Somatic mutations affect key pathways in lung adenocarcinoma

Juergens, R. A. & Brahmer, J. R. Adjuvant treatment in non-small cell lung cancer: Where are we now? J. Natl Compr. Canc. Netw. 4, 595–600 (2006)

Parkin, D. M., Bray, F., Ferlay, J. & Pisani, P. Global cancer statistics, 2002. CA Cancer J. Clin. 55, 74–108 (2005)

Hecht, S. S. Tobacco smoke carcinogens and lung cancer. J. Natl Cancer Inst. 91, 1194–1210 (1999)

Hung, R. J. et al. A susceptibility locus for lung cancer maps to nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit genes on 15q25. Nature 452, 633–637 (2008)

Sellers, T. A. et al. Evidence for mendelian inheritance in the pathogenesis of lung cancer. J. Natl Cancer Inst. 82, 1272–1279 (1990)

Sellers, T. A., Weaver, T. W., Phillips, B., Altmann, M. & Rich, S. S. Environmental factors can confound identification of a major gene effect: results from a segregation analysis of a simulated population of lung cancer families. Genet. Epidemiol. 15, 251–262 (1998)

Thorgeirsson, T. E. et al. A variant associated with nicotine dependence, lung cancer and peripheral arterial disease. Nature 452, 638–642 (2008)

Pao, W. et al. EGF receptor gene mutations are common in lung cancers from “never smokers” and are associated with sensitivity of tumors to gefitinib and erlotinib. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 101, 13306–13311 (2004)

Lynch, T. J. et al. Activating mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor underlying responsiveness of non-small-cell lung cancer to gefitinib. N. Engl. J. Med. 350, 2129–2139 (2004)

Paez, J. G. et al. EGFR mutations in lung cancer: correlation with clinical response to gefitinib therapy. Science 304, 1497–1500 (2004)

Kobayashi, S. et al. EGFR mutation and resistance of non-small-cell lung cancer to gefitinib. N. Engl. J. Med. 352, 786–792 (2005)

Pao, W. et al. Acquired resistance of lung adenocarcinomas to gefitinib or erlotinib is associated with a second mutation in the EGFR kinase domain. PLoS Med. 2, e73 (2005)

Le Calvez, F. et al. TP53 and KRAS mutation load and types in lung cancers in relation to tobacco smoke: distinct patterns in never, former, and current smokers. Cancer Res. 65, 5076–5083 (2005)

Pao, W. et al. KRAS mutations and primary resistance of lung adenocarcinomas to gefitinib or erlotinib. PLoS Med. 2, e17 (2005)

Davies, H. et al. Somatic mutations of the protein kinase gene family in human lung cancer. Cancer Res. 65, 7591–7595 (2005)

Greenman, C. et al. Patterns of somatic mutation in human cancer genomes. Nature 446, 153–158 (2007)

Sjoblom, T. et al. The consensus coding sequences of human breast and colorectal cancers. Science 314, 268–274 (2006)

Wood, L. D. et al. The genomic landscapes of human breast and colorectal cancers. Science 318, 1108–1113 (2007)

Forbes, S. et al. Cosmic 2005. Br. J. Cancer 94, 318–322 (2006)

McKusick, V. A. Mendelian inheritance in man and its online version, OMIM. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 80, 588–604 (2007)

Takahashi, T. et al. p53: a frequent target for genetic abnormalities in lung cancer. Science 246, 491–494 (1989)

Packenham, J. P. et al. Homozygous deletions at chromosome 9p21 and mutation analysis of p16 and p15 in microdissected primary non-small cell lung cancers. Clin. Cancer Res. 1, 687–690 (1995)

Sanchez-Cespedes, M. et al. Inactivation of LKB1/STK11 is a common event in adenocarcinomas of the lung. Cancer Res. 62, 3659–3662 (2002)

Rodenhuis, S. et al. Incidence and possible clinical significance of K-ras oncogene activation in adenocarcinoma of the human lung. Cancer Res. 48, 5738–5741 (1988)

Sasaki, H. et al. Nras and Kras mutation in Japanese lung cancer patients: Genotyping analysis using LightCycler. Oncol. Rep. 18, 623–628 (2007)

Cawthon, R. M. et al. A major segment of the neurofibromatosis type 1 gene: cDNA sequence, genomic structure, and point mutations. Cell 62, 193–201 (1990)

