Standing genetic variation and compensatory evolution in transgenic organisms: a growth-enhanced salmon simulation

Abrahams MV, Pratt TC (2000) Hormonal manipulations of growth rate and its influence on predator avoidance—foraging trade-offs. Can J Zool 78:121–127 Abrahams MV, Sutterlin A (1999) The foraging and antipredator behaviour of growth-enhanced transgenic Atlantic salmon. Anim Behav 58:933–942 Aikio S, Valosaari KR, Kaitala V (2008) Mating preference in the invasion of growth enhanced fish. Oikos 117:406–414 Alatalo I, Haviola S, Saloniemi I (2008) Genetic background affects genetically modified ethylene sensing in birch-insect interaction. Botany-Botanique 86:988–994 Ali M, Nicieza A, Wootton RJ (2003) Compensatory growth in fishes: a response to growth depression. Fish Fish 4:147–190 Arendt JD (1997) Adaptive intrinsic growth rates: an integration across taxa. Quart Rev Biol 72:149–177 Bessey C, Devlin RH, Liley NR, Biagi CA (2004) Reproductive performance of growth-enhanced transgenic coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). Trans Amer Fish Soc 133:1205–1220 Biro PA, Abrahams MV, Post JR, Parkinson EA (2004) Predators select against high growth rates and risk-taking behaviour in domestic trout populations. Proc R Soc Lond B 271:2233–2237 Chaudhry AM, Marsh-Rollo SE, Aksenov V, Rollo CD, Szechtman H (2008) Modifier selection by transgenes: the case of growth hormone transgenesis and hyperactive circling mice. Evol Biol 35:267–286 Davis S, Fulford G (1999) Modelling the integration of a transgene by stocking. Theor Popul Biol 55:53–60 Davis SA, Catchpole EA, Pech RP (1999) Models for the introgression of a transgene into a wild population within a stochastic environment, with applications to pest control. Ecol Model 119:267–275 Dawson PS (1969) A conflict between Darwinian fitness and population fitness in Tribolium competition experiments. Genetics 62:413–419 Deitch EJ, Fletcher GL, Petersen LH, Costa IASF, Shears MA, Driedzic WR, Gamperl AK (2006) Cardiorespiratory modifications, and limitations, in post-smolt growth hormone transgenic Atlantic salmon Salmo salar. J Exp Biol 209:1310–1325 Devlin RH, Donaldson EM (1992) Containment of genetically altered fish with emphasis on salmonids. In: Hew CL, Fletcher GL (eds) Transgenic fish. World Scientific Press, Singapore, pp 229–265 Devlin RH, Yesaki TY, Biagi CA, Donaldson EM, Swanson P, Chan W-K (1994) Extraordinary salmon growth. Nature 371:209–210 Devlin RH, Yesaki TY, Donaldson EM, Hew CL (1995) Transmission and phenotypic effects of an antifreeze/GH gene construct in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). Aquaculture 137:161–170 Devlin RH, Swanson P, Clarke WC, Plisetskaya E, Dickhoff W, Moriyama S, Yesaki TY, Hew CL (2000) Seawater adaptability and hormone levels in growth-enhanced transgenic coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch. Aquaculture 191:367–385 Devlin RH, Biagi CA, Yesaki TY, Smailus DE, Byatt JC (2001) Growth of domesticated transgenic fish. Nature 409:781–782 Devlin RH, Biagi CA, Yesaki TY (2004a) Growth, viability and genetic characteristics of GH transgenic coho salmon strains. Aquaculture 236:607–632 Devlin RH, D’Andrade M, Uh M, Biagi CA (2004b) Population effects of growth hormone transgenic coho salmon depend on food availability and genotype by environment interactions. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 101:9303–9308 Devlin RH, Sundstrom LF, Muir WM (2006) Interface of biotechnology and ecology for environmental risk assessments of transgenic fish. Trends Biotechnol 24:89–97 Devlin RH, Sundström LF, Johnsson JI, Fleming IA, Hayes KR, Ojwang WO, Bambaradeniya C, Zakaraia-Ismail M (2007) Assessing ecological effects of transgenic fish prior to entry into nature. Chapter 6. In: Kapuscinski AR, Hayes KR, Li S, Dana G (eds) Environmental risk assessment of genetically modified organisms, volume 3: methodologies for transgenic fish. CABI International, Cambridge, pp 151–187 Devlin RH, Sakhrani D, Tymchuk WE, Rise ML, Goh B (2009) Domestication and growth hormone transgenesis cause similar changes