Somatostatin immunoreactivity in axon terminals in rat nucleus tractus solitarii arising from central nucleus of amygdala: coexistence with GABA and postsynaptic expression of sst2A receptor

Armstrong, 1982, Distribution of dopamine-, noradrenaline-, and adrenaline-containing cell bodies in the rat medulla oblongata: demonstrated by the immunocytochemical localization of catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes, J. Comp. Neurol., 212, 173, 10.1002/cne.902120207 Batten, 1999, Tyramide signal amplification (TSA) for combined neural tracing and immunohistochemistry of rat CNS pathways, Abstr. Soc. Neurosci., 25, 1 Bennett-Clarke, 1980, Distribution of somatostatin in the rat brain: telencephalon and diencephalon, Brain Res., 188, 473, 10.1016/0006-8993(80)90046-3 Boehm, 1996, A somatostatin receptor inhibits noradrenaline release from chick sympathetic neurons through pertussis toxin-sensitive mechanisms: comparison with the action of α-2 adrenoceptors, Neuroscience, 73, 595, 10.1016/0306-4522(96)00074-7 Boudin, 2000, Somatostatin-induced regulation of SST2A receptor expression and cell surface availability in central neurons: role of receptor internalization, J. Neurosci., 20, 5932, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.20-16-05932.2000 Brown, 1988, Somatostatin-28 effects on central nervous system regulation of vasopressin secretion and blood pressure, Neuroendocrinology, 47, 556, 10.1159/000124975 Cassell, 1986, Neuronal architecture in the rat central nucleus of the amygdala: a cytological, hodological, and immunocytochemical study, J. Comp. Neurol., 246, 478, 10.1002/cne.902460406 Chesselet, 1983, Somatostatin regulates dopamine release in rat striatal slices and cat caudate nucleus, Neuroscience, 3, 232, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.03-01-00232.1983 Cheng, 1996, Immunolabeling of Mu opioid receptors in the rat nucleus of the solitary tract: extrasynaptic plasmalemmal localization and association with Leu5-enkephalin, J. Comp. Neurol., 371, 522, 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19960805)371:4<522::AID-CNE3>3.0.CO;2-6 Csaba, 2001, In vivo internalization of the somatostatin sst2A receptor in rat brain: evidence for translocation of cell-surface receptors into the endosomal recycling pathway, Mol. Cell. Neurosci., 17, 646, 10.1006/mcne.2000.0958 Dampney, 1994, Functional organization of central pathways regulating the cardiovascular system, Physiol. Rev., 74, 323, 10.1152/physrev.1994.74.2.323 Danielsen, 1989, The central amygdaloid nucleus innervation of the dorsal vagal complex in rat: a Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin lectin anterograde tracing study, Brain Res. Bull., 22, 705, 10.1016/0361-9230(89)90090-7 Dodd, 1978, Is somatostatin an excitatory transmitter in the hippocampus?, Nature, 273, 674, 10.1038/273674a0 Dournaud, 1998, Interrelationships between somatostatin sst2A receptors and somatostatin-containing axons in rat brain: evidence for regulation of cell surface receptors by endogenous somatostatin, J. Neurosci., 18, 1056, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.18-03-01056.1998 Dournaud, 1996, Localization of the somatostatin receptor SST2A in rat brain using a specific anti-peptide antibody, J. Neurosci., 16, 4466, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.16-14-04468.1996 Epelbaum, 1986, Somatostatin in the central nervous system: physiological and pathological modifications, Prog. Neurobiol., 27, 63, 10.1016/0301-0082(86)90012-2 Fehlmann, 2000, Distribution and characterisation of somatostatin receptor mRNA and binding sites in the brain and periphery, J. de Physiol. (Paris), 94, 265, 10.1016/S0928-4257(00)00208-4 Finley, 1981, The immunohistochemical localization of somatostatin-containing neurons in the rat central nervous system, Neuroscience, 6, 2173, 10.1016/0306-4522(81)90006-3 Gray, 1990, Endogenous modulation of ACh release by somatostatin and the differential roles of Ca2+ channels, J. Neurosci., 10, 2687, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.10-08-02687.1990 Gray, 1987, Neuropeptide neuronal efferents from the bed nucleus of the stria teminalis and central amygdaloid nucleus to the dorsal vagal complex in the rat, J. Comp. Neurol., 262, 365, 10.1002/cne.902620304 Helboe, 1999, Immunohistochemical localization of the somatostatin receptor subtype 2 (sst2) in the central nervous system of the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus), J. Comp. Neurol., 