Standardization of in vitro assays to evaluate the activity of polyherbal siddha formulations against Chikungunya virus infection

Robinson MC. An epidemic of virus disease in Southern Province, Tanganyika Territory, in 1952–53. I. Clinical features. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1955;49(1):28–32.

Gerardin P, Guernier V, Perrau J, Fianu A, Le Roux K, Grivard P, et al. Estimating Chikungunya prevalence in La Reunion Island outbreak by serosurveys: two methods for two critical times of the epidemic. BMC Infect Dis. 2008;8:99. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-8-99.

Mavalankar D, Shastri P, Raman P. Chikungunya epidemic in India: a major public-health disaster. Lancet Infect Dis. 2007;7(5):306–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(07)70091-9.

Rezza G, Nicoletti L, Angelini R, Romi R, Finarelli AC, Panning M, et al. Infection with chikungunya virus in Italy: an outbreak in a temperate region. Lancet. 2007;370(9602):1840–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61779-6.

Zheng K, Li J, Zhang Q, Liang M, Li C, Lin M, et al. Genetic analysis of chikungunya viruses imported to mainland China in 2008. Virol J. 2010;7:8. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-422X-7-8.

Volk SM, Chen R, Tsetsarkin KA, Adams AP, Garcia TI, Sall AA, et al. Genome-scale phylogenetic analyses of chikungunya virus reveal independent emergences of recent epidemics and various evolutionary rates. J Virol. 2010;84(13):6497–504. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01603-09.

Hochedez P, Jaureguiberry S, Debruyne M, Bossi P, Hausfater P, Brucker G, et al. Chikungunya infection in travelers. Emerg Infect Dis. 2006;12(10):1565–7. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1210.060495.

Miner JJ, Aw-Yeang HX, Fox JM, Taffner S, Malkova ON, Oh ST, et al. Chikungunya viral arthritis in the United States: a mimic of seronegative rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2015;67(5):1214–20. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.39027.

Jain J, Nayak K, Tanwar N, Gaind R, Gupta B, Shastri JS, et al. Clinical, serological and virological analysis of 572 chikungunya patients during the years 2010–2013 from India. Clin Infect Dis. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/cix283.

Brighton SW, Prozesky OW, de la Harpe AL. Chikungunya virus infection. A retrospective study of 107 cases. S Afr Med J. 1983;63(9):313–5.

Staples JE, Breiman RF, Powers AM. Chikungunya fever: an epidemiological review of a re-emerging infectious disease. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;49(6):942–8.

Borgherini G, Poubeau P, Staikowsky F, Lory M, Le Moullec N, Becquart JP, et al. Outbreak of chikungunya on Reunion Island: early clinical and laboratory features in 157 adult patients. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;44(11):1401–7. https://doi.org/10.1086/517537.

Borgherini G, Poubeau P, Jossaume A, Gouix A, Cotte L, Michault A, et al. Persistent arthralgia associated with chikungunya virus: a study of 88 adult patients on reunion island. Clin Infect Dis. 2008;47(4):469–75. https://doi.org/10.1086/590003.

Schilte C, Staikowsky F, Couderc T, Madec Y, Carpentier F, Kassab S, et al. Chikungunya virus-associated long-term arthralgia: a 36-month prospective longitudinal study. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2013;7(3):e2137. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002137.

Jain J, Dubey SK, Shrinet J, Sunil S. Dengue Chikungunya co-infection: a live-in relationship? Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.02.008.

Thirunarayanan T. An introduction to siddha medicine. Tiruchendur: Thirukumaran Publishers; 1981.

Subbarayappa B. Siddha medicine: an overview. The Lancet. 1997;350(9094):1841.

Lavekar G, Padhi M. Management of chikungunya through ayurveda and siddha a technical_report. New Delhi: Central Council for Research in Ayurveda and Siddha; 2009.

Lavekar G, Padhi M. Management of chikungunya through ayurveda and siddha: a technical report. New Delhi: Central Council for Research in Ayurveda and Siddha; 2007. p. 28–44.

Anbarasu K, Manisenthil KK, Ramachandran S. Antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of nilavembu kudineer choornam: a classical preparation used in the treatment of chikungunya fever. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2011;4(10):819–23.

Murugan R, Vembu T, Kumarswamy M. Toxicological study of a siddha sastric formulation arumuga chendhuram in rat model. J Appl Pharm Sci. 2016;6(3):81–87.

Manickavasakam K. Acute and sub acute toxicity studies on Sarva Noi Linga Chenduram in rodents. Int J Curr Res Chem Pharm Sci. 2017;4(2):13–18.

Ramya Devi D, Sandhya P, Malarvizhi K, Subashri S, Abinaya M, Vedha Hari B. Development of ayurvedic and siddha medicine through the application of modern pharmaceutical technique. Curr Trends Biotechnol Pharm. 673

Shrinet J, Jain S, Sharma A, Singh SS, Mathur K, Rana V, et al. Genetic characterization of Chikungunya virus from New Delhi reveal emergence of a new molecular signature in Indian isolates. Virol J. 2012;9(1):100.

Lemm JA, Durbin RK, Stollar V, Rice CM. Mutations which alter the level or structure of nsP4 can affect the efficiency of Sindbis virus replication in a host-dependent manner. J Virol. 1990;64(6):3001–11.

Sourisseau M, Schilte C, Casartelli N, Trouillet C, Guivel-Benhassine F, Rudnicka D, et al. Characterization of reemerging chikungunya virus. PLoS Pathog. 2007;3(6):e89. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.0030089.

Kaur P, Thiruchelvan M, Lee RC, Chen H, Chen KC, Ng ML, et al. Inhibition of chikungunya virus replication by harringtonine, a novel antiviral that suppresses viral protein expression. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013;57(1):155–67. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.01467-12.