Some thoughts on the mechanisms of in-reactor corrosion of zirconium alloys
Tóm tắt
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
H.G. Rickover, L.D. Geiger, B. Lustman, History of the development of zirconium alloys for use in nuclear reactors, US Report, Division of Naval Reactors, Washington, DC, TID-26740, March 1975
D.E. Thomas, in: B. Lustman, F. Kerze (Eds.), Metallurgy of Zirconium, Vol. VIII-4, McGraw-Hill, National Nuclear Energy Series, New York, 1955 (Chapter 11, Pt. II)
Zaimovskii, 1994
S. Kass, in: Proceedings of the Symposium on the Corrosion of Zirconium Alloys, New York, ASTM-STP-368, American Soc. for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA, 1963, p. 3040
B. Cox, in: M.G. Fontana, R.W. Staehle (Eds.), Advances in Corrosion Science and Technology, Vol. 5, Plenum, NY, 1976, p. 173
B. Wadman, Mechanics of Uniform Corrosion of Zirconium Alloys in Water and Steam, Phd thesis, Chalmers Univ., Göteborg, Sweden, 1993
D. Lim, N.A. Graham, D.O. Northwood, The degradation of zirconium alloys in nuclear reactors – a review, Canadian Report, Atomic Energy Control Board, Ottawa (Now Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission) INFO-0174, January 1986
Corrosion of zirconium alloys in nuclear power plants, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria, TECDOC-684, January 1993
C. Lemaignan, A.T. Motta, Zirconium Alloys in Nuclear Applications, Materials Science and Technology, Nuclear Materials Pt. 2, VCH Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Weinheim, Ger. 10B, 1995
Waterside corrosion of zirconium alloys in nuclear power plants, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria, TECDOC-996, 1998
H. Bailly, D. Ménessier, C. Prunier (Eds.), The Nuclear Fuel of Pressurized Water Reactors and Fast Reactors: Design and Behaviour, Collection du Commissariat á L’Énergie Atomique, English Edition, Intercept, Andover, Hants, UK, 1999
J.N. Wanklyn, in: Proceedings of the Symposium on the Corrosion of Zirconium Alloys, New York, ASTM-STP-368, American Soc. for Testing and Materials, Nov. 1963, p. 58
Cox, 1969, J. Aust. Inst. Metals, 14, 123
R.D. Misch, C. van Drunen, in: Proceedings of the USAEC Symposium on Zirconium Alloy Development, Castlewood, CA, US Report GEAP-4089, Vol. II, November 1962, Paper 15
B. Cox, The Effects of Some Alloying Additions on the Oxidation of Zirconium in Steam, UK Report, AERE-R4458, UK Atomic Energy Authority, Harwell, 1963
D. Charquet, R. Hahn, E. Ortlieb, J.-P. Gros, J.-F. Wadier, in: L.F.P. van Swam, C.M. Eucken (Eds.), Proceedings of 8th International Symposium on Zr in the Nuclear Industry, San Diego, CA, ASTM-STP-1023, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA, USA, 1989, p. 405
R.S. Ambartsumyan, A.A. Kisilev, R.V. Grebenikov, V.A. Myshkin, L.J. Tsuprun, A.V. Nikulina, in: Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy, Vol. 6, Geneva, CH, United Nations, NY, 1958, p. 12
V.A. Tsykanov, E.F. Davidov, B.F. Samsonov, V.K. Zhamardin, A.B. Andreeva, V.S. Belokopikov, A.G. Finiko, G.I. Maerzhina, A.V. Nikulina, V.Th. Tonkoy, M.B. Fiventskii, A.S. Sotnikov, in: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Reactor Materials Behaviour, Vol. 6, Alushta ’78, Atominform, Moscow, 1978, p. 261
Cox, 1995, J. Nucl. Mater., 223, 209
Hauffe, 1965
S.B. Dalgaard, Transference Numbers and Their Relation to In-Reactor Oxidation of Zirconium, Canadian Report, AECL-2066 Atomic Energy of Canada, Chalk River, ON, 1964
