Some permeability properties of angiosperm pollen grains, pollen tubes and generative cells
Tóm tắt
The permeability of pollen grains, pollen tubes and generative cells of Helleborus foetidus and Galanthus nivalis has been investigated using four probes spanning a wide range of molecular weights: 4,6-diamidino-2-phenyl indole (DAPI; mol.wt. 350). Evans blue (mol.wt. 960), FITC-dextran (average mol.wt. 19400) and FITC-albumin (average mol.wt. 67000). DAPI penetrated into the vegetative cells of desiccated and hydrated pollen, and also entered growing pollen tubes. In contrast, the generative cells of hydrated pollen and of pollen tubes were highly resistant to penetration, as they were when isolated in osmotically balancing medium. Evans blue failed to enter intact generative cells under any of the conditions tested. The dye ultimately entered the vegetative cells of some pollen grains, but these were non-germinable. Growing pollen tubes invariably resisted penetration. Neither of the high molecular weight conjugates entered germinable pollen grains or intact pollen tubes. The results suggest that it is highly unlikely that DNA fragments of high molecular weight can enter viable pollen, pollen tubes or generative cells under any normal conditions.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Cresti M, Lancelle SA, Hepler PK (1987) Structure of the generative cell wall complex after freeze-substitution in pollen tubes of Nicotiana and Impatiens. J Cell Sci 88:373–378
Currier HB (1957) Callose substances in plant cells. Am J Bot 44:478–488
Dashek WV, Rosen WG (1966) Electron microscopic localisation of chemical components in the growth zone of Lilium pollen tubes. Protoplasma 61:192–204
De Wet JMJ, Bergquist RR, Harlan JR, Brink DE, Cohen CE, Newell CA, De Wet AE (1985) Exogenous gene transfer in maize (Zea mays) using DNA-treated pollen. In: Chapman GP, Mantell SH, Daniels RW (eds) The experimental manipulation of ovule tissues. Longmans Green, London, pp 197–209
Erwee MG, Goodwin PB (1985) Characterisation of the Egeria densa leaf symplast: response to plasmolysis, deplasmolysis and to aromatic amino acids. Protoplasma 122:162–168
Gorska-Brylass A (1967) Temporary callose walls in the generative cell of pollen grains. Naturwissenschaften 54:230–231
Heslop-Harrison J (1968) Synchronous pollen mitosis and the formation of the generative cell in massulate orchids. J Cell Sci 3:457–466
Heslop-Harrison J (1979a) Aspects of the structure, cytochemistry and germination of the pollen of rye (Secale cereale L.) Ann Bot (London) [Suppl 1] 44:1–47
Heslop-Harrison J (1979b) An interpretation of the hydrodynamics of pollen. Am J Bot 66:737–743
Heslop-Harrison J (1987) Pollen germination and pollen-tube growth. Int Rev Cytol 107:1–78
Heslop-Harrison J, Mackenzie A (1967) Autoradiography of soluble (2-14C)-thymidine derivates during meiosis and microsporogenesis in Lilium anthers. J Cell Sci 2:387–400
Hess D (1980) Investigations on the intra- and interspecific transfer of anthocyanin genes using pollen as vectors. Z Pflanzenphysiol 98:321–337
Kroh M, Knuiman B (1982) Ultrastructure of cell wall and plugs of tobacco pollen tubes after chemical extraction of polysaccharides. Planta 154:241–250
Lin J, Uwate WJ, Stallman V (1977) Ultrastructural localisation of acid phosphatase in the pollen tubes of Prunus avium (sweet cherry). Planta 135:183–190
Nakamura S, Miki-Hirosige H (1985) Fine-structural study on the formation of the generative cell wall and intine-3 layer in a growing pollen grain of Lilium longiflorum. Am J Bot 72:365–375
Ohta Y (1986) High-efficiency genetic transformation of maize by a mixture of pollen and exogenous DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83:715–719
Rosen WG, Gawlick SR, Dashek WV, Siegesmund KA (1964) Fine structure and cytochemistry of lily pollen tubes. Am J Bot 51:61–71
Russell SD, Cass DD (1981) Ultrastructure of the sperms of Plumbago zeylandica. I. Cytology and association with the vegetative nucleus. Protoplasma 107:85–107
Sassen MMA (1964) Fine structure of Petunia pollen grains and pollen tubes. Acta Bot Neerl 13:175–181
Shivanna KR, Heslop-Harrison J (1981) Membrane state and pollen viability. Ann Bot (London) 47:759–770
Suita N (1937) Studies on the male gametophyte in angiosperms. IV. Behaviour of the “droplets” sheath in the pollen tube. Cytologia 8:532–541
Van der Woude WJ, Morre DJ, Bracker CE (1971) Isolation and characterisation of secretory vesicles in germinated pollen of Lilium longiflorum. J Cell Sci 8:331–351