405, 247, 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19990308)405:2<247::AID-CNE8>3.0.CO;2-V Helke, 1984, Studies on the origin and release of somatostatin-immunoreactivity in the nucleus of the solitary tract, Brain Res. Bull., 12, 51, 10.1016/0361-9230(84)90214-4 Hendry, 1984, Neuropeptide containing neurons of the cerebral cortex are also GABAergic, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 81, 6526, 10.1073/pnas.81.20.6526 Hervieu, 1998, The localization of somatostation receptor 1 (sst1) immunoreactivity in the rat brain using an N-terminal specific antibody, Neuroscience, 85, 1263, 10.1016/S0306-4522(98)00024-4 Hervieu, 1999, Visualisation of somatostatin receptor sst3 in the rat central nervous system, Mol. Brain Res., 71, 290, 10.1016/S0169-328X(99)00201-6 Higgins, 1983, Somatostatinergic projections from the central nucleus of the amygdala to the vagal nuclei, Peptides, 4, 657, 10.1016/0196-9781(83)90014-1 Hopkins, 1975, Amygdalotegmental projections in the rat, cat and rhesus monkey, Neurosci. Lett., 1, 263, 10.1016/0304-3940(75)90041-5 Hopkins, 1978, Amygdaloid projections to the mesencephalon, pons and medulla oblongata in the cat, Exp. Brain Res., 32, 529, 10.1007/BF00239551 Hoyer, 1995, Classification and nomenclature of somatostatin receptors, Trends Pharmacol. Sci., 16, 86, 10.1016/S0165-6147(00)88988-9 Huang, 2000, Rostrocaudal variation in targeting of N-methyl-d-aspartate and mu-opioid receptors in the rat medial nucleus of the solitary tract, J. Comp. Neurol., 421, 400, 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(20000605)421:3<400::AID-CNE8>3.0.CO;2-8 Jacquin, 1988, Somatostatin depresses excitability in neurons of the solitary tract complex through hyperpolarization and augmentation of IM, a non-inactivating voltage-dependent outward current blocked by muscarinic agonists, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 85, 948, 10.1073/pnas.85.3.948 Jia, 1997, Evidence of gamma-aminobutyric acidergic control over the catecholaminergic projection from the medulla oblongata to the central nucleus of the amygdala, J. Comp. Neurol., 381, 262, 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19970512)381:3<262::AID-CNE2>3.0.CO;2-0 Johansson, 1984, Immunohistochemical distribution of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in the central nervous system of the adult rat, Neuroscience, 13, 265, 10.1016/0306-4522(84)90233-1 Kalia, 1984, Distribution of neuropeptide immunoreactive nerve terminals within the subnuclei of the nucleus of the tractus solitarius of the rat, J. Comp. Neurol., 222, 409, 10.1002/cne.902220308 Koda, 1985, Blood pressure following microinjection of somatostatin related peptides into the rat nucleus tractus solitarii, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 113, 425, 10.1016/0014-2999(85)90091-3 Kubota, 1994, Three distinct subpopulations of GABAergic neurons in rat frontal agranular cortex, Brain Res., 649, 159, 10.1016/0006-8993(94)91060-X Leroux, 1985, Localization and characterization of brain somatostatin receptors as studied with somatostatin-14 and somatostatin-28 receptor autoradiography, Brain Res., 347, 74, 10.1016/0006-8993(85)90890-X Lin, 1991, Facilitation of baroreceptor reflex response by endogenous somatostatin in the rat, Regul. Pept., 33, 239, 10.1016/0167-0115(91)90227-8 Liubashina, 2000, Projections from the central nucleus of the amygdala to the gastric related area of the dorsal vagal complex: a Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin study in rat, Neurosci. Lett., 291, 85, 10.1016/S0304-3940(00)01392-6 Maley, 1996, Immunohistochemical localization of neuropeptides and neurotransmitters in the nucleus solitarius, Chem. Senses, 21, 367, 10.1093/chemse/21.3.367 Maqbool, 1991, Ultrastructural relationships between GABAergic terminals and cardiac vagal preganglionic motoneurones and vagal afferents in the cat: a combined HRP tracing and immunogold labelling study, Eur. J. Neurosci., 3, 501, 10.1111/j.1460-9568.1991.tb00837.x McDonald, 1989, Coexistence of GABA and peptide immunoreactivity in non-pyramidal neurons of the basolateral amygdala, Neurosci. Lett., 100, 53, 10.1016/0304-3940(89)90659-9 Meyer, 1989, Effects of somatostatin on the in vitro release of (3H)-GABA from slices of rat caudate-putamen, Neuroscience, 28, 61, 10.1016/0306-4522(89)90232-7 Meyerhof, 1992, Molecular cloning of a somatostatin-28 receptor and comparison of its expression pattern with that of