Staphylococcus aureus toxins – Their functions and genetics
Tài liệu tham khảo
Alderson, 1995, Fas ligand mediates activation-induced cell death in human T lymphocytes, J. Exp. Med., 181, 71, 10.1084/jem.181.1.71
Alonzo, 2012, Staphylococcus aureus leucocidin ED contributes to systemic infection by targeting neutrophils and promoting bacterial growth in vivo, Mol. Microbiol., 83, 423, 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2011.07942.x
Alonzo, 2013, CCR5 is a receptor for Staphylococcus aureus leukotoxin ED, Nature, 493, 51, 10.1038/nature11724
Andrey, 2010, Control of the Staphylococcus aureus toxic shock tst promoter by the global regulator SarA, J Bacteriol, 192, 6077, 10.1128/JB.00146-10
Baba, 2002, Genome and virulence determinants of high virulence community-acquired MRSA, Lancet, 359, 1819, 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)08713-5
Bachert, 2012, Chronic rhinosinusitis and asthma: novel understanding of the role of IgE ‘above atopy’, J. Intern. Med., 272, 133, 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2012.02559.x
Bachert, 2008, Role of staphylococcal superantigens in upper airway disease, Curr. Opin. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 8, 34, 10.1097/ACI.0b013e3282f4178f
Bachert, 2010, Presence of IL-5 protein and IgE antibodies to staphylococcal enterotoxins in nasal polyps is associated with comorbid asthma, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 126, 962, 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.07.007
Badiou, 2008, Panton-Valentine leukocidin is expressed at toxic levels in human skin abscesses, Clin. Microbiol. Infect., 14, 1180, 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2008.02105.x
Bannan, 1999, Structure and function of streptococcal and staphylococcal superantigens in septic shock, Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am., 13, 387, 10.1016/S0891-5520(05)70081-7
Barnes, 2009, Intrinsic asthma: not so different from allergic asthma but driven by superantigens?, Clin. Exp. Allergy, 39, 1145, 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2009.03298.x
Barrio, 2006, LukM/LukF’-PV is the most active Staphylococcus aureus leukotoxin on bovine neutrophils, Microbes Infect., 8, 2068, 10.1016/j.micinf.2006.03.004
Bayles, 1989, Genetic and molecular analyses of the gene encoding staphylococcal enterotoxin D, J. Bacteriol., 171, 4799, 10.1128/jb.171.9.4799-4806.1989
Becker, 2003, Prevalence of genes encoding pyrogenic toxin superantigens and exfoliative toxins among strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from blood and nasal specimens, J. Clin. Microbiol., 41, 1434, 10.1128/JCM.41.4.1434-1439.2003
Becker, 2004, Systematic survey on the prevalence of genes coding for staphylococcal enterotoxins SElM, SElO, and SElN, Mol. Nutr. Food Res., 48, 488, 10.1002/mnfr.200400044
Bergdoll, 1981, A new staphylococcal enterotoxin, enterotoxin F, associated with toxic-shock-syndrome Staphylococcus aureus isolates, Lancet, 1, 1017, 10.1016/S0140-6736(81)92186-3
Bhakdi, 1991, Alpha-toxin of Staphylococcus aureus, Microbiol. Rev., 55, 733, 10.1128/MMBR.55.4.733-751.1991
Blank, 1997, Superantigen and endotoxin synergize in the induction of lethal shock, Eur. J. Immunol., 27, 825, 10.1002/eji.1830270405
Brown, 2009, The Panton-Valentine leukocidin vaccine protects mice against lung and skin infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus USA300, Clin. Microbiol. Infect., 15, 156, 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2008.02648.x
Bubeck Wardenburg, 2008, Vaccine protection against Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia, J. Exp. Med., 205, 287, 10.1084/jem.20072208
Bubeck Wardenburg, 2007, Poring over pores: alpha-hemolysin and Panton-Valentine leukocidin in Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia, Nat. Med., 13, 1405, 10.1038/nm1207-1405
