Speciated hydrocarbon emissions from a gas-fuelled spark-ignition engine with various operating parameters

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering - Tập 214 Số 7 - Trang 795-808 - 2000
Cu Kim1, Choongsik Bae1
1Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering Taejon, Korea

Tóm tắt

For natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), measurements of the concentrations of individual exhaust hydrocarbon (HC) species have been made under various engine operating conditions in a 2 litre four-cylinder engine using gas chromatography. Non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC) in addition to the species of HC and other emissions such as CO2, CO and NOx were examined for natural gas and LPG at 1800 r/min for two compression ratios (8.6 and 10.6), various brake mean effective pressure (b.m.e.p.) values (250-800 kPa), spark timings (before top dead centre 10°-55°) and exhaust gas recirculation ratios up to 7 per cent. Fuel conversion efficiencies were also investigated together with emissions to study the effect of engine parameters on the combustion performance in gas engines, especially under the lean burn conditions. It was found that CO2 emission decreased with smaller C value of fuel, leaner mixture strength, higher compression ratio, higher b.m.e.p. and the ignition near the maximum brake torque spark timing. HC emissions from the LPG engine consisted primarily of propane (C3 H8) (more than 60 per cent), ethylene and propylene (C3 H6), while the main emissions from natural gas were methane (more than 60 per cent), ethane, ethylene and propane. Natural gas was shown to have less of a tendency to form ozone than LPG. This was accomplished by reducing the emissions of propylene, which has a relatively high maximum incremental reactivity factor, and propane, which forms a large portion of LPG. In addition, natural gas shows a benefit in the other emissions (i.e. NMHC, NOx and CO2), specific reactivity and brake specific reactivity values except fuel conversion efficiency.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Kaiser E. W., Siegl W. O., Anderson R. W. Fuel structure and nature of engine-out emissions. SAE paper 941960, 1994.

Kaiser E. W., Siegl W. O., Trinker F. H., Cotton D. F., Cheng W. K., Drobot K. Effect of engine operating parameters on hydrocarbon oxidation in the exhaust port and runner of a SI engine. SAE paper 950159, 1995.

Jensen T. E., Siegl W. O., Richert J. F. O., Lipari F., Loo J. F., Prostak A., Sigsby J. E. Advanced emission speciation methodologies for the auto/oil air quality improvement research program—I. Hydrocarbons and others. SAE paper 920320, 1992.

Siegl W. O., Richert J. F. O., Jensen T. E., Schuetzle D., Swarin S.J., Loo J. F., Prostak A., Nagy D., Schlenker A. M. Improved emissions speciation methodology for phase II of the auto/oil air quality improvement research program—hydrocarbons and oxygenates. SAE paper 930142, 1993.

10.1126/science.247.4939.201

Weaver C. S., Austine T. C., Rubenstein G. S. Ozone benefits of alternative fuels; a reevaluation based on actual emissions data and updated reactivity factors. Sierra Research, 13 April 1990.

Hirita T., Kojima K., Yakushiji K., Inoue T. Effects of exhaust emission control devices and fuel composition on speciated emissions of SI engine. SAE paper 922180, 1992.

10.1080/00102208308923660

Poulsen J. H., Wallace J. S. Operating parameter effects on the speciated hydrocarbon emissions from a natural gas fueled engine. SAE paper 942007, 1994.

Whitney K. A., Bailey B. K. Determination of combustion products from alternative fuels—part I: LPG and CNG combustion products. SAE paper 941903, 1994.

Russ S. G., Kaiser E. W., Siegl W. O., Podsiadlik D. H., Barrett K. M. Compression ratio and coolant temperature effects on HC emissions from a SI engine. SAE paper 950163, 1995.

10.1016/0010-2180(94)90149-X

Kubo S., Yamamoto M., Kizaki Y., Yamazaki S., Tamaka T., Nakanishi K. Speciated hydrocarbon emissions of SI engine during cold start and warm-up. SAE paper 932706, 1993.

Heywood J. B., 1989, Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals

Fleming R. D., O'Neal G. B. Potential for improving the efficiency of an SI engine for natural gas fuel. SAE paper 852073, 1983.

Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering

Tập 214 Số 7

795-808

Thông tin tác giả