a somatostatin-14 receptor in rat brain, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 89, 10267, 10.1073/pnas.89.21.10267 Moga, 1985, Evidence for corticotropin-releasing factor, neurotensin, and somatostatin in the neural pathway from the central nucleus of the amygdala to the parabrachial nucleus, J. Comp. Neurol., 241, 275, 10.1002/cne.902410304 Mueller, 1986, Electrophysiological actions of somatostatin (SRIF) in hippocampus: an in vitro study, Cell. Mol. Neurobiol., 6, 363, 10.1007/BF00711406 Oertel, 1983, Coexistence of glutamic acid decarboxylase- and somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in neurons of the feline nucleus reticularis thalami, J. Neurosci., 3, 322, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.03-06-01322.1983 Patel, 1992, General aspects of the biology and function of somatostatin, 1 Paxinos, 1986 Petrov, 1993, Branching projections of catecholaminergic brainstem neurons to the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus and the central nucleus of the amygdala in the rat, Brain Res., 609, 81, 10.1016/0006-8993(93)90858-K Pickel, 1999, Presence of μ-opioid receptors in targets of efferent projections from the central nucleus of the amygdala to the nucleus of the solitary tract, Synapse, 33, 141, 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2396(199908)33:2<141::AID-SYN4>3.0.CO;2-X Pickel, 1995, Amygdala efferents form inhibitory-type synapses with a subpopulation of catecholaminergic neurons in the rat nucleus tractus solitarius, J. Comp. Neurol., 362, 510, 10.1002/cne.903620406 Pickel, 1996, GABAergic neurons in rat nuclei of solitary tracts receive inhibitory-type synapses from amygdaloid efferents lacking detectable GABA-immunoreactivity, J. Neurosci., 44, 446, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(19960601)44:5<446::AID-JNR5>3.0.CO;2-F Pittman, 1981, Somatostatin hyperpolarizes hippocampal pyramidal cells in vitro, J. Brain Res., 221, 402, 10.1016/0006-8993(81)90791-5 Pow, 1993, Extremely high titre polyclonal antisera against small neurotransmitter molecules: rapid production, characterisation and use in light- and electron-microscopic immunocytochemistry, J. Neurosci. Meth., 48, 51, 10.1016/S0165-0270(05)80007-X Price, 1981, An autoradiographic study of the projections of the central nucleus of the monkey amygdala, J. Neurosci., 1, 1242, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.01-11-01242.1981 Price, 1987, The limbic region. II. The amygdaloid complex, 5, 279 Reisine, 1995, Molecular properties of somatostatin receptors, Neuroscience, 67, 777, 10.1016/0306-4522(95)00072-Q Rhim, 1996, Mechanism of inhibition of calcium channels in rat nucleus tractus solitarius by neurotransmitters, Brit. J. Pharmacol., 118, 1341, 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1996.tb15543.x Riche, 1990, Neuropeptides and catecholamines in efferent projections of the nuclei of the solitary tract in the rat, J. Comp. Neurol., 293, 339, 10.1002/cne.902930306 Roberts, 1992, Neuropeptides: cellular morphology, major pathways, and functional considerations, 115 Rocheville, 2000, Subtypes of the somatostatin receptor assemble as functional homo- and heterodimers, J. Biol. Chem., 275, 7862, 10.1074/jbc.275.11.7862 Rocheville, 2000, Receptors for dopamine and somatostatin: formation of hetero-oligomers with functional activity, Science, 288, 154, 10.1126/science.288.5463.154 Saha, 1995, Glutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid and tachykinin-immunoreactive synapses in the cat nucleus tractus solitarii, J. Neurocytol., 24, 55, 10.1007/BF01370160 Saha, 1999, Glycine-immunoreactive synaptic terminals in the nucleus tractus solitarii of the cat: ultrastructure and relationship to GABA-immunoreactive terminals, Synapse, 33, 192, 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2396(19990901)33:3<192::AID-SYN4>3.0.CO;2-K Saha, 2000, A GABAergic projection from the central nucleus of the amygdala to the nucleus of the solitary tract: a combined anterograde tracing and electron microscopic immunohistochemical study, Neuroscience, 99, 613, 10.1016/S0306-4522(00)00240-2 Scharfman, 1989, Selective depression of GABA-mediated IPSPs by somatostatin in area CA1 of rabbit hippocampal slices, Brain Res., 493, 205, 10.1016/0006-8993(89)91155-4 Schindler, 1996, Somatostatin receptors in the central nervous system, Prog. Neurobiol., 50, 9, 10.1016/0301-0082(96)00030-5 Schindler, 1997, Immunohistochemical localization of the