Bubeck Wardenburg, 2007, Surface proteins and exotoxins are required for the pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia, Infect. Immun., 75, 1040, 10.1128/IAI.01313-06
Bubeck Wardenburg, 2008, Panton-Valentine leukocidin is not a virulence determinant in murine models of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus disease, J. Infect. Dis., 198, 1166, 10.1086/592053
Bunikowski, 1999, Prevalence and role of serum IgE antibodies to the Staphylococcus aureus-derived superantigens SEA and SEB in children with atopic dermatitis, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 103, 119, 10.1016/S0091-6749(99)70535-X
Carpaij, 2011, Genetic variation in spatio-temporal confined USA300 community-associated MRSA isolates: a shift from clonal dispersion to genetic evolution?, PLoS ONE, 6, e16419, 10.1371/journal.pone.0016419
Castillo-Ramirez, 2012, Phylogeographic variation in recombination rates within a global clone of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Genome Biol., 13, R126, 10.1186/gb-2012-13-12-r126
Chambers, 2009, Waves of resistance: Staphylococcus aureus in the antibiotic era, Nat. Rev. Microbiol., 7, 629, 10.1038/nrmicro2200
Chatterjee, 2011, Distribution and regulation of the mobile genetic element-encoded phenol-soluble modulin PSM-mec in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, PLoS ONE, 6, e28781, 10.1371/journal.pone.0028781
Cheung, 2012, The potential use of toxin antibodies as a strategy for controlling acute Staphylococcus aureus infections, Expert Opin. Ther. Targets, 16, 601, 10.1517/14728222.2012.682573
Cheung, 2010, Staphylococcus epidermidis strategies to avoid killing by human neutrophils, PLoS Pathog., 6, e1001133, 10.1371/journal.ppat.1001133
Choi, 1990, Selective expansion of T cells expressing V beta 2 in toxic shock syndrome, J. Exp. Med., 172, 981, 10.1084/jem.172.3.981
Choorit, 1995, Existence of a new protein component with the same function as the LukF component of leukocidin or gamma-hemolysin and its gene in Staphylococcus aureus P83, FEBS Lett., 357, 260, 10.1016/0014-5793(94)01372-8
Daum, 2012, Progress toward a Staphylococcus aureus vaccine, Clin. Infect. Dis., 54, 560, 10.1093/cid/cir828
David, 2010, Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: epidemiology and clinical consequences of an emerging epidemic, Clin. Microbiol. Rev., 23, 616, 10.1128/CMR.00081-09
del Giudice, 2009, Primary skin abscesses are mainly caused by Panton-Valentine leukocidin-positive Staphylococcus aureus strains, Dermatology, 219, 299, 10.1159/000232391
DeLeo, 2010, Community-associated meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Lancet, 375, 1557, 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61999-1
Diep, 2008, The role of virulence determinants in community-associated MRSA pathogenesis, Trends Microbiol., 16, 361, 10.1016/j.tim.2008.05.002
Diep, 2006, Complete genome sequence of USA300, an epidemic clone of community-acquired meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, The Lancet, 367, 731, 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68231-7
Dinges, 2000, Exotoxins of Staphylococcus aureus, Clin. Microbiol. Rev., 13, 16, 10.1128/CMR.13.1.16-34.2000
Dumont, 2011, Characterization of a new cytotoxin that contributes to Staphylococcus aureus pathogenesis, Mol. Microbiol., 79, 814, 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2010.07490.x
Feil, 2003, How clonal is Staphylococcus aureus?, J. Bacteriol., 185, 3307, 10.1128/JB.185.11.3307-3316.2003
Fitzgerald, 2001, Characterization of a Putative Pathogenicity Island from Bovine Staphylococcus aureus Encoding Multiple Superantigens, J. Bacteriol., 183, 63, 10.1128/JB.183.1.63-70.2001
Fleischer, 1988, T cell stimulation by staphylococcal enterotoxins. Clonally variable response and requirement for major histocompatibility complex class II molecules on accessory or target cells, J. Exp. Med., 167, 1697, 10.1084/jem.167.5.1697
