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Mô hình không gian và tạm thời của ung thư đại trực tràng ở Châu Á, 1990–2019
Tóm tắt
Châu Á chịu gánh nặng lớn nhất về ung thư đại trực tràng (CRC) trên toàn cầu. Nghiên cứu này khảo sát các mô hình tạm thời của CRC ở Châu Á trong ba thập kỷ qua. Dữ liệu liên quan đến gánh nặng CRC được đo bằng tỷ lệ mắc, tỷ lệ tử vong và số năm sống điều chỉnh theo khuyết tật (DALYs) cùng với các yếu tố nguy cơ cho 49 quốc gia trên lục địa châu Á đã được thu thập từ nghiên cứu Gánh nặng Bệnh tật toàn cầu năm 2019 trong khoảng thời gian từ 1990 đến 2019. Tỷ lệ tử vong trên tỷ lệ mắc (MIR) được sử dụng như một chỉ số thay thế cho tỷ lệ sống sót 5 năm. Ở Châu Á, số ca mắc mới đã tăng hơn ba lần từ 270,851 lên 1.1 triệu, số ca tử vong tăng ba lần từ 183,252 lên 560,426, và DALYs đã tăng hơn gấp đôi từ 5 triệu lên 13.4 triệu trong giai đoạn 1990 đến 2019. Tỷ lệ mắc chuẩn theo độ tuổi (ASIR) tăng từ 14.0/100,000 lên 23.9/100,000, tỷ lệ tử vong chuẩn theo độ tuổi (ASMR) tăng từ 10.1/100,000 lên 12.5/100,000, và MIR giảm từ 0.68 xuống 0.50 trong giai đoạn 1990 đến 2019. ASIR biến thiên gấp 10 lần giữa các quốc gia, từ 5.6/100,000 ở Bangladesh đến 62.0/100,000 ở Đài Loan trong năm 2019 và ASMR từ 4.9/1000 ở Bangladesh đến 30.3/100,000 ở Brunei. Trong năm 2019, chế độ ăn ít sữa (18.7%) và ngũ cốc nguyên hạt (15.2%) cũng như canxi (16.6%) là các yếu tố nguy cơ chính góp phần vào DALYs của CRC. CRC là một khối u đang gia tăng nhanh chóng ở Châu Á và gánh nặng của nó có thể được giảm bớt bằng cách tập trung vào phòng ngừa nguyên phát (ví dụ: chế độ ăn uống và hoạt động thể chất) và phòng ngừa thứ phát thông qua sàng lọc. Sự chú ý và nguồn lực chính sách phải được hướng đến việc xây dựng năng lực, bao gồm cơ sở hạ tầng về ung thư và khả năng cung cấp dữ liệu chất lượng từ các đăng ký ung thư.
Từ khóa
#ung thư đại trực tràng #gánh nặng bệnh tật #tỷ lệ mắc #tỷ lệ tử vong #năm sống điều chỉnh theo khuyết tật #yếu tố nguy cơ #phòng ngừa #chính sách y tếTài liệu tham khảo
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