Stamen movements in flowers ofOpuntia (Cactaceae) favour oligolectic pollinators

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 204 Số 3 - Trang 179-193 - 1997
Schlindwein, Clemens1,2, Wittmann, Dieter1,2
1Institut für Landwirtschaftliche Zoologie und Bienenkunde, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
2Instituto de Biociências, PUC-RS, Porto Alegre, Brazil

Tóm tắt

Opuntia brunneogemmia andO. viridirubra occur sympatrically in the Serra do Sudeste, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Their flowers have 450–600 thigmonastic stamens and provide large amounts of pollen and nectar for bees. Bees of 41 species were registered at the flowers ofO. brunneogemmia and 30 at the flowers ofO. viridirubra. Females of three oligolectic species are the only effective pollinators:Ptilothrix fructifera (Anthophoridae),Lithurgus rufiventris (Megachilidae), andCephalocolletes rugata (Colletidae). During their visits inOpuntia-flowers, bees touch the filaments and stimulate the movement of the stamens to the centre of the flower. At the end of this movement, the anthers are densely packed around the style. As a consequence the pollen is presented in an easily accessible upper layer of anthers and various, nearly inaccessible lower layers. The lower layers contain about 80% of the pollen reward. Only females of the three oligolectic pollinators exploit the pollen from the lower layers and reach the nectar furrow. Therefore, through their stamen movements,Opuntia flowers hide most of their pollen from flower visitors but favour effectively pollinating, oligolectic bees.

Tài liệu tham khảo

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