Solvent-Based Elimination of Organic Matter from Marine-Collected Plastics

Environments - MDPI - Tập 8 Số 7 - Trang 68
Amaia Mendoza1, Galder Kortaberría1, F.F. Marzo1, Ugo Mayor2,3, Oihane C. Basurko4, Cristina Peña‐Rodriguez1
1"Materials +Technologies" Research Group (GMT), Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Gipuzkoa, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plaza Europa 1, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
2Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
3IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
4AZTI, Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Herrera Kaia, Portualdea z/g, 20110, Pasaia, Spain

Tóm tắt

The physical-chemical characterization of plastic litter from the marine environment requires the prior removal of the biofouling attached to their surface without causing any degradation in the polymer. The absence of a standardized protocol for digesting biofouling and organic matter of both macro and microplastic samples extracted from seawater has been the main motivation for this research work, which aims to evaluate the effectiveness of different solvents (hydrogen peroxide, ethanol, a commercial enzymatic detergent, and potassium hydroxide) for the digestion of organic matter and biofouling in different samples recovered from the Spanish Atlantic and Mediterranean coast. Moreover, the potential effect of those solvents on the physical-chemical structure of polymers, four virgin plastic reference materials (low-density polyethylene, polyamide, poly(ethylene terephthalate) and polystyrene) without any type of prior degradation has been characterized in terms of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and optical microscopy. Results indicate that the hydrogen peroxide at 15% concentration applied for one week at 40 °C is the most effective solvent for organic matter and biofouling removal, without causing any apparent damage on the structure of plastic samples analyzed.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Menchaca, 2014, Guide for the evaluation of biofouling formation in the marine environment, Revista de Investigación Marina AZTI-Tecnalia, 21, 89

Lobelle, 2011, Early microbial biofilm formation on marine plastic debris, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 62, 197, 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.10.013

Napper, 2019, Environmental Deterioration of Biodegradable, Oxo-biodegradable, Compostable, and Conventional Plastic Carrier Bags in the Sea, Soil, and Open-Air Over a 3-Year Period, Environ. Sci. Technol., 53, 4775, 10.1021/acs.est.8b06984

Karami, 2017, A high-performance protocol for extraction of microplastics in fish, Sci. Total Environ., 578, 485, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.213

Bergmann, M., Gutow, L., and Klages, M. (2015). Methodology used for the detection and identification of microplastics—A critical appraisal. Marine Anthropogenic Litter, Springer.

Dehaut, 2016, Microplastics in seafood: Benchmark protocol for their extraction and characterization, Environ. Pollut., 215, 223, 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.05.018

Gago, J., Ana, F., Pedrotti, M.L., Caetano, M., and Frias, J. (2018). Standardised Protocol for Monitoring Microplastics in Seawater, JPI-Oceans BASEMAN Project.

Reguera, 2019, Microplastics in wild mussels (Mytilus sp.) from the north coast of Spain: Comparison between digestive treatments, Sci. Mar., 83, 4, 10.3989/scimar.04927.05A

Claessens, 2013, New techniques for the detection of microplastics in sediments and field collected organisms, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 70, 227, 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.03.009

Nuelle, 2014, A new analytical approach for monitoring microplastics in marine sediments, Environ. Pollut., 184, 161, 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.07.027

Tagg, 2015, Identification and Quantification of Microplastics in Wastewater Using Focal Plane Array-Based Reflectance Micro-FT-IR Imaging, Anal. Chem., 87, 6032, 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00495

Gibson, 2017, Lost, but Found with Nile Red: A Novel Method for Detecting and Quantifying Small Microplastics (1 mm to 20 μm) in Environmental Samples, Environ. Sci. Technol., 51, 13641, 10.1021/acs.est.7b04512

Imhof, 2017, Enzymatic Purification of Microplastics in Environmental Samples, Environ. Sci. Technol., 51, 14283, 10.1021/acs.est.7b03055

Cole, 2014, Isolation of microplastics in biota-rich seawater samples and marine organisms, Sci. Rep., 4, 4528, 10.1038/srep04528

Laforsch, 2020, Finding microplastics in soils: A review of analytical methods, Environ. Sci. Technol., 54, 2078, 10.1021/acs.est.9b04618

Hurley, 2018, Validation of a method for extracting microplastics from complex, organic-rich, environmental matrices, Environ. Sci. Technol., 52, 7409, 10.1021/acs.est.8b01517

Tagg, 2017, Fenton’s reagent for the rapid and efficient isolation of microplastics from wastewater, Chem. Commun., 53, 372, 10.1039/C6CC08798A

Frei, 2019, Occurence of Microplastics in the Hyporheic Zone of Rivers, Sci. Rep., 9, 15256, 10.1038/s41598-019-51741-5

Thompson, 2010, Degradation of plastic carrier bags in the marine environment, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 60, 2279, 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.08.005

Welden, 2017, Degradation of common polymer ropes in a sublittoral marine environment, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 118, 248, 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.02.072

Kedzierski, 2018, Threat of plastic ageing in marine environment. Adsorption/desorption of micropollutants, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 127, 684, 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.12.059

Gutow, 2012, Microplastics in the marine environment: A review of the methods used for identification and quantification, Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 3060, 10.1021/es2031505

Mendoza, 2020, Microplastics in the Bay of Biscay: An overview, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 153, 110996, 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.110996

Esmaeili, A., Pourbabaee, A.A., Alikhani, H.A., Shabani, F., and Esmaeili, E. (2013). Biodegradation of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) by mixed culture of Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus and Aspergillus niger in soil. PLoS ONE, 8.

Brandon, 2016, Long-term aging and degradation of microplastic particles: Comparing in situ oceanic and experimental weathering patterns, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 110, 299, 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.06.048

2009, Analytical characterization of polymers used in conservation and restoration by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 395, 2081, 10.1007/s00216-009-3201-2

Abraham, 2016, Microbial Degradation of Low Density Polyethylene, Environ. Prog. Sustain. Energy, 36, 147, 10.1002/ep.12467

Takada, H., and Karapanagioti, H. (2017). Degradation of Various Plastics in the Environment. Hazardous Chemicals Associated with Plastics in the Marine Environment, Springer. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry.

Sánchez Mora, J.J. (2003). Comportamiento Térmico y Mecánico Del Poli (Etilén Tereftalato) (PET) Modificado Con Resinas Poliméricas Basadas en Bisfenol-A. [Ph.D. Thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya].

Jung, 2018, Validation of ATR FT-IR to identify polymers of plastic marine debris, including those ingested by marine organisms, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 127, 704, 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.12.061

Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Environments - MDPI

Tập 8 Số 7

68

Thông tin tác giả