in gene expression in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 106:3047–3052 Dickerson B, Wilson M, Bentzen P, Quinn T (2005) Heritability of life history and morphological traits in a wild pink salmon population assessed by DNA parentage analysis. Trans Am Fish Soc 134:1323–1328 Donaldson EM, Fagerlund UHM, Higgs DA, McBride JR (1979) Hormonal enhancement of growth. In: Hoar WS, Randall DJ, Brett JR (eds) Fish physiology: bioenergetics and growth. Academic Press, New York, pp 455–597 Dragani TA, Peissel B, Zanesi N, Aloisi A, Dai Y, Kato M, Suzuki H, Nakashima I (2000) Mapping of melanoma modifier loci in RET transgenic mice. Jpn J of Cancer Res 91:1142–1147 Du SJ, Gong Z, Fletcher GL, Shears MA, King MJ, Idler DR, Hew CL (1992) Growth enhancement in transgenic Atlantic salmon by use of an “all fish” chimeric growth hormone gene construct. Biotechnology 10:176–181 Eisen EJ, Fortman M, Chen WY, Kopchick JJ (1993) Effect of genetic background on growth of mice hemizygous for wild-type or dwarf mutated bovine growth hormone transgenes. Theor Appl Genet 87:161–169 Eisen EJ, Murray JD, Schmitt TJ (1995) An ovine-growth-hormone transgene model suitable for selection experiments for growth in mice. J Anim Breeding Genet 112:401–413 Engler P, Haasch D, Pinkert CA, Doglio L, Glymour M, Brinster R, Storb U (1991) A strain-specific modifier on mouse chromosome-4 controls the methylation of independent transgene loci. Cell 65:939–947 Farrell AP, Bennett W, Devlin RH (1997) Growth-enhanced transgenic salmon can be inferior swimmers. Can J Zool 75:335–337 Fleming IA (1998) Pattern and variability in the breeding system of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), with comparisons to other salmonids. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 55:59–76 Fleming I, Agustesson T, Finstad B, Johnsson J, Bjornsson B (2002) Effects of domestication on growth physiology and endocrinology of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Can J Fish Aquat Sci 59:1323–1330 Gall GAE, Huang N (1988) Heritability and selection schemes for rainbow trout body weight. Aquaculture 73:43–56 Gjedrem T (2000) Genetic improvement of cold-water fish species. Aqua Res 31:25–33 Groot C, Margolis L (1991) Pacific salmon life histories. UBC Press, Vancouver Gross MR (1991) Salmon breeding behavior and life history evolution in changing environments. Ecology 722:1180–1186 Hails RS, Morley K (2005) Genes invading new populations: a risk assessment perspective. Trends Ecol Evol 20:245–252 Haldane JBS (1957) The cost of natural selection. J Genet 55:511–524 Hamilton W (1967) Extraordinary sex ratios. Science 156:477–488 Hedrick PW (2001) Invasion of transgenes from salmon or other genetically modified organisms into natural populations. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 58:841–844 Hershberger WK, Myers JM, Iwamoto RN, Macauley WC, Saxton AM (1990) Genetic changes in the growth of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in marine net-pens, produced by ten years of selection. Aquaculture 85:1–4 Howard RD, DeWoody JA, Muir WM (2004) Transgenic male mating advantage provides opportunity for Trojan gene effect in a fish. Proc Nat Acad Sci 101:2934–2938 Huang YX, Magori K, Lloyd AL, Gould F (2007) Introducing desirable transgenes into insect populations using Y-linked meiotic drive—a theoretical assessment. Evolution 61:717–726 Jaenike J (2001) Sex chromosome meiotic drive. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 32:25–49 Jhingan E, Devlin RH, Iwama GK (2003) Disease resistance, stress response and effects of triploidy in growth hormone transgenic coho salmon. J Fish Biol 63:806–823 Kantachuvesiri S, Haley CS, Fleming S, Kurian K, Whitworth CE, Wenham P, Kotelevtsev Y, Mullins JJ (1999) Genetic mapping of modifier loci affecting malignant hypertension in TGRmRen2 rats. Kidney Int 56:414–420 Kapuscinski AR, Hallerman EM (1990) Transgenic fish and public policy: anticipating environmental impacts of transgenic fish. Fisheries 15(2):2–11 Kapuscinski A, Hard J, Paulson K, Neira R, Ponniah A, Kamonrat W, Mwanja