Foster, 2005, Immune evasion by staphylococci, Nat. Rev. Microbiol., 3, 948, 10.1038/nrmicro1289
Foster, 1998, Surface protein adhesins of Staphylococcus aureus, Trends Microbiol., 6, 484, 10.1016/S0966-842X(98)01400-0
Franchi, 2012, Sensing and reacting to microbes through the inflammasomes, Nat. Immunol., 13, 325, 10.1038/ni.2231
Fraser, 2008, The bacterial superantigen and superantigen-like proteins, Immunol. Rev., 225, 226, 10.1111/j.1600-065X.2008.00681.x
Fraser, 2000, Superantigens – powerful modifiers of the immune system, Mol. Med. Today, 6, 125, 10.1016/S1357-4310(99)01657-3
Fueyo, 2005, Relationships between toxin gene content and genetic background in nasal carried isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from Asturias, Spain, FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 243, 447, 10.1016/j.femsle.2005.01.006
Gevaert, 2005, Organization of secondary lymphoid tissue and local IgE formation to Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins in nasal polyp tissue, Allergy, 60, 71, 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2004.00621.x
Gillet, 2002, Association between Staphylococcus aureus strains carrying gene for Panton-Valentine leukocidin and highly lethal necrotising pneumonia in young immunocompetent patients, Lancet, 359, 753, 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)07877-7
Goerke, 2009, Diversity of prophages in dominant Staphylococcus aureus clonal lineages, J Bacteriol, 191, 3462, 10.1128/JB.01804-08
Gould, 2007, The allergic march from Staphylococcus aureus superantigens to immunoglobulin E, Chem Immunol Allergy, 93, 106, 10.1159/000100861
Gravet, 2001, Staphylococcus aureus isolated in cases of impetigo produces both epidermolysin A or B and LukE-LukD in 78% of 131 retrospective and prospective cases, J Clin Microbiol, 39, 4349, 10.1128/JCM.39.12.4349-4356.2001
Grumann, 2011, Characterization of infecting strains and superantigen-neutralizing antibodies in Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia, Clin Vaccine Immunol, 18, 487, 10.1128/CVI.00329-10
Harris, 2010, Evolution of MRSA during hospital transmission and intercontinental spread, Science, 327, 469, 10.1126/science.1182395
Highlander, 2007, Subtle genetic changes enhance virulence of methicillin resistant and sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, BMC Microbiol., 7, 99, 10.1186/1471-2180-7-99
Holden, 2013
Holtfreter, 2005, Staphylococcal superantigens: do they play a role in sepsis?, Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz), 53, 13
Holtfreter, 2004, Egc-Encoded Superantigens from Staphylococcus aureus Are Neutralized by Human Sera Much Less Efficiently than Are Classical Staphylococcal Enterotoxins or Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin, Infect. Immun., 72, 4061, 10.1128/IAI.72.7.4061-4071.2004
Holtfreter, 2006, Staphylococcus aureus carriers neutralize superantigens by antibodies specific for their colonizing strain: A potential explanation for their improved prognosis in severe sepsis, J. Infect. Dis., 193, 1275, 10.1086/503048
Holtfreter, 2007, Clonal distribution of superantigen genes in clinical Staphylococcus aureus isolates, J Clin Microbiol, 45, 2669, 10.1128/JCM.00204-07
Holtfreter, 2010, Towards the immune proteome of Staphylococcus aureus - The anti-S. aureus antibody response, Int J Med Microbiol, 300, 176, 10.1016/j.ijmm.2009.10.002
Holzinger, 2012, Staphylococcus aureus Panton-Valentine leukocidin induces an inflammatory response in human phagocytes via the NLRP3 inflammasome, J Leukoc Biol, 92, 1069, 10.1189/jlb.0112014
Inoshima, 2011, A Staphylococcus aureus pore-forming toxin subverts the activity of ADAM10 to cause lethal infection in mice, Nat. Med., 17, 1310, 10.1038/nm.2451
Inoshima, 2012, Genetic requirement for ADAM10 in severe Staphylococcus aureus skin infection, J Invest Dermatol, 132, 1513, 10.1038/jid.2011.462