W. Hübner, B. Cox, Electrochemical Properties and Oxidation of some Zirconium Alloys in Molten Salt at 300–500 °C, Canadian Report, AECL-4431, Atomic Energy of Canada, Chalk River, ON, 1973
Cox, 1966, Electrochem. Tech., 4, 121
R.A. Ploc, The Interpretation of a Transmission Electron Diffraction Pattern from Thin (⩽2000 Å) ZrO2 Films, Canadian Report, AECL-2794, Atomic Energy of Canada, Chalk River, ON, 1967
A.T. Donaldson, H.E. Evans, Oxidation-induced Creep in Zircaloy-2, Pts I–III, UK Reports, RD/T/N4855, 4952 and 4976, Central Electricity Generating Board, Berkeley Nuclear Labs, Berkeley, UK, 1980
V. Urbanic, M. Griffiths, in: G.P. Sabol, G.D. Moan (Eds.), Proceedings of 12th International Symposium on Zr in the Nuclear Industry, Toronto, ON, Canada, ASTM-STP-1354, American Soc. for Testing and Mater., W. Conshohocken, PA, 2000, p. 641
K. Takeda, H. Anada, in: G.P. Sabol, G.D. Moan (Eds.), Proceedings of 12th International Symposium on Zr in the Nuclear Industry, Toronto, ON, Canada, ASTM-STP-1354, p. 592; K. Takeda, H. Anada, in: 11th International Symposium on Zr in the Nuclear Industry, Baltimore, MD, USA, ASTM-STP-1295. American Soc. For Testing and Mater. W. Conshohocken, PA, 1996, p. 35
H.-J. Beie, A. Mitwalsky, F. Garzarolli, H. Ruhmann, H.-J. Sell, in: A.M. Garde, E.R. Bradley (Eds.), Proceedings of 10th International Symposium on Zr in the Nuclear Industry, Baltimore, MD, USA, ASTM-STP-1245, American Soc. for Testing and Mater., Philadelphia, PA, 1994, p. 615
B. Wadman, Z. Lai, H.-O. Andrén, A.-L. Nyström, P. Rudling, H. Pettersson, in: A.M. Garde, E.R. Bradley (Eds.), Proceedings of 10th International Symposium on Zr in the Nuclear Industry, Baltimore, MD, USA, ASTM-STP-1245, p. 579
R.A. Ploc, S.B. Newcomb, in: Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Microscopy of Oxidation, Trinity Hall, Cambridge, UK, Inst. of Materials, London September 1996, p. 475
J. Godlewski, P. Bouvier, G. Lucazeau, L. Fayette, in: G.P. Sabol, G.D. Moan (Eds.), Proceedings of 12th International Symposium on Zr in the Nuclear Industry, Toronto, ON, Canada, ASTM-STP-1354, American Soc. for Testing and Mater., W. Conshohocken, PA, USA, 2000, p. 877 (and Refs. therein)
Papers on ZrO2 phase transformations in Section 1, in: Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on the Sci. and Tech. of Zirconia (Zirconia ’83), Stuttgart, Germany, Adv. in Ceramics, Vol. 12, Amer. Ceram. Soc., Columbus, OH, USA, 1983, p. 1
Y. Ishii, J.M. Sykes, in: Proceedings of 4th International Conference on Microscopy of Oxidation, Trinity Hall, Cambridge, UK, Science Reviews, 2000, Inst. of Physics, London, 1999, p. 23
M.A. Maguire, in: Proceedings of 9th International Symposium on the Environmental Degradation of Materials in Nuclear Power Systems, Newport Beach, CA, USA, 1999
Hirano, 1992, Brit. Ceram. Trans. J., 91, 139
Yoshimura, 1988, Ceram. Bull., 67, 1950
J. Godlewski, in: A.M. Garde, E.R. Bradley (Eds.), Proceedings of 10th International symposium on Zr in the Nuclear Industry, Baltimore, MD, USA, ASTM-STP-1245, American Society for Testing and Mater., Philadelphia, PA, USA, 1994, p. 663
B. Cox, M. Ungurelu, Y.-M. Wong, C. Wu, in: E.R. Bradley, G.P. Sabol (Eds.), Proceedings of 11th International Symposium on Zr in the Nuclear Industry, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, ASTM-STP-1295, American Society for Testing and Mater., W. Conshohocken, PA, USA, 1996, p. 114
