Sonochemically synthesized Na2Ti6O13 nanorod: an efficient electrode material for Na-ion battery

A simple cost-effective wet synthesis route has been proposed for synthesis of Na2Ti6O13, which is an efficient anode material that can be used for 1–3 volt batteries. The material has been synthesized by sonochemical route, which offers two distinct features: (1) energy-savvy (green) synthesis by significantly lowering the final calcination temperature and duration, and (2) formation of uniform and nano-scale particles suitable for battery application. The sonochemical synthesis was carried out at 20 kHz–500 W by applying sonication for 30 min at 25°C, using precursors (NaOH:TiO2) in a molar ratio of 6:1 followed by calcination at 750°C for 1 h in air. This material showed excellent reversible electrochemical performance (up to 93% retention) and offers reversible capacity around 40 mAh g−1 acting to be 0.82 V anode for Na-ion battery.