Janzon, 1989, Identification and nucleotide sequence of the delta-lysin gene, hld, adjacent to the accessory gene regulator (agr) of Staphylococcus aureus, Mol Gen Genet, 219, 480, 10.1007/BF00259623
Jarraud, 1999, Involvement of enterotoxins G and I in staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome and staphylococcal scarlet fever, J Clin Microbiol, 37, 2446, 10.1128/JCM.37.8.2446-2449.1999
Jarraud, 2001, Egc, A Highly Prevalent Operon of Enterotoxin Gene, Forms a Putative Nursery of Superantigens in Staphylococcus aureus, J Immunol, 166, 669, 10.4049/jimmunol.166.1.669
Jarraud, 2002, Relationships between Staphylococcus aureus Genetic Background, Virulence Factors, agr Groups (Alleles), and Human Disease, Infect. Immun., 70, 631, 10.1128/IAI.70.2.631-641.2002
Johns, 1988, Staphylococcal enterotoxin B gene is associated with a discrete genetic element, J Bacteriol, 170, 4033, 10.1128/jb.170.9.4033-4039.1988
Joo, 2011, Antimicrobial activity of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is caused by phenol-soluble modulin derivatives, J Biol Chem, 286, 8933, 10.1074/jbc.M111.221382
Kaneko, 2004, Bacterial two-component and hetero-heptameric pore-forming cytolytic toxins: structures, pore-forming mechanism, and organization of the genes, Biosci Biotechnol Biochem, 68, 981, 10.1271/bbb.68.981
Kaneko, 1997, Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes in a phage-like particle isolated from mitomycin C-treated Staphylococcus aureus V8 (ATCC 49775), Biosci Biotechnol Biochem, 61, 1960, 10.1271/bbb.61.1960
Kaneko, 1998, Complete nucleotide sequence and molecular characterization of the temperate staphylococcal bacteriophage phiPVL carrying Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes, Gene, 215, 57, 10.1016/S0378-1119(98)00278-9
Kappler, 1989, V beta-specific stimulation of human T cells by staphylococcal toxins, Science, 244, 811, 10.1126/science.2524876
Kebaier, 2012, Staphylococcus aureus alpha-hemolysin mediates virulence in a murine model of severe pneumonia through activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, J. Infect. Dis., 205, 807, 10.1093/infdis/jir846
Kretschmer, 2010, Human formyl peptide receptor 2 senses highly pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus, Cell Host Microbe, 7, 463, 10.1016/j.chom.2010.05.012
Kuroda, 2001, Whole genome sequencing of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Lancet, 357, 1225, 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)04403-2
Kurt, 2013, Subpopulations of Staphylococcus aureus clonal complex 121 are associated with distinct clinical entities, PLoS One, 8, e58155, 10.1371/journal.pone.0058155
Kusch, 2011, The influence of SaeRS and sigma(B) on the expression of superantigens in different Staphylococcus aureus isolates, Int J Med Microbiol, 301, 488, 10.1016/j.ijmm.2011.01.003
Labandeira-Rey, 2007, Staphylococcus aureus Panton-Valentine Leukocidin Causes Necrotizing Pneumonia 10.1126/science.1137165, Science, 315, 1130, 10.1126/science.1137165
Ladhani, 2003, Understanding the mechanism of action of the exfoliative toxins of Staphylococcus aureus, FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol, 39, 181, 10.1016/S0928-8244(03)00225-6
Letertre, 2003, Identification of a new putative enterotoxin SEU encoded by the egc cluster of Staphylococcus aureus, J Appl Microbiol, 95, 38, 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.01957.x
Lina, 2004, Standard nomenclature for the superantigens expressed by Staphylococcus, J. Infect. Dis., 189, 2334, 10.1086/420852
Lindsay, 2010, Genomic variation and evolution of Staphylococcus aureus, Int J Med Microbiol, 300, 98, 10.1016/j.ijmm.2009.08.013
Lindsay, 2006, Understanding the rise of the superbug: investigation of the evolution and genomic variation of Staphylococcus aureus, Funct Integr Genomics, 6, 186, 10.1007/s10142-005-0019-7