D.T. Foord, S.B. Newcomb, in: Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Microscopy of Oxidation, Trinity Hall, Cambridge, UK, Inst. of Materials, London, 1996, p. 488
A.M. Garde, G.P. Smith, R.C. Pirek, in: E.R. Bradley, G.P. Sabol (Eds.), Proceedings of 11th International Symposium on Zr in the Nucl. Industry, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, ASTM-STP-1295 (see Table 6), American Society for Testing and Mater., W. Conshohocken, PA, USA, 1996, p. 407
T. Kido, in: R.E. Gold, E.P. Simmons (Eds.), Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Environmental Degradation of Materials in Nuclear Power Systems – Water Reactors, San Diego, CA, USA, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA, USA, 1988, p. 449
M. Blat, L. Legras, D. Noel, H. Amanrich, in: G.P. Sabol, G.D. Moan (Eds.), Proceedings of 12th International Symposium on Zr in the Nuclear Industry, Toronto, ON, Canada, ASTM-STP-1354, American Soc. for Testing and Mater., W. Conshohocken, PA, USA, 2000, p. 563
A. van der Linde, A.C. Letsch, E.M. Hornsveld, Some Observations on Pitting Corrosion in the Zircaloy Cladding of Fuel Pins Irradiated in a PWR Loop, Netherlands Report, ECN-51 Netherlands Energy Research Foundation, Petten Nov. 1978
F.H. Krenz, A Preliminary Study of the Effects of Added Fluoride on the Corrosion of Zr-2 in Water at 300 °C, Canadian Report, AECL-1507, Atomic Energy of Canada, Chalk River, ON, March 1962
L.F.P. van Swam, S.H. Shann, in: C.M. Eucken, A.M. Garde (Eds.), Proceedings of 9th International Symposium on Zr in the Nuclear Industry, Kobe, Jp, ASTM-STP-1132, American Soc. for Testing and Mater., Philadelphia, PA, USA, 1991, p. 758
F.W. Trowse, R. Sumerling, A. Garlick, in: A.L. Lowe Jr., G.W. Parry (Eds.), Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Zr in the Nuclear Industry, Québec City, PQ, Canada, ASTM-STP-633, American Society for Testing and Mater., Philadelphia, PA, USA, 1977, p. 236
W. Goll, I. Rey, in: Proceedings of 13th International Symposium on Zr. in the Nucl. Industry, Annecy, Fr, ASTM-STP-1423, American Society for Testing and Mater., W. Conshohocken, PA, USA, 2001, p. 80
J.-S.F. Chen, R.B. Adamson, in: Proceedings of International Topical Meeting on LWR Fuel Performance, W. Palm Beach, FL, American Nuclear Soc., La Grange Pk, IL, USA, 1994, p. 309
B. Cox, R. Beauregard, D.R. O’Boyle, Corrosion Observations of Two Zircaloy-4 Fuel Channels and the Associated Fuel Cladding, US Report EPRI-NP-6515, Appendix D, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA, 1989
H.-U. Zwicky, H. Loner, B. Andersson, C.-G. Wiktor, J. Harbottle, in: Proceedings of International Topical Meeting on LWR Fuel Performance, Vol. 1, Park City UT, American Nuclear Soc. La Grange Pk, IL, USA, 2000, p. 459
R. Sumerling, A. Garlick, A. Stuttard, J.M. Hartog, F.W. Trowse, P. Sims, in: J.H. Schemel, T.P. Papazoglou (Eds.), Proceedings of 4th International Conference on Zr in the Nuclear Industry, Stratford-upon-Avon, UK, ASTM-STP-681, American Society for Testing and Mater., Philadelphia, PA, 1979, p. 107
A. Chatelain, B. Andersson, R.-G. Ballinger, G. Wikmark, in: Proceedings of International Topical Meeting on LWR Fuel Performance, Vol. 1, Park City UT, American Nuclear Soc. La Grange Pk, IL, USA, 2000, p. 485
