Some Evolutionary Consequences of Being a Tree
Tóm tắt
Trees do not form a natural group but share attributes such as great size, longevity, and high reproductive output that affect their mode and tempo of evolution. In particular, trees are unique in that they maintain high levels of diversity while accumulating new mutations only slowly. They are also capable of rapid local adaptation and can evolve quickly from nontree ancestors, but most existing tree lineages typically experience low speciation and extinction rates. We discuss why the tree growth habit should lead to these seemingly paradoxical features.
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Bradshaw AD, 1972, Evol. Biol., 5, 25
DiFazio SP, 2004, Forest Biotechnology for the 21st Century, 405
FAO World Resour. 2000–2001. Food and agricultural organization of the United Nations and Forest Stewardship Council. http://www.fao.org
Grandtner MM, 2005, Elsevier's Dictionary of Trees. Volume 1: North America
Grant V, 1963, The Origin of Adaptations
Grant V, 1975, Genetics of Flowering Plants
Hamrick JL, 1989, Plant Population Genetics, Breeding, and Genetic Resources, 43
Harper JL, 1977, Population Biology of Plants
Jobson R, 2002, Cladistics, 18, 127
Linhart YB, 1999, Molecular Biology of Woody Plants. For. Sci., 64, 341, 10.1007/978-94-017-2311-4_14
Little EL Jr. 1979. Checklist of United States Trees (Native and Naturalized). U.S. Dept. Agric., Agric. Handb. 541, p.375. Washington, DC: USDA
Niklas KJ, 1997, The Evolutionary Biology of Plants
Niklas KJ, 2003, Evol. Ecol. Res., 5, 79
Oldfield S, 1998, The World List of Threatened Trees
Silvertown J, 2001, Evol. Ecol. Res., 3, 393
Van Valen L, 1973, Evol. Theory, 1, 1
Whittaker RH, 1975, Communities and Ecosystems, 2
Williams CG, 1996, For. Sci., 42, 102