Chehab, N. H., Malikzay, A., Appel, M. & Halazonetis, T. D. Chk2/hCds1 functions as a DNA damage checkpoint in G1 by stabilizing p53. Genes Dev. 14, 278–288 (2000)

Kim, J. H. et al. Genetic polymorphisms of ataxia telangiectasia mutated affect lung cancer risk. Hum. Mol. Genet. 15, 1181–1186 (2006)

Friend, S. H. et al. Deletions of a DNA sequence in retinoblastomas and mesenchymal tumors: organization of the sequence and its encoded protein. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 84, 9059–9063 (1987)

Howley, P. M., Scheffner, M., Huibregtse, J. & Munger, K. Oncoproteins encoded by the cancer-associated human papillomaviruses target the products of the retinoblastoma and p53 tumor suppressor genes. Cold Spring Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol. 56, 149–155 (1991)

Ohgaki, H. et al. APC mutations are infrequent but present in human lung cancer. Cancer Lett. 207, 197–203 (2004)

Liu, C. X. et al. LRP-DIT, a putative endocytic receptor gene, is frequently inactivated in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines. Cancer Res. 60, 1961–1967 (2000)

Sonoda, I. et al. Frequent silencing of low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1B (LRP1B) expression by genetic and epigenetic mechanisms in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Res. 64, 3741–3747 (2004)

Weir, B. A. et al. Characterizing the cancer genome in lung adenocarcinoma. Nature 450, 893–898 (2007)

Zhao, X. et al. Homozygous deletions and chromosome amplifications in human lung carcinomas revealed by single nucleotide polymorphism array analysis. Cancer Res. 65, 5561–5570 (2005)

Chen, H. et al. A molecular brake in the kinase hinge region regulates the activity of receptor tyrosine kinases. Mol. Cell 27, 717–730 (2007)

Marchetti, A. et al. Frequent mutations in the neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase gene family in large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung. Hum. Mutat. 29, 609–616 (2008)

Marks, J. L. et al. Mutational analysis of EGFR and related signaling pathway genes in lung adenocarcinomas identifies a novel somatic kinase domain mutation in FGFR4 . PLoS One 2, e426 (2007)

Carpten, J. D. et al. A transforming mutation in the pleckstrin homology domain of AKT1 in cancer. Nature 448, 439–444 (2007)

Stephens, P. et al. Lung cancer: intragenic ERBB2 kinase mutations in tumours. Nature 431, 525–526 (2004)

Davies, H. et al. Mutations of the BRAF gene in human cancer. Nature 417, 949–954 (2002)

Forgacs, E. et al. Mutation analysis of the PTEN/MMAC1 gene in lung cancer. Oncogene 17, 1557–1565 (1998)

Koivunen, J. P. et al. Mutations in the LKB1 tumour suppressor are frequently detected in tumours from Caucasian but not Asian lung cancer patients. Br. J. Cancer 99, 245–252 (2008)

Burma, S. & Chen, D. J. Role of DNA-PK in the cellular response to DNA double-strand breaks. DNA Repair (Amst.) 3, 909–918 (2004)

Pollack, J. R. et al. Microarray analysis reveals a major direct role of DNA copy number alteration in the transcriptional program of human breast tumors. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 99, 12963–12968 (2002)

Sandsmark, D. K. et al. Nucleophosmin mediates mammalian target of rapamycin-dependent actin cytoskeleton dynamics and proliferation in neurofibromin-deficient astrocytes. Cancer Res. 67, 4790–4799 (2007)

Subramanian, J. & Govindan, R. Lung cancer in never smokers: a review. J. Clin. Oncol. 25, 561–570 (2007)

Ahrendt, S. A. et al. p53 mutations and survival in stage I non-small-cell lung cancer: results of a prospective study. J. Natl Cancer Inst. 95, 961–970 (2003)

Beasley, M. B., Brambilla, E. & Travis, W. D. The 2004 World Health Organization classification of lung tumors. Semin. Roentgenol. 40, 90–97 (2005)

Motoi, N. et al. Lung adenocarcinoma: modification of the 2004 WHO mixed subtype to include the major histologic subtype suggests correlations between papillary and micropapillary adenocarcinoma subtypes, EGFR mutations and gene expression analysis. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 32, 810–827 (2008)