X. Iltis, F. Lefebvre, C. Lemaignan, in: E.R. Bradley, G.P. Sabol (Eds.), Proceedings of 11th International Symposium on Zr in the Nuclear Industry, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, ASTM-STP-1295, American Society for Testing and Mater., W. Conshohocken, PA, USA, 1996, p. 242
J.A. Spitznagel, L.R. Fleischer, W.J. Choyke, in: Proceedings of International Conference on Applications of Ion Beams to Metals, Albuquerque, NM, 1973, p. 87
O.T. Woo, G.M. McDougall, R.M. Hutchinson, V.F. Urbanic, M.Griffiths, C.E. Coleman, in: G.P. Sabol, G.D. Moan (Eds.), Proceedings of 12th International Symposium on Zr in the Nuclear Industry, Toronto, ON, Canada, ASTM-STP-1354, American Soc. for Testing and Mater., W. Conshohocken, PA, 2000, p. 709
G.J. Jenks, J.E. Baker, M.D. Silverman, Chemical Aspects of Corrosion of Zircaloy-2, US Report, ORNL-3262, Chapter 9, Oak Ridge Nat. Lab., Chemistry Div. Annual Rep. to 31/01/1962, p. 80
B. Cox, V. Fidleris, in: L.F.P. van Swam, C.M. Eucken (Eds.), Proceedings of 8th International Symposium on Zr in the Nuclear Industry, San Diego, CA, ASTM-STP-1023, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA, USA, 1989, p. 245
Somiya, 1989
O.T. Woo, Y-P. Lin, D. Khatamian, in: Proceedings of 5th International Conference on Microscopy in Oxidation, Limerick, Eire, Aug. 2002, Sci. Revs. Materials at High Temperatures, Vol. 20 (2003) 593
V.G. Kritsky, N.G. Petrik, I.G. Berezina, V.V. Doilnitsina, in: Proceedings of IAEA Tech. Comm. Meeting, Řež, Czech Rep., October 1993, IAEA-TECDOC-927, p. 23
N. Ramasubramanian, P. Billot, S. Yagnik, in: Proceedings of 13th International Symposium on Zr in the Nuclear Industry, Annecy, Fr, ASTM-STP-1423, American Soc. for Testing and Materials, W. Conshohocken, PA, USA, 2001, p. 222
Johnson, 1958, Trans. AIME, 212, 13
H.R. Peters, J.L. Harlow, in: E.R. Bradley, G.P. Sabol (Eds.), Proceedings of 11th International Symposium on Zr in the Nucl. Industry, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, ASTM-STP-1295, American Society for Testing and Mater., W. Conshohocken, PA, USA, 1996, p. 295
A.T. Motta, F. Lefebvre, C. Lemaignan, in: C.M. Eucken, A.M. Garde (Eds.), Proceedings of 9th International Symposium on Zr in the Nuclear Industry, Kobe, Jp, ASTM-STP-1132, American Soc. for Testing and Mater., Philadelphia, PA, USA, 1991, p. 718
B.-C. Cheng, R.M. Kruger, R.B. Adamson, in: A.M. Garde, E.R. Bradley (Eds.), Proceedings of 10th International Symposium on Zr in the Nuclear Industry, Baltimore MD, USA, ASTM-STP-1245, American Society for Testing and Mater., Philadelphia, PA, USA, 1994, p. 400
W.K. Alexander, Hydriding of Hanford Production Reactor Zircaloy Process Tubes, Paper Presented at American Nuclear Soc. Conf. on Reactor Operating Experience, Atlantic City, NJ, July, 1967, and Report DUN-SA-34, 1967
W.K. Winegardner, B. Griggs, Zirconium Hydride Formation in Hanford Production Reactor Process Tubes, US Report, BNWL-588, Battelle North-West Laboratory, Richland, WA, December, 1967
R.L. Dillon, B. Griggs, Battelle North-West Laboratories, Quarterly Progress Report, July–September, 1965, Metallurgy Research Section, BNWL-166, 1966
S. Abolhassani, D. Gavillet, F. Groeschel, P. Jourdain, H.U. Zwicky, Recent Observations on the Evolution of the Secondary Phase Particles in Zircaloy-2 under Irradiation in a BWR up to High Burn-up, Proceedings of International Topical Meeting on LWR Fuel Performance, Vol. 1, Park City UT, American Nuclear Soc. La Grange Pk, IL, USA, 2000, p. 470