somatostatin sst2(A) receptor in the rat brain and spinal cord, Neuroscience, 76, 225, 10.1016/S0306-4522(96)00388-0 Schindler, 1999, Immunohistochemical localization of the somatostatin sst2(b) receptor splice variant in the rat central nervous system, Neuroscience, 90, 859, 10.1016/S0306-4522(98)00483-7 Schreff, 2000, Distribution, targeting, and internalization of the sst4 somatostatin receptor in rat brain, J. Neurosci., 20, 3785, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.20-10-03785.2000 Schulz, 1998, Immunocytochemical localization of somatostatin receptor sst2A in the rat spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia, Eur. J. Neurosci., 10, 3700, 10.1046/j.1460-9568.1998.00386.x Schulz, 2000, Localization of five somatostatin receptors in the rat central nervous system using subtype-specific antibodies, J. de Physiol. (Paris), 94, 259, 10.1016/S0928-4257(00)00212-6 Selmer, 2000, Immunohistochemical localization of the somatostatin sst4 receptor in rat brain, Neuroscience, 98, 523, 10.1016/S0306-4522(00)00147-0 Señarı́s, 1994, Distribution of somatostatin receptors 1, 2, and 3 mRNA in the rat brain and pituitary, Eur. J. Neurosci., 6, 1883, 10.1111/j.1460-9568.1994.tb00579.x Shimada, 1989, Coexistence of peptides (corticotropin releasing factor/neurotensin and substance P/somatostatin) in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and central amygdaloid nucleus of the rat, Neuroscience, 30, 377, 10.1016/0306-4522(89)90259-5 Somiya, 1984, Neuropeptides as central integrators of autonomic nerve activity: effects of TRH, SRIF, VIP and bombesin on gastric and adrenal nerves, Regul. Pept., 9, 47, 10.1016/0167-0115(84)90006-5 Somogyi, 1984, Different populations of GABAergic neurons in the visual cortex and hippocampus of cat contain somatostatin- or cholecystokinin-immunoreactive material, J. Neurosci., 4, 2590, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.04-10-02590.1984 Spyer, 1994, Central nervous mechanisms contributing to cardiovascular control, J. Physiol., 474, 1, 10.1113/jphysiol.1994.sp019997 Tanaka, 1981, Somatostatin facilitates the serotonin release from rat cerebral cortex, hippocampus and hypothalamus slices, Brain Res., 208, 219, 10.1016/0006-8993(81)90636-3 Todd, 1998, A quantitative study of neurons which express neurokinin-1 or somatostatin sst2a receptor in rat spinal dorsal horn, Neuroscience, 85, 459, 10.1016/S0306-4522(97)00669-6 Van den Pol, 1986, Gamma-aminobutyrate, gastrin releasing peptide, serotonin, somatostatin, and vasopressin: ultrastructural immunocytochemical localization in presynaptic axons in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, Neuroscience, 17, 643, 10.1016/0306-4522(86)90037-0 Van der Kooy, 1984, The organization of projections from the cortex, amygdala, and hypothalamus to the nucleus of the solitary tract in rat, J. Comp. Neurol., 224, 1, 10.1002/cne.902240102 Veening, 1984, The organization of projections from the central nucleus amygdala to brainstem sites involved in central autonomic regulation: a combined retrograde transport-immunohistochemical study, Brain Res., 303, 337, 10.1016/0006-8993(84)91220-4 Viollet, 1995, Molecular pharmacology of somatostatin receptors, Fund. Clin. Pharmacol., 9, 107, 10.1111/j.1472-8206.1995.tb00269.x Wallace, 1992, Organization of amygdaloid projections to brainstem dopaminergic, noradrenergic and adrenergic cell groups in the rat, Brain Res. Bull., 28, 447, 10.1016/0361-9230(92)90046-Z Wang, 1989, Somatostatin-14 and somatostatin-28 induce opposite effects on potassium currents in rat neocortical neurons, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 86, 9616, 10.1073/pnas.86.23.9616 Wang, 1993, Somatostatin regulates excitatory amino acid receptor-mediated fast excitatory postsynaptic potential components in vagal motoneurons, Neuroscience, 53, 7, 10.1016/0306-4522(93)90279-O Wray, 1983, Organization and interrelationship of neuropeptides in the central amygdaloid nucleus of the rat, Peptides, 4, 525, 10.1016/0196-9781(83)90059-1 Yamada, 1992, Cloning and functional characterization of a family of human and mouse somatostatin receptors expressed in the brain, gastrointestinal tract, and kidney, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 89, 251, 10.1073/pnas.89.1.251 Zardetto-Smith, 1990, Organization of peptidergic and catecholaminergic efferents from the nucleus of the solitary tract to the rat amygdala, Brain Res. Bull., 25, 875, 10.1016/0361-9230(90)90183-Z