Lindsay, 2006, Microarrays Reveal that Each of the Ten Dominant Lineages of Staphylococcus aureus Has a Unique Combination of Surface-Associated and Regulatory Genes, J. Bacteriol., 188, 669, 10.1128/JB.188.2.669-676.2006
Loffler, 2010, Staphylococcus aureus Panton-Valentine leukocidin is a very potent cytotoxic factor for human neutrophils, PLoS Pathog, 6, e1000715, 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000715
Lowder, 2009, Recent human-to-poultry host jump, adaptation, and pandemic spread of Staphylococcus aureus, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 106, 19545, 10.1073/pnas.0909285106
Masiuk, 2010, Association of recurrent furunculosis with Panton-Valentine leukocidin and the genetic background of Staphylococcus aureus, J Clin Microbiol, 48, 1527, 10.1128/JCM.02094-09
McAdam, 2012, Molecular tracing of the emergence, adaptation, and transmission of hospital-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 109, 9107, 10.1073/pnas.1202869109
McCarthy, 2012, The distribution of plasmids that carry virulence and resistance genes in Staphylococcus aureus is lineage associated, BMC Microbiol., 12, 104, 10.1186/1471-2180-12-104
McCarthy, 2012, Staphylococcus aureus Temperate Bacteriophage: Carriage and Horizontal Gene Transfer is Lineage Associated, Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 2, 6, 10.3389/fcimb.2012.00006
McCormick, 2001, Toxic Shock Syndrome and Bacterial Superantigens: An Update, Annu. Rev. Microbiol., 55, 77, 10.1146/annurev.micro.55.1.77
Monecke, 2007, Comparative genomics and DNA array-based genotyping of pandemic Staphylococcus aureus strains encoding Panton-Valentine leukocidin, Clin Microbiol Infect, 13, 236, 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2006.01635.x
Monecke, 2007, High diversity of Panton-Valentine leukocidin-positive, methicillin-susceptible isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and implications for the evolution of community-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Clin Microbiol Infect, 13, 1157, 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2007.01833.x
Monecke, 2008, Assignment of Staphylococcus aureus isolates to clonal complexes based on microarray analysis and pattern recognition, FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol, 53, 237, 10.1111/j.1574-695X.2008.00426.x
Monecke, 2009, Molecular epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus in asymptomatic carriers, Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 28, 1159, 10.1007/s10096-009-0752-2
Monecke, 2011, A field guide to pandemic, epidemic and sporadic clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, PLoS ONE, 6, e17936, 10.1371/journal.pone.0017936
Montgomery, 2009, Transcription of inflammatory genes in the lung after infection with community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: a role for Panton-Valentine leukocidin?, Infect. Immun., 77, 2159, 10.1128/IAI.00021-09
Morfeldt, 1995, Activation of alpha-toxin translation in Staphylococcus aureus by the trans-encoded antisense RNA, RNAIII, Embo J, 14, 4569, 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb00136.x
Morikawa, 2012, Expression of a cryptic secondary sigma factor gene unveils natural competence for DNA transformation in Staphylococcus aureus, PLoS Pathog, 8, e1003003, 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003003
Morinaga, 2003, Purification, cloning and characterization of variant LukE-LukD with strong leukocidal activity of staphylococcal bi-component leukotoxin family, Microbiol Immunol., 47, 81, 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2003.tb02789.x
Munoz-Planillo, 2009, A critical role for hemolysins and bacterial lipoproteins in Staphylococcus aureus-induced activation of the Nlrp3 inflammasome, J Immunol, 183, 3942, 10.4049/jimmunol.0900729
Narita, 2001, Phage conversion of Panton-Valentine leukocidin in Staphylococcus aureus: molecular analysis of a PVL-converting phage, phiSLT, Gene, 268, 195, 10.1016/S0378-1119(01)00390-0