B. Andersson, The Enhanced Spacer Shadow Corrosion Phenomenon, Proceedings of Conf. on Verification of Fuel Element Performance, Kernforschungszentrum, Karlsruhe, February/March 2000, paper 9
B. Rossborg, A. Molander, in: Proceedings of IAEA Tech. Comm. Meeting, Rez, Czech Rep., IAEA-TECDOC-927, October 1993, pp 331
K. Lundgren, Radiation Induced Zircaloy Corrosion – Review of Actual Irradiation conditions in a BWR, Swedish Engineering Report, ABB Atom, September 1997
B. Andersson, M. Limback, G. Wikmark, E. Hauso, T. Johnsen, R.G. Ballinger, A.-C. Nystrand, in: Proceedings of 13th International Symposium on Zr. in the Nuclear Industry, Annecy, Fr, ASTM-STP-1423, American Society for Testing and Mater., W. Conshohocken, PA, USA, and Poster Presentation, On the Shadow Corrosion Mechanism, Same Conference 2001, p. 583
A.B. Johnson Jr., Zirconium Alloy Oxidation and Hydriding under Irradiation: Review of Pacific Northwest Laboratories’ Test Program Results, US Report, EPRI-NP-5132, Electric Power Research Inst., PaloAlto, CA, April 1987
E. Hillner, D.G. Franklin, J.D. Smee, The Corrosion of Zircaloy-Clad Fuel Assemblies in a Geologic Repository Environment, Bettis Atomic Power Lab., W. Mifflin, Report WAPD-T3173, 1994
V.F. Urbanic, G.M. McDougall, A.J. White, A.A. Bahurmuz, Deuterium Ingress at Rolled Joints in CANDU Reactors, Paper presented at International Conference on Expanded and Rolled Joint Technology, Toronto, ON, Canada, Sept 1993; and Atomic Energy of Canada, Report RC-1116, November 1993
K.-Å. Magnusson, B. Andersson, R. Lundmark, in: Proceedings of TOPFUEL, Stockholm, SE, Paper #P2-26, European Nuclear Soc, 2001
R.S. Kaiser, R.-S. Miller, J.E. Moon, N.A. Pisano, in: Proceedings of ANS Topical Meeting on LWR Fuel Performance, Williamsburg, VA, American Nuclear Soc., La Grange Pk, Ill, 1988, p. 119
F. Garzarolli, W. Beck, H.P. Fuchs, E. Steinberg, R.A. Perkins, in: Proceedings of EPRI-Utility Workshop on Fuel Corrosion, Washington, DC, USA, Electric Power Res. Inst., Palo Alto, CA, July 1993
I.L. Bramwell, P.D. Parsons, D.R. Tice, in: C.M. Eucken, A.M. Garde (Eds.), Proceedings of 9th International Symposium on Zr in the Nuclear Industry, Kobe, Jp, ASTM-STP-1132, American Society for Testing and Mater., Philadelphia, PA, 1991, p. 628
F. Garzarolli, W. Jung, H. Schoenfeld, A.M. Garde, G.W. Parry, P.G. Smerd, Waterside Corrosion of Zircaloy Fuel Rods, US Report, EPRI-NP-2789, Electric Power Research Inst., Palo Alto, CA, December 1982
F. Garzarolli, T. Broy, R.A. Busch, in: E.R. Bradley, G.P. Sabol (Eds.), Proceedings of 11th International Symposium on Zr in the Nuclear Industry, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, ASTM-STP-1295, American Soc. for Testing and Mater., W. Conshohocken, PA, USA, 1996, p. 850
P. Barberis, E. Ahlberg, N. Simic, D. Charquet, C, Lemaignan, G. Wikmark, M. Dahlbäck, M. Limbäck, P. Tägström, B. Lehtinen, in: Proceedings of 13th International Symposium on Zr in the Nuclear Industry, Annecy, France, ASTM-STP-1423, American Soc. for Testing and Mater., W. Conshohocken, PA, USA, 2001, p. 33
P. Billot, S. Yagnik, N. Ramasubramanian, J. Reybernes, D. Pêcheur, in: Proceedings of 13th International Symposium on Zr in the Nuclear Industry, Annecy, France, ASTM-STP-1423, p. 169
J.P. Mardon, A. Frichet, D. Charquet, J. Sevenat, P. Billot, T. Forgeron, in: Proceedings of TOPFUEL ’99 Conference, Avignon, France, European Nuclear Society, 1999, p. 407
