptidae (Arachnida: Opiliones: Laniatores). Biochem Syst Eco 33:1210–1225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2005.07.012 Hozumi N, Miyatake T (2005) Body-size dependent difference in death-feigning behavior of adult Callosobruchus chinensis. J Insect Behav 18:557–566. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10905-005-5612-z Humphreys RK, Ruxton GD (2018) A review of thanatosis (death feigning) as an anti-predator behaviour. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 72:22–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-017-2436-8 Johnson JC, Sih A (2007) Fear, food, sex and parental care: a syndrome of boldness in the fishing spider, Dolomedes triton. Anim Behav 74:1131–1138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2007.02.006 Jones TC, Akoury TS, Hauser CK, Moore D (2011) Evidence of circadian rhythm in antipredator behaviour in the orb-weaving spider Larinioides cornutus. Anim Behav 82:549–555. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.06.009 Keiser CN, Modlmeier AP, Singh N, Jones DK, Pruitt JN (2014) Exploring how a shift in the physical environment shapes individual and group behavior across two social contexts. Ethology 120:825–833. https://doi.org/10.1111/eth.12256 Koski SE (2014) Broader horizons for animal personality research. Front Ecol Evol 2:1–6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2014.00070 Kralj-Fišer S, Schneider JM (2012) Individual behavioural consistency and plasticity in an urban spider. Anim Behav 84:197–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2012.04.032 Kralj-Fišer S, Schuett W (2014) Studying personality variation in invertebrates: why bother? Anim Behav 91:41–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.02.016 Kralj-Fišer S, Schneider JM, Justinek Ž, Kalin S, Gregorič M, Pekár S, Kuntner M (2012) Mate quality, not aggressive spillover, explains sexual cannibalism in a size-dimorphic spider. Behav Ecol and Sociobiol 66:145–151. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-011-1262-7 Kuriwada T, Kumano N, Shiromoto K, Haraguchi D (2009) Copulation reduces the duration of death-feigning behaviour in the sweetpotato weevil, Cylas formicarius. Anim Behav 78:1145–1151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2009.07.031 Lichtenstein JL, DiRienzo N, Knutson K, Kuo C, Zhao KC, Brittingham HA, Geary SE, Mistero S, Rice HK, David Z, Scharf I, Pruitt J (2016) Prolonged food restriction decreases body condition and reduces repeatability in personality traits in web-building spiders. Behav Eco Sociobiol 70:1793–1803. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-016-2184-1 Machado G, Pizo MA (2000) The use of fruits by the Neotropical harvestman Neosadocus variabilis (Opiliones, Laniatores, Gonyleptidae). J Arachnol 28:357–361. https://doi.org/10.1636/0161-8202(2000)028[0357:TUOFBT]2.0.CO;2 Miyatake T (2001a) Diurnal periodicity of death-feigning in Cylas formicarius (Coleoptera: Brentidae). J Insect Behav 14:421–432. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011196420147 Miyatake T (2001b) Effects of starvation on death-feigning in adults of Cylas formicarius (Coleoptera: Brentidae). Ann Entomol Soc Am 94:612–616. https://doi.org/10.1603/0013-8746(2001)094[0612:EOSODF]2.0.CO;2 Miyatake T, Tabuchi K, Sasaki K, Okada K, Katayama K, Moriya S (2008) Pleiotropic antipredator strategies, fleeing and feigning death, correlated with dopamine levels in Tribolium castaneum. Anim Behav 75:113–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2007.04.019 Nakagawa S, Schielzeth H (2010) Repeatability for Gaussian and non-Gaussian data: a practical guide for biologists. Biol Rev 85:935–956. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-185X.2010.00141.x Pomini AM, Machado G, Pinto-da-Rocha R, Macías-Ordóñez R, Marsaioli AJ (2010) Lines of defense in the harvestman Hoplobunus mexicanus (Arachnida: Opiliones): Aposematism, stridulation, thanatosis, and irritant chemicals. Biochem Syst Ecol 38:300–308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2010.03.003R Pruitt JN, DiRienzo N, Kralj-Fišer S, Johnson JC, Sih A (2011) Individual-and condition-dependent effects on habitat choice and choosiness. Behav Eco Sociobiol 65:1987–1995. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-011-1208-0 Pruitt JN, Oufiero CE, Avilés L, Riechert SE (2012) Iterative evolution of increased behavioral variation characterizes the transition to sociality in spiders and proves advantageous. Am Nat 180:496–510. https://doi.org/10.1086/667576 Réale D, Reader SM, Sol D, McDougall PT, Dingemanse NJ (2007) Integrating animal temperament within ecology and evolution. Biol Rev 82:291–318. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-185X.2007.00010.x Rovee CK, Kaufman LW, Collier GH, Kent GC Jr (1976) Periodicity of death feigning by domestic fowl in response to simulated predation. Physiol Behav 17:891–895. https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9384(76)90004-4 Ruxton GD, Sherratt TN, Speed MP, Speed MP, Speed M (2004) Avoiding attack: the evolutionary ecology of crypsis, warning signals and mimicry. Oxford University Press Scharf I (2016) The multifaceted effects of starvation on arthropod behaviour. Anim Behav 119:37–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.06.019 Segovia JMG, Del-Claro K, Willemart RH (2015) Defences of a Neotropical harvestman against different levels of threat by the recluse spider. Behaviour 152:757–773. https://doi.org/10.1163/1568539X-00003252 Segovia JMG, Murayama GP, Willemart RH (2019) Sexual differences in weaponry and defensive behavior in a Neotropical harvestman. Curr Zool 65:553-558. https://doi.org/10.1093/cz/zoy073 Sih A, Kats LB, Maurer EF (2003) Behavioural correlations across situations and the evolution of antipredator behaviour in a sunfish–salamander system. Anim Behav 65:29–44. https://doi.org/10.1006/anbe.2002.2025 Sih A, Cote J, Evans M, Fogarty S, Pruitt J (2012) Ecological implications of behavioural syndromes. Ecol Lett 15:278–289. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01731.x Sih A, Mathot KJ, Moirón M, Montiglio PO, Wolf M, Dingemanse N (2015) Animal personality and state–behaviour feedbacks: a review and guide for empiricists. Trends Ecol Evol 30:50–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2014.11.004 Smith BR, Blumstein DT (2008) Fitness consequences of personality: a meta-analysis. Behav Ecol 19:448–455. https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arm144 Sweeney K, Gadd RD, Hess ZL, McDermott DR, MacDonald L, Cotter P, Armagost F, Chen JZ, Berning AW, Dirienzo N, Pruitt JN (2013) Assessing the effects of rearing environment, natural selection, and developmental stage on the emergence of a behavioral syndrome. Ethology 119:436–447. https://doi.org/10.1111/eth.12081 Tremmel M, Müller C (2012) Insect personality depends on environmental conditions. Behav Ecol 24:386–392. https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/ars175 Watanabe NM, Stahlman WD, Blaisdell AP, Garlick D, Fast CD, Blumstein DT (2012) Quantifying personality in the terrestrial hermit crab: different measures, different inferences. Behav Process 91:133–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2012.06.007 Wexler Y, Scharf I (2017) Distinct effects of two separately applied stressors on behavior in the red flour beetle. Behav Process 145:86–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2017.10.008