Nhan, 2011, Prevalence of toxin genes in consecutive clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and clinical impact, Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 30, 719, 10.1007/s10096-010-1143-4
Nilsson, 1999, Alpha-toxin and gamma-toxin jointly promote Staphylococcus aureus virulence in murine septic arthritis, Infect. Immun., 67, 1045, 10.1128/IAI.67.3.1045-1049.1999
Nishifuji, 2008, Staphylococcal exfoliative toxins: “molecular scissors” of bacteria that attack the cutaneous defense barrier in mammals, J Dermatol Sci, 49, 21, 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2007.05.007
Novick, 2007, The SaPIs: mobile pathogenicity islands of Staphylococcus, Chem Immunol Allergy, 93, 42, 10.1159/000100857
Nübel, 2008, Frequent emergence and limited geographic dispersal of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 105, 14130, 10.1073/pnas.0804178105
Nübel, 2010, A timescale for evolution, population expansion, and spatial spread of an emerging clone of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, PLoS Pathog, 6, e1000855, 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000855
Nübel, 2011, From types to trees: reconstructing the spatial spread of Staphylococcus aureus based on DNA variation, Int J Med Microbiol, 301, 614, 10.1016/j.ijmm.2011.09.007
Olsen, 2010, Lack of a major role of Staphylococcus aureus Panton-Valentine leukocidin in lower respiratory tract infection in nonhuman primates, Am J Pathol, 176, 1346, 10.2353/ajpath.2010.090960
Omoe, 2003, Identification and Characterization of a New Staphylococcal Enterotoxin-Related Putative Toxin Encoded by Two Kinds of Plasmids, Infect. Immun., 71, 6088, 10.1128/IAI.71.10.6088-6094.2003
Ono, 2008, Identification and Characterization of Two Novel Staphylococcal Enterotoxins, Types S and T, Infect. Immun., 76, 4999, 10.1128/IAI.00045-08
Otto, 2010, Basis of virulence in community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Annu Rev Microbiol, 64, 143, 10.1146/annurev.micro.112408.134309
Peacock, 2002, Virulent Combinations of Adhesin and Toxin Genes in Natural Populations of Staphylococcus aureus, Infect. Immun., 70, 4987, 10.1128/IAI.70.9.4987-4996.2002
Periasamy, 2012, Phenol-soluble modulins in staphylococci: What are they originally for?, Communicative & integrative biology, 5, 275, 10.4161/cib.19420
Periasamy, 2012, How Staphylococcus aureus biofilms develop their characteristic structure, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 109, 1281, 10.1073/pnas.1115006109
Perret, 2012, Cross-talk between Staphylococcus aureus leukocidins-intoxicated macrophages and lung epithelial cells triggers chemokine secretion in an inflammasome-dependent manner, Cell Microbiol, 14, 1019, 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2012.01772.x
Petersson, 2003, Staphylococcal enterotoxin H induces V alpha-specific expansion of T cells, J Immunol, 170, 4148, 10.4049/jimmunol.170.8.4148
Powers, 2012, ADAM10 mediates vascular injury induced by Staphylococcus aureus alpha-hemolysin, J. Infect. Dis., 206, 352, 10.1093/infdis/jis192
Prevost, 2001, Staphylococcal pore-forming toxins, Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol., 257, 53
Proft, 2003, Bacterial superantigens, Clin Exp Immunol, 133, 299, 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2003.02203.x
Queck, 2008, RNAIII-independent target gene control by the agr quorum-sensing system: insight into the evolution of virulence regulation in Staphylococcus aureus, Mol. Cell, 32, 150, 10.1016/j.molcel.2008.08.005
Queck, 2009, Mobile genetic element-encoded cytolysin connects virulence to methicillin resistance in MRSA, PLoS Pathog, 5, e1000533, 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000533