V.N. Shishov, M.M. Peregud, A.V. Nikulina, P.V. Shebaldov, A.V. Tselischev, A.E. Novoselov, G.P. Kobylyansky, Z.E. Ostrovsky, V.K. Shamardin, in: Proceedings of 13th International Symposium on Zr in the Nuclear Industry, Annecy, France, ASTM-STP-1423, American Soc. for Testing and Mater., W. Conshohocken, PA, USA, 2001, p. 758
A. Siebold, F. Garzarolli, in: Proceedings of 13th International Symposium on Zr in the Nuclear Industry, Annecy, France, ASTM-STP-1423, American Soc. for Testing and Mater., W. Conshohocken, PA, USA, 2001, p. 743
K. Govertsen, in: D. Smith (Ed.), Proceedings of 31st International Utility Nuclear Fuel Performance Conference, New Orleans, LA, USA, Entergy Operations Inc., August 2001
B. Cheng, EPRI Fuel Reliability Program Highlights, Palo Verde U2C9 Fuel Failures, Paper 3
M. Lippens, D. Haas, P. Gubel, J. van de Velde, C. van Loon, in: Proceedings of IAEA Specialist Meeting on the Influence of Power Reactors Water Chemistry on Fuel Cladding Reliability, San Miniato, Pisa, Italy, October 1981
F. Garzarolli, R. Schumann, E. Steinberg, in: A.M. Garde, E.R. Bradley (Eds.), Proceedings of 10th International Symposium on Zr in the Nuclear Industry, Baltimore, MD, ASTM-STP-1245, American Soc. for Testing and Mater., Philadelphia, PA, USA, 1994, p. 709
B. Cheng, H.A. Levin, R.B. Adamson, M.O. Marlowe, V.L. Monroe, in: R.B. Adamson, L.F.P. van Swam (Eds.), Proceedings of 7th International Symposium on Zr in the Nuclear Industry, Strasbourg, France, ASTM-STP-939, American Soc. for Testing and Mater., Philadelphia, PA, USA, 1987, p. 257
W.G. Burns, P.B. Moore, A Survey of In-reactor Zirconium Alloy Corrosion, UK Report, AERE-R8184, United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, Harwell, March 1976, and Proceedings of BNES Conference on Water Chemistry of Nuclear Reactor Systems, Bournemouth, UK, 1977, p. 281
D.W. Shannon, in: Proceedings of USAEC Symposium on Zirconium Alloy Development, Vol. II, Castlewood, CA, USA, GE Report GEAP-4089, November 1962, Paper 18
R.C. Asher, B. Cox, in: Proceedings of IAEA Conference on Corrosion of Reactor Materials, Salzburg, AU, STI Pub59, Vol. 2, June 1962, p. 209
T. Isobe, T. Murai, Y. Mae, in: E.R. Bradley, G.P. Sabol (Eds.), Proceedings of 11th International Symposium on Zr in the Nuclear Industry, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, ASTM-STP-1295, American Soc. for Testing and Mater., W. Conshohocken, PA, USA, 1996, p. 203
H.G. Weidinger, H. Ruhmann, G. Cheliotis, M. Maguire, T.-L. Yau, in: C.M. Eucken, A.M. Garde (Eds.), Proceedings of 9th International Symposium on Zr in the Nuclear Industry, Kobe, Japan, ASTM-STP-1132, American Soc. for Testing and Mater., Philadelphia, PA, USA, 1991, p. 499
P. Rudling, B. Lehtinen, Mechanistic Understanding of Nodular Corrosion, US Report, EPRI-TR-103396, Electric Power, Res. Inst., Palo Alto, CA, November 1993
M.O. Marlowe, J.S. Armijo, B. Cheng, R.B. Adamson, in: Proceedings of ANS Topical Meeting on LWR Fuel Performance, Vol. 1, Orlando, FL, American Nuclear Soc., La Grange Pk., ILL, USA, 1985, p. 373
F. Garzarolli, H.-J. Sell, J. Thomazet, PWR Li coolant chemistry and Fuel Cladding Performance, Presented at Jahrestagung Kerntechnik, 2002, INFORM, Bonn
P. Bossis, G. Lelievre, P. Barberis, X. Iltis, F. Lefebvre, in: G.P. Sabol, G.D. Moan (Eds.), Proceedings of 12th International Symposium on Zr in the Nuclear Industry, Toronto, Canada, ASTM-STP-1354, American Soc. For Testing and Mater., W. Conshohocken, PA, USA, 2000, p. 918