W, Fleming I, Gallardo J, Devlin R, Trisak J (2007a) Approaches to assessing gene flow. Chapter 5. In: Kapuscinski AR, Hayes KR, Li S, Dana G (eds) Environmental risk assessment of genetically modified organisms, volume 3: methodologies for transgenic fish. CABI International, Cambridge, pp 151–187 Kapuscinski AR, Hayes KR, Li S, Dana G (2007b) Environmental risk assessment of genetically modified organisms. Vol 3. Methodologies for transgenic fish. CABI International, Oxfordshire Kitami T, Nadeau JH (2002) Biochemical networking contributes more to genetic buffering in human and mouse metabolic pathways than does gene duplication. Nat Genet 32:191–194 Leggatt RA, Devlin RH, Farrell AP, Randall DJ (2003) Oxygen uptake of growth hormone transgenic coho salmon during starvation and feeding. J Fish Biol 62:1053–1066 Lima SL, Dill LM (1990) Behavioral decisions made under the risk of predation: a review and prospectus. Can J Zool 68:619–640 Linder C (2001) The influence of genetic background on spontaneous and genetically engineered mouse models of complex diseases. Lab Animal 30:34–39 Maclean N, Laight RJ (2000) Transgenic fish. An evaluation of benefits and risks. Fish Fish 1:146–172 Martinez R, Estrada MP, Berlanga J, Guillen I, Hernandez O, Pimentel R, Morales R, Herrera F, Fuente J et al (1996) Growth enhancement in transgenic tilapia by ectopic expression of tilapia growth hormone. Mol Mar Biol Biotechnol 5:62–70 McClelland EK, Myers JM, Hard JJ, Park LK, Naish KA (2005) Two generations of outbreeding in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch): Effects on size and growth. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 62:2538–2547 Metz AV, Chynoweth J, Allan AM (2006) Influence of genetic background on alcohol drinking and behavioral phenotypes of 5-HT3 receptor over-expressing mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 84:120–127 Muir WM, Howard RD (1999) Possible ecological risks of transgenic organism release when transgenes affect mating success: Sexual selection and the Trojan gene hypothesis. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 96:13853–13856 Muir WM, Howard RD (2001) Fitness components and ecological risk of transgenic release: a model using Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). Am Nat 158:1–16 Muir WM, Howard RD (2002) Assessment of possible ecological risks and hazards of transgenic fish with implications for other sexually reproducing organisms. Transgenic Res 11:101–114 Nadeau JH (2001) Modifier genes in mice and humans. Nature Rev Genet 2:165–174 Nam YK, Cho HJ, Cho YS, Noh JK, Kim CG, Kim DS (2001) Accelerated growth, gigantism and likely sterility in autotransgenic triploid mud loach Misgurnus mizolepis. J World Aquac Soc 32:353–363 Nielsen L, Gurnami M, Catino J, Tyler R (1995) In Wap-Ras transgenic mice, tumour phenotype but not cyclophosphamide-sensitivity is affected by genetic background. Anticancer Res 15:385–392 Ostenfeld TH, McLean E, Devlin RH (1998) Transgenesis changes body and head shape in Pacific salmon. J Fish Biol 52:850–854 Parisi MA, Baldessari AE, Iida MHK, Clarke CM, Doggett B, Shirasawa S, Kapur RP (2003) Genetic background modifies intestinal pseudo-obstruction and the expression of a reporter gene in Hox11L1-/- mice. Gastroenterology 125:1428–1440 Pitkanen TI, Krasnov A, Teerijoki H, Moelsae H (1999) Transfer of growth hormone (GH) transgenes into Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus L.) I. Growth response to various GH constructs. Genet Anal Biomol Eng 15:91–98 Rahman MA, Mak R, Ayad H, Smith A, Maclean N (1998) Expression of a novel piscine growth hormone gene results in growth enhancement in transgenic tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Transgen Res 7:357–369 Raven PA, Uh M, Sakhrani D, Beckman BR, Cooper K, Pinter J, Leder E, Silverstein J, Devlin RH (2008) Endocrine effects of growth hormone overexpression in transgenic coho salmon. Gen Comp Edocrinol 159:26–37 Reichhardt T (2000) Will souped up salmon sink or swim? Nature 406:10–12 Robertson A, Perea J, Tolmachova T, Thomas PK, Huxley C (2002) Effects of mouse strain, position of integration and tetracycline analogue on the tetracycline conditional system in transgenic mice. Gene 282:65–74 Saunders RL, Fletcher GL, Hew CL (1998) Smolt development in growth hormone transgenic Atlantic salmon. Aquaculture 168:177–194 Siewerdt F, Eisen EJ, Conrad-Brink JS, Murray JD (1998) Gene action of the oMt1a-oGH transgene in two lines of mice with distinct selection backgrounds. J Anim Breed Genet 115:211–226 Siewerdt F, Eisen EJ, Murray JD, Parker IJ (2000) Response to 13 generations of selection for increased 8-week body weight in lines of mice carrying a sheep growth hormone-based transgene. J Anim Sci 78:832–845 Smoker WW, Gharrett AJ, Stekoll MS, Joyce JE (1994) Genetic analysis of size in an anadromous population of pink salmon. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 51:9–15 Stevens ED, Devlin RH (2000) Intestinal morphology in growth hormone transgenic coho salmon. J Fish Biol 56:191–195 Stokstad E (2002) Engineered fish: friend or foe of the environment? Science 297:1797–1799 Sundström LF, Lohmus M, Johnsson JI, Devlin RH (2004) Growth hormone transgenic salmon pay for growth potential with increased predation mortality. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Lett 271:350–352 Sundström LF, Lohmus M, Devlin RH (2005) Selection on increased intrinsic growth rates in coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch. Evolution 59:1560–1569 Sundström LF, Lohmus M, Tymchuk WE, Devlin RH (2007) Gene-environment interactions influence ecological consequences of transgenic animals. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 104:3889–3894 Sundt-Hansen L, Sundstrom LF, Einum S, Hindar K, Fleming IA, Devlin RH (2007) Genetically enhanced growth causes increased mortality in hypoxic environments. Biol Lett 3(2):165–168 Suzuki M, Carlson KM, Marchuk DA, Rockman HA (2002) Genetic modifier loci affecting survival and cardiac function in murine dilated cardiomyopathy. Circulation 105:1824–1829 Tiedje JM, Colwell RK, Grossman YL, Hodson RE, Lenski RE, Mack RN, Regal PJ (1989) The planned introduction of genetically engineered organisms: ecological considerations and recommendations. Ecology 70:298–315 Tymchuk WE, Devlin RH (2005) Growth differences among first and second generation hybrids of domesticated and wild rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture 245:295–300 Tymchuk WE, Abrahams MV, Devlin RH (2005) Competitive ability and mortality of growth-enhanced transgenic coho salmon fry and parr when foraging for food. Trans Am Fish Soc 134:381–389 Tymchuk WE, Biagi C, Withler RE, Devlin RH (2006) Impact of domestication on growth and behaviour of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Trans Am Fish Soc 135:442–455 Tymchuk WE, Sundström LF, Devlin RH (2007) Growth and survival tradeoffs leading to outbreeding depression in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Evolution (in press) Tymchuk WE, Beckman B, Devlin RH (2009) Domestication in fish has genetically altered the expression of hormones involved in the GH / IGF-I growth axis. Endocrinology 150:1809–1816 Valenza-Schaerly P, Pickard B, Walter J, Jung M, Pourcel L, Reik W, Gauguier D, Vergnaud G, Pourcel C (2001) A dominant modifier of transgene methylation is mapped by QTL analysis to mouse chromosome 13. Genome Res 11:382–388 Valosaari K-R, Aikio S, Kaitala V (2008) Male mating strategy and the introgression of a growth hormone transgene. Evol Appl 1:608–619 Venugopal T, Anathy V, Kirankumar S, Pandian TJ (2004) Growth enhancement and food conversion efficiency of transgenic fish Labeo rohita. J Exp Zool 301:477–490 Weichman K, Chaillet JR (1997) Phenotypic variation in a genetically identical population of mice. Mol Cell Biol 17:5269–5274 Weng A, Magnuson T, Storb U (1995) Strain-specific transgene methylation occurs early in mouse development and can be recapitulated in embryonic stem-cells. Development 121:2853–2859 Zhu Z, Li G, He L, Chen S (1985) Novel gene transfer into the fertilized eggs of gold fish (Carassius auratus L. 1758). J Appl Ichthyol 1:31–34