Rautenberg, 2011, Neutrophil responses to staphylococcal pathogens and commensals via the formyl peptide receptor 2 relates to phenol-soluble modulin release and virulence, Faseb J, 25, 1254, 10.1096/fj.10-175208
Rellahan, 1990, In vivo induction of anergy in peripheral V beta 8+ T cells by staphylococcal enterotoxin B, J. Exp. Med., 172, 1091, 10.1084/jem.172.4.1091
Rigby, 2012, Neutrophils in innate host defense against Staphylococcus aureus infections, Seminars in immunopathology, 34, 237, 10.1007/s00281-011-0295-3
Schaffer, 2008, Vaccination and passive immunisation against Staphylococcus aureus, Int J Antimicrob Agents, 32, S71, 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2008.06.009
Schlievert, 1982, Enhancement of host susceptibility to lethal endotoxin shock by staphylococcal pyrogenic exotoxin type C, Infect. Immun., 36, 123, 10.1128/IAI.36.1.123-128.1982
Schlotter, 2012, Leukocidin genes lukF-P83 and lukM are associated with taphylococcus aureus clonal complexes 151, 479 and 133 isolated from bovine udder infections in Thuringia, Germany, Vet Res, 43, 42, 10.1186/1297-9716-43-42
Sheehan, 1992, Osmotic and growth-phase dependent regulation of the eta gene of Staphylococcus aureus: a role for DNA supercoiling, Mol Gen Genet, 232, 49, 10.1007/BF00299136
Shore, 2012, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 56, 5340, 10.1128/AAC.01247-12
Sila, 2009, Comparison of the prevalence of genes coding for enterotoxins, exfoliatins, Panton-Valentine leukocidin and tsst-1 between methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible isolates of Staphylococcus aureus at the university hospital in olomouc, Biomedical papers of the Medical Faculty of the University Palacky, Olomouc, Czechoslovakia, 153, 215, 10.5507/bp.2009.036
Silverman, 2006, Confounding B-cell defences: lessons from a staphylococcal superantigen, Nat Rev Immunol, 6, 465, 10.1038/nri1853
Skaar, 2004, Iron-regulated surface determinants (Isd) of Staphylococcus aureus: stealing iron from heme, Microbes Infect, 6, 390, 10.1016/j.micinf.2003.12.008
Spellberg, 2012, Development of a vaccine against Staphylococcus aureus, Seminars in immunopathology, 34, 335, 10.1007/s00281-011-0293-5
Supersac, 1998, Assessment of the role of gamma-toxin in experimental endophthalmitis using a hlg-deficient mutant of Staphylococcus aureus, Microb. Pathog., 24, 241, 10.1006/mpat.1997.0192
Thomas, 2006, Staphylococcal enterotoxin-like toxins U2 and V, two new staphylococcal superantigens arising from recombination within the enterotoxin gene cluster, Infect. Immun., 74, 4724, 10.1128/IAI.00132-06
Thomas, 2007, Diversity in Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins, Chem Immunol Allergy, 93, 24, 10.1159/000100856
Thomas, 2009, Staphylococcus aureus superantigens elicit redundant and extensive human Vbeta patterns, Infect. Immun., 77, 2043, 10.1128/IAI.01388-08
Tseng, 2004, Accessory gene regulator control of staphyloccoccal enterotoxin d gene expression, J. Bacteriol., 186, 1793, 10.1128/JB.186.6.1793-1801.2004
Tseng, 2009, Staphylococcus aureus Panton-Valentine leukocidin contributes to inflammation and muscle tissue injury, PLoS ONE, 4, e6387, 10.1371/journal.pone.0006387
Turner, 2007, The secret life of the multilocus sequence type, Int J Antimicrob Agents, 29, 129, 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2006.11.002
van Belkum, 2009, Reclassification of Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Carriage Types, J. Infect. Dis., 199, 1820, 10.1086/599119
Vandenesch, 2003, Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carrying Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes: worldwide emergence, Emerg Infect Dis, 9, 978, 10.3201/eid0908.030089
Vandenesch, 2012, Staphylococcus aureus Hemolysins, bi-component Leukocidins, and Cytolytic Peptides: A Redundant Arsenal of Membrane-Damaging Virulence Factors?, Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 2, 12, 10.3389/fcimb.2012.00012
Ventura, 2010, Identification of a novel Staphylococcus aureus two-component leukotoxin using cell surface proteomics, PLoS ONE, 5, e11634, 10.1371/journal.pone.0011634
Villaruz, 2009, A point mutation in the agr locus rather than expression of the Panton-Valentine leukocidin caused previously reported phenotypes in Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia and gene regulation, J. Infect. Dis., 200, 724, 10.1086/604728
von Eiff, 2004, Prevalence of genes encoding for members of the staphylococcal leukotoxin family among clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis., 49, 157, 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2004.03.009
Wang, 2007, Identification of novel cytolytic peptides as key virulence determinants for community-associated MRSA, Nat. Med., 13, 1510, 10.1038/nm1656
Wardenburg, 2011, Host-Pathogen Interactions in Staphylococcus aureus Lung Disease, Pediatr. Pulm., 137
Wertheim, 2005, The role of nasal carriage in Staphylococcus aureus infections, Lancet Infect Dis, 5, 751, 10.1016/S1473-3099(05)70295-4
White, 1989, The V beta-specific superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin B: stimulation of mature T cells and clonal deletion in neonatal mice, Cell, 56, 27, 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90980-X
Wilke, 2010, Role of a disintegrin and metalloprotease 10 in Staphylococcus aureus alpha-hemolysin-mediated cellular injury, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 107, 13473, 10.1073/pnas.1001815107
Wilson, 2011, A novel core genome-encoded superantigen contributes to lethality of community-associated MRSA necrotizing pneumonia, PLoS Pathog, 7, e1002271, 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002271
Xiong, 2006, Regulation of Staphylococcus aureus alpha-toxin gene (hla) expression by agr, sarA, and sae in vitro and in experimental infective endocarditis, J. Infect. Dis., 194, 1267, 10.1086/508210
Yamaguchi, 2000, Phage conversion of exfoliative toxin A production in Staphylococcus aureus, Mol. Microbiol., 38, 694, 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2000.02169.x
Yamaguchi, 2001, Complete nucleotide sequence of a Staphylococcus aureus exfoliative toxin B plasmid and identification of a novel ADP-ribosyltransferase, EDIN-C, Infect. Immun., 69, 7760, 10.1128/IAI.69.12.7760-7771.2001
Yamaguchi, 2002, Identification of the Staphylococcus aureus etd pathogenicity island which encodes a novel exfoliative toxin, ETD, and EDIN-B, Infect. Immun., 70, 5835, 10.1128/IAI.70.10.5835-5845.2002
Yarwood, 2000, Evidence for the involvement of bacterial superantigens in psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and Kawasaki syndrome, FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 192, 1, 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2000.tb09350.x
Yoshida, 1963, Staphylococcal delta-hemolysin. I. Purification and chemical properties, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 71, 544, 10.1016/0006-3002(63)91126-0
Zhang, 1998, The enterotoxin d plasmid of Staphylococcus aureus encodes a second enterotoxin determinant (sej), FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 168, 227, 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1998.tb13278.x
Zhang, 2011, Mucosal tissue polyclonal IgE is functional in response to allergen and SEB, Allergy, 66, 141, 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2010.02448.x
Zollner, 2000, Colonization with superantigen-producing Staphylococcus aureus is associated with increased severity of atopic dermatitis, Clin. Exp. Allergy, 30, 994, 10.1046/j.1365-2222.2000.00848.x
Zou, 2000, Prophage, phiPV83-pro, carrying Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes, on the Staphylococcus aureus P83 chromosome: comparative analysis of the genome structures of phiPV83-pro, phiPVL, phi11, and other phages, Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 64, 2631, 10